Lessons & Perspectives Dr. George Norton Agricultural and Applied Economics Virginia Tech Copyright...
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Transcript of Lessons & Perspectives Dr. George Norton Agricultural and Applied Economics Virginia Tech Copyright...
Lessons & Lessons & PerspectivesPerspectives
Dr. George NortonAgricultural and
Applied EconomicsVirginia Tech
Copyright 2006
Objectives Today:Objectives Today:
• Finish discussion of Finish discussion of food aidfood aid• SummarizeSummarize how components in how components in
course are linked course are linked • Consider Consider prospects and prospects and
challengeschallenges for the future for the future
The hunger problem and the solution process.
Poor health
Poor nutrition
Low literacy
Environmentaldegradation
Hunger
Low- and mal-distributed income
Rapid population growth
Short term food crises
Political upheaval
Natural disasters
Need for long-term development
Low productivity traditional agriculture
Food aid and other development assistance
Land reformCredit
Marketingprices infrastructure
communications
Research, extension education
New technologies available
Adoption of new technologies
More productive agriculture generating food, capital, and labor
Income and employment up; hunger, population growth, and
environmental degradation down
Trade
Development of nonagricultural sector
Trade policy
Industrial and macroeconomic policy
Seven Pro-poor Action AreasSeven Pro-poor Action Areas
Investing in human resources – Investing in human resources – Education, health careEducation, health care
Improving access to productive Improving access to productive resources and remunerative resources and remunerative employmentemployment
Improving markets, infrastructure, and Improving markets, infrastructure, and institutionsinstitutions
Expanding appropriate research, Expanding appropriate research, knowledge, and technologyknowledge, and technology
Pro-poor actions continuedPro-poor actions continued
Improving natural resource Improving natural resource management- including secure management- including secure water and land rightswater and land rights
Good governanceGood governance Pro-poor national and international Pro-poor national and international
trade and macroeconomic policiestrade and macroeconomic policies
Prospects for the futureProspects for the future
Depend on region, stage of Depend on region, stage of development, past investments in development, past investments in research, infrastructure, education, research, infrastructure, education, debt situationdebt situation
Depend on restructuring of Depend on restructuring of international institutions international institutions such as IMF, trade agreementssuch as IMF, trade agreements
Global Food Security ChallengesGlobal Food Security Challenges
Declining investments in research Declining investments in research and infrastructureand infrastructure
Water scarcityWater scarcity Climate changeClimate change Malaria and HIV/AIDSMalaria and HIV/AIDS Need to transition to new energy Need to transition to new energy
sourcessources Continued conflicts especially in Continued conflicts especially in
AfricaAfrica
There are no panaceas. Agricultural There are no panaceas. Agricultural development requires a series of development requires a series of
technical and institutional changes, technical and institutional changes, with international linkages, facilitated with international linkages, facilitated
by improved information flows.by improved information flows.