LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART II A– PAKISTAN’S EARTHQUAKES
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Transcript of LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART II A– PAKISTAN’S EARTHQUAKES
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
PART II A– PAKISTAN’S EARTHQUAKES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN
EARTHQUAKES
CYCLONES
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST
DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE
OCTOBER 8, 2005 PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE
KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
8:50 AM OCTOBER 8, 2005M7.6
10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH79,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN;
1,400 IN INDIACOLLAPSED SCHOOLS AND
HOSPITALS3 MILLION HOMELESS
THE SEVERITY OF THE KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
DAMAGE WAS RELATED TO ITS MAGNITUDE, SHALLOW DEPTH,
SOIL AMPLIFICATION, AND POOR BUILDING MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
PAKISTAN PAKISTAN COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
PAKISTAN PAKISTAN COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
EARTHQUAKE RISK EARTHQUAKE RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT
EARTHQUAKES
EARTHQUAKES LIKE THE 2005 QUAKE OCCUR MAINLY AS A RESULT OF
INTERACTIONS OF THE INDO-AUS-TRALIAN AND INDIAN (EURASIAN)
PLATES
OCCURRENCE
• The earthquake occurred in the Main Boundary Thrust Zone (MBTZ), which runs along the Himalayan Arc for about 2,500 km.
• The epicenter was near Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.
OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE
• Experts believe that the October 8th earthquake released only about 10 percent of the accumulated strain energy.
COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES
COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE STRONG GROUND MOTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
GROUND SHAKING MAP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
ISLAMABAD
MUZARAFFABAD
BALAKOT
BALAKOT
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
MUZAFFARABAD (LANDSLIDE)
JAMMU, INDIA
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
ISLAMABAD
ISLAMABAD
MUZAFFARABAD
MUZAFFARABAD
LAHORE
BALAKOT
KASHMIR
AFGHANISTAN
MUZAFFARABAD FOOD LINE
URI, INDIA
URI, INDIA
JABALA, INDIA
RELIEF FROM USAID
FOOD FROM CHINA
FOOD DISTRIBUTION
FOOD DISTRIBUTION
KAMAL KOT, INDIA
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - - TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - -
• ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.
• ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.
LONG-TERM NEEDS OF PAKISTAN
• NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED: NEW INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE
STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE
• CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS
• EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS
• EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS
• EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
• CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS
• EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS
• EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS
• EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
• MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS
• MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE
• STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
• EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
• MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS
• MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE
• STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
• EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
STARTING POINTS STARTING POINTS
• IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
• LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER
• IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
• LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER
• GROUND SHAKING MAPS
• INFORMATION• EDUCATIONAL
SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS
• GROUND SHAKING MAPS
• INFORMATION• EDUCATIONAL
SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS