LessonStorageDevices Short Ver
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Transcript of LessonStorageDevices Short Ver
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TEE COURSE GRADE10
MODULE 7 - PC HARDWARE
Memory and Storage Devices
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to :1. Meet the expectations of the Course Curriculum coded as:
TFV.01E, TF2.01E, TF2.02E, TF2.03E, TF2.04E, IC1.02E,SPV.01E;
2. Explain the function and interaction of the primary (RAM, ROM)and secondary storage devices (magnetic and optical);
3. Describe secondary storage devices: FDD, HD, CD-ROM, DVD;
4. Use precise terminology in relation to all storage devices;
5. Explain how data is stored on the surface of magnetic andoptical disks;
6. Uninstall and re-install main and secondary storage devices:RAM, FDD, HD, CD-ROM;
7. Use safe practices in the handling of computer hardware and
electronic components.
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Computer System Components
Central Processing Unit
Output
Devices
Cache
Memory
Primary
Storage
SecondaryStorageDevices
ControlUnit
ALU
Special
Purpose
Processors
Output
DevicesInput
Devices
Short Review
Communication Devices
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Three levels of memory hierarchy
Principle: the closer the memory is to the CPU, the faster it is.
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Memory addresses
Memory is a collection ofcells, each with a unique
physical/memory address
Each cell can hold one
byte or 8 bits
101 102 103
201
301
202 203
302 303
With one by we can represent
one character in ASCII Code
Example: A is 65 in ASCII
code and 01000001 in binary
representation
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Application/Thinking
How many bytes are in the phrase You aregreat! .
a) 11b) 13
c) 14
d) 1So, this sentence will occupy __?__ cells in
memory
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Storage Capacity
Unit------------kilobyte
megabytegigabyteterabytepetabyteexabyte
Exact Number of bytes------------------------
210 bytes220 bytes230 bytes240 bytes250 bytes260 bytes
Approx imat ion------------103 bytes
106 bytes
109 bytes
1012 bytes
1015 bytes
1018 bytes
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Application/Thinking
How many megabytes (MB = 2 to the power
of 20 bytes) are in a terabyte (1TB = 2 to
the power of 40 bytes):
a) 2 to the power of 10
b) 2 to the power of 20
c) 2 to the power of 40
d) 2 to the power of 80
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PRIMARY MEMORY: RAM AND ROMRAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile (temporary).
Programs and data can be written to and erased from RAMas needed. This means that RAM does not retain its bit
configuration when the power is turned off, but ROM does
ROM ( Read Only Memory) is nonvolatile (permanent). Thecontents in locations in ROM cannot be changed
It holds instructions that run the computer when it is
first turned on (BIOS)
The CPU accesses each location in memory by using a
unique number, called a memory address.
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Memory types- RAM
RAM: random access memory
SRAM: static RAM
No need to be refreshed
DRAM: dynamic RAM
Need to be refreshed periodically
Main memory
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
EDRAM (Enhanced DRAM)
EDO (Extended Data Out)
FLASH RAM
Ferroelectric RAM
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Memory types ROM
ROM: read-only memory (Pre-programmed)
PROM: programmable ROM
Only written once
EPROM: erasable PROM
Use ultraviolet light to erase data
EEPROM: electronically EPROM Can be erased using electronic impulses (higher
voltages)
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Secondary Storage Devices
Storage devices hold data, even when thecomputer is turned off.
The physical material that actually holds data is
called a storage medium. The surface of a floppy
disk is a storage medium.
The hardware that writes data to or reads data
from a storage medium is called a storage
device. A floppy disk drive is a storage device.
The two primary storage technologies are
magnetic and optical.
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Magnetic StorageDevices
Diskettes (floppy disks) (FDD)
Hard disks (HD)
High-capacity floppy disks (ZIP Disk)
USB flash drive
Magnetic tape
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Optical Storage Devices
Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM)
Digital Video Disk Read-Only Memory
(DVD-ROM)
CD-Recordable (CD-R)
CD-Rewritable (CD-RW)
PhotoCD
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CLASSIFICATION- BIG PICTURE
Memory Types &
Storage Devices
Primary
Secondary
Volatile
Registers
Cache (I, II, III)
RAM
SRAMDRAM
SDRAMEDRAMEDOFLASH RAM
Non-volatileROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
Magnetic memoryTapeHD, Zip DiskFDD
Optical
Memory
CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RWDVD-ROM, DVD-R
DVD- RW
(Semiconductor
chip). Main Memory
(Devices)
2ns
5ms
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Magnetic Storage Devices
- How Magnetic Storage Works
A magnetic disk's medium contains iron
particles, which can be polarizedgiven a
magnetic chargein one of two directions
(north or south).
Each particle's direction represents a 1 (on) or 0
(off), representing each bit of data that the CPU
can recognize.
A disk drive uses read/write heads containing
electromagnets to create magnetic charges on
the medium.
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As the medium
rotates, the head
writes the data.
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Magnetic Storage Devices - Diskettes
Diskette drives, also known as floppy disk drives,read and write to diskettes (called floppy disks or
floppies).
In disks the areas to save data are organized as aset of concentric circles called Tracks. Floppy disks
have 80 tracks. The disks are further divided into
pie-slice Sectors.
300 rpm
Diskettes size: 3.5-inch.
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Formatted Disk
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3.5 inch
floppy
and drive
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Hard Disk Drive Purpose:
Long-term, nonvolatile storage Large, inexpensive, slow level in the storage
hierarchy
Disk compositionA magnetic disk consist of a collection of platters
(1to 20 per disk) that rotate on a spindle.
Disk surface divided into tracks (1000 to 4800 per
platter).
Tracks are divided into sectors (64 per track), which
are the smallest unit that can be read or written.
Up to 10,000 rpm
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Magnetic Disks A read/write head travels across a spinning magnetic
disk, retrieving or recording data
The organization
of a magnetic disk
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Optical Storage Devices
How Optical Storage Works
An optical disk is a high-capacity storage
medium. An optical drive uses reflected light to
read data.
To store data, the disk's metal surface is
covered with tiny dents (pits) and flat spots
(lands), which cause light to be reflected
differently.
When an optical drive shines light into a pit, the
light cannot be reflected back. This represents a
bit value of 0 (off). A land reflects light back to
its source, representing a bit value of 1 (on).
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1 0
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Optical storage devices
CD-ROM: compact disc ROM (Read Only Memory)
Capacity: 650MB
CD-R: compact disc recordable
CD-RW: compact disc rewritable
DVD: digital versatile disc
Capacity: 4.7GB 17GB
DVD-R
DVD-RW (2 versions: + (plus) and
(dash)
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DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
Allows up to 17 gigabytes of storage (from 4.7GB to 17 GB).
Compatible with older CD-ROM technology.
The four versions of the DVD:
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lesson Review
List four types of magnetic and four types of optical
storage devices.
Identify two common uses for floppy disks.
Explain how data is stored on the surface of magneticand optical disks.
List three variations on optical disk technology.
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EVALUATION
1. Cache memory has the fastest speed: T F2. A TB has 1024 MB? T F
3. EPROM is a volatile memory? T F
4. SRAM needs to be refreshed? T F
5. EEPROM use ultraviolet light to erase data?T F
6. A land reflects light back to its source,
representing a bit value of 1 (on). T F
7. A pit, does not reflect the light back and thisrepresents a bit value of 0 (off). T F
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EVALUATION SHORT TEST conted8. Define the following acronyms:
SRAM ______________________________ DRAM ______________________________
SDRAM ______________________________
EDRAM ______________________________
PROM ______________________________ EPROM ______________________________
EEPROM ______________________________
CD-ROM ______________________________
HDD ______________________________
FDD ______________________________
DVD RW ______________________________
CD-RW ______________________________