LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for...
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Transcript of LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for...
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
ALGERIAPART 1: FLOODS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
ALGERIA
ALGERIA: AFRICA—EURASIA COLLISION
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIADISASTERS IN ALGERIA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIADISASTERS IN ALGERIA
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS/DUSTSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s atmospheric, hydrospheric, and lithospheric interactions cause
FLOODS
A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes, ...) intersect at a point in space and time.
Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will happen
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and
infrastructure are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO RELIABLE WARNING SYSTEM in place
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of emergency situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction
because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either this experience or the prior experiences.
TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALGERIA’S ALGERIA’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
ALGERIA’S ALGERIA’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
FLOOD RISK FLOOD RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
FLOOD DISASTER FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISKELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISKELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISKELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN A FLOOD
A community’s people, property, essential and critical infrastructure, business enterprise, and government centers can be at high risk.
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
WHAT WILL HAPPEN?FLOOD HAZARDS
(AKA THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
WHAT WILL HAPPEN?FLOOD HAZARDS
(AKA THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
FLOOD HAZARDS
• TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE
• INUNDATION
• EROSION
• SCOUR
• MUDFLOWS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS PROHIBITING THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND LIFELINE SYSTEMS IN THE FLOODPLAIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
SOME OF ALGERIA’S NOTABLE FLOODS
NOVEMBER 10, 2001
OCTOBER 1, 2008
NOVEMBER 10, 2001
IN A TIME OF POLITICAL CHANGE, DEVASTATING FLOODING FOLLOWED
2 YEARS OF DROUGHT
ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER
• A month's rain fell in 24 hours, the heaviest recorded rainfall in 20 years, causing devastating floods and leaving over 600 dead.
ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER
• In Algiers where a wall of water moved down the steep, narrow streets of the slum district of Bab al-Oued,.more than 500 died in the mass of mud, collapsed buildings and mangled vehicles left by the storm.
October is typically a bad month for heavy rainfall and
floods in Algeria
FLOODING IN GHARDAIA PROVINCE, ALGERIA
700 KM (435 MILES) SOUTH OF ALGIERS
OCTOBER 1, 2008
GHARDAIA, ALGERIA FLOODING; OCT 1, 2008
IMPACTS AFTER SEVERAL DAYS OF HEAVY RAIN
• Thirty dead• Fifty injured• Bridges and roads badly damaged
THE NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE
THE NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE
• BUT, FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!