LESSON PLAN

Area and/or Course Horticulture

Lesson Title Plant parts and Functions

No. Periods 1 (73-minute period)

Teacher Goal(s):1. Students will identify and locate parts of seeds and

plants2. Students will develop an understanding of the plant

part functions

Rigor/RelevanceFramework

Kno

wle

dge

654321

CAssimilation

_______

DAdaptation_______

AAcquisition

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BApplication___ X____

1 2 3 4 5Application

Objectives:

The student will be able to (TSWBT). (Oregon Skill Set numbers in parentheses at the end of the objective statement.)

1. Explain the functions of a seed (Plant 01.02.06.a)

2. Identify the major parts of a seed (Plant 01.02.06.a)

3. Prepare soil for seed germination and discuss germination of seeds in growing medium (Plant

02.02)

4. Describe the major function of root system to support the entire plant (Plant 01.02.02.a)

5. Describe the necessary functions of trees relative to photosynthesis and pruning (Plant

01.02.03.a)

State Standards met by Objectives:

Subject Strand Eligible Content

1. Plant 01.02.06.a Explain the functions and components of seeds and fruit

2. Plant 02.02 Prepare growing media for use in plant systems3. Plant 01.02.02.a Identify the components, the types and the functions

of plant roots4. Plant 01.02.03.a Identify the components and the functions of plant

terms5. English EL.HS.RE.03 Make connections to text, within text, and among

texts across the subject areas.

Knowledge: 1=awareness; 2=comprehension; 3=application; 4=analysis; 5=synthesis; 6=evaluationApplication: 1=knowledge in one discipline; 2=apply knowledge in one discipline; 3=apply knowledge across disciplines; 4=apply knowledge to real-world predictable situations; 5=apply

knowledge to real-world unpredictable situations

Materials, Equipment, Audio-Visual Aids:

1. Growing media

2. Plug trays

3. Seeds: tomato, basil, cilantro

4. Tree worksheet

5. White board

References:

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/td c02.sci.life.stru.insideseed/

http://www.gardenersnet.com/atoz/germinat.htm

http://www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/PartI5.htm

http://forestry.about.com/b/2005/01/01/basic-tree-anatomy.htm

Anticipatory Set/Introduction/Motivation/Interest Approach:

Review Yesterday’s Lesson:

Yesterday we discussed safety in the greenhouse. Since we are going to be working in the greenhouse in the next couple of days I expect everyone to know their safety with 100% accuracy. Let’s review some of the points from yesterday:- Why is safety in Horticulture so important?- What does it mean to be safe?- Who’s responsibility is it to maintain safe working conditions in the greenhouse?- What are some of the safety hazards or situations in the horticulture industry?

Set:

Since in this lesson, germination and seeds are discussed, the teacher will set up a demonstration. The items needed are: soybeans, clean glass jar (pickle jar works), sand, and warm water. The teacher will ask the students to get out a piece of paper and write a hypothesis for what they believe will happen when 2/3 of the jar is filled with soybeans, 1/3 of the jar is filled with sand, and the remaining space is filled with warm water.

By the end of the period the turgid pressure from the seeds absorption of water will cause the glass jar to crack.

Transition (Use Objective):

Today we will be discussing seeds, germination, root systems, and plant structure relative to pruning. Without the seeds and plant we would not have stems to be able to prune. We will be working in the greenhouse planting seeds, and identifying the parts of those seeds.

1. Explain the functions of a seed

2. Identify the major parts of a seed

3. Prepare soil for seed germination and discuss germination of seeds in growing medium

4. Describe the major function of root system to support the entire plant

5. Describe the necessary functions of trees relative to photosynthesis and pruning

Strategy – Includes Teacher Activity, Student Activity, Questions/Answers and Objectives

Subject Matter Outline/Problem and Solution (Application Points Lace in Throughout Lesson) (Modeling, Guided Practice, and Content)

Objective #1

Students will be asked to write down notes on seeds and germination

(Q) What is the function of a seed?

(A) Store energy for the new plant. It is the bridge from one plant generation to the next

(Q) What is the embryo?

(A) The new plant

Seed Functions

A seed has several functions and advantages:

1. Contains the embryo which will grow into the new plant.

2. Contains a food source to nourish the embryo until it is able to start making its own food.

3. Has a seed coat to protect the embryo and food source.

4. Can remain dormant until conditions are right for germination and growth.

Objective #2

The teacher will have the drawing of a monocot seed and a dicot seed.

The parts of the seeds will not be labeled and the students will try their best to fill in the blank spots.

(Q) What makes monocots different from dicots?

(A) Cotyledon

(Q) What is a cotyledon?

(A) A leaf of a plant embryo, being the first or one of the first to appear from a sprouting seed

The teacher will have both a

Seed Parts

A

seed consists of three main parts: the seed coat, the endosperm, and the embryo. Of these parts, the embryo is clearly the most important. Its cells will differentiate and develop into all the different tissues that will ultimately make up the mature plant. The other parts of the seed play merely supporting roles. These roles, nonetheless, are critical to the embryo's success.

Dicots are seeds that have two parts, such as a bean seed. A bean seed that has soaked in water for a day or two has a soft outside covering. This is the seed coat. The seed coat would probably slip off the seed easily. The bean seed has a slit going down the middle of the seed. Inside is a tiny plant called an embryo. The two large parts of the seeds are called cotyledons.

monocot and dicot example seeds to show students the difference between monocots and dicots.

The easiest seeds to use are the corn seed and the bean seed.

If seeds are allowed to soak the night before they will be easier to open

(Q) What is the purpose of the seed coat?

(A) Protect the seed

Teacher will talk about each part of a seed and label the diagrams on the whiteboard for students to follow in their notes.

They supply the food for the young plant when it's growing. The bean seed has two parts. Therefore, it is a dicotyledon , or dicot for short.

The seed coat protects the internal parts of the seed during a period called dormancy, prior to germination. Dormancy is a protected state during which a seed "waits" for favorable growing conditions. Indeed, the seed coats of some seeds allow them to wait a very long time. The oldest known viable seeds were from an East Indian lotus. They were 466 years old when they germinated.

Objective #3

(Q) Does anyone know what germination is?

(A) Germination is when water “triggers” the growth and expansion of the embryo seed.

(Q) How is seed growth measured?

(A) It is measured in millimeters.

(Q) When does germination end?

(A) It ends once the seed has begun to sprout.

Students will be asked to bring out a piece of paper to begin

Germination

Germination usually begins when the embryo is exposed to water. The water swells the embryo inside, bursting the seed coat and setting growth into motion. During the earliest phase of growth, when the embryo has no leaves and therefore no means of photosynthesis, the endosperm serves as a food source. It serves the same function as the yolk in a bird egg, providing high-energy food to the developing embryo.It ends once the seed has begun to sprout.

What factors affect germination?Temperature, Water, sunlight, time, space, etc.

What can increase/decrease germination? To Increase Germination put the seed in the correct amount of light, water, and temperature. To decrease it you can decrease the amount of sunlight, and raise or lower the temperature or amount of water

The steps of seed germination when planting indoors are:

Viable seeds- Good seeds that are not hollow, and are

writing down ways to increase germination and factors which would decrease germination.

Students will be assigned to a seed packet. They will have to answer questions related to reading the seed packet.

Q: What is the expiration date on the packet?

Q: Why is there an expiration date?

A: Because seeds will expire and will not be as likely to germinate

After the reading activity, students will get a demonstration from the teacher on filling the seed trays, planting their seeds, and leaving in greenhouse.

Students will mark seedling trays in order to record and watch germination rates

not so old that germination rates are poor. Some seed can remain viable for years if stored properly. Others normally last only a season in storage.

Soil- A good, seed starting mixture that is light and sterilized.

Water- The soil should be moist, but not soaked. Warmth- Here is where growers can add to their

success. The ideal seed starting temperatures vary by type of seed. Most are between 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

1. Plant the seeds. New gardeners have a habit of planting seeds too deep. We recommend planting seeds a little less than the recommended depth. You can carefully add soil around the seedlings at a later point if needed.

2. Provide bottom warmth to the seeds. We will do this step by placing the seeds in a warm greenhouse

3. If you are planting tomato seeds, place the seeds in a plastic bag so that the condensations will keep the soil moisture up.

4. Now the wait begins! The time required to germinate may be a few days to a few weeks. Germination time varies widely. It can usually be found on the seed packet. For seeds with a long germination period, plant in smaller groups over a couple of weeks. This way if the first group does not germinate, you won't be waiting three weeks to find out and before starting a new planting.

Objective #4

(Q) What is the function of the root system?

(A) Support the plant (Tap), provide nutrients, food source (Fibrous)

Students will complete their tree worksheet which contains information on root systems relative to plant structure and support

Function of Root System

The major functions of roots are: 1) anchorage in soil; 2) storage of energy resources such as the carrot and sugar beet; 3) absorption of water and minerals from the soil; and 4) conduction of water and minerals to and from the shoot. The roots store the food (energy resources) of the plant. The food is either used by the roots themselves or digested, and the products of digestion are transported back up through the phloem to the above-ground portions of the plant. The roots of some plants are harvested as food for human consumption. Plant hormones are synthesized in the meristematic regions of the roots and transported upward in the xylem to the aerial part of the plant to stimulate growth and development.

Objective #5

(Q) What is the function of the trunk of a tree?

(A) Supports the tree

(Q) What do you think the purpose of the breathing pores on trees are for?

(A) So the tree or plant can take in oxygen

(Q) What do you think happens when fires come through the area and smoke surrounds the tree for a long period of time?

(A) Kills the tree

Students are still filling in their tree activity sheet through this presentation and to follow along with the teacher

(Q) What is the purpose of the crown of the tree?

(A) Leaves bring in photosynthesis

(Q) Where on the tree is air brought in?

(A) Allover, especially on the underside of leaves

Tree Functions

(Q) When we are pruning trees which part of the plant are we usually removing?

(A) The top of the tree or crown

Closure/Summary/Conclusion (Tie in Objectives)

To close the lesson on seeds, trees, and germination. Students will have a discussion about what they have learned.

1. Explain the functions of a seed beginning of new life, starts new plant

2. Identify the major parts of a seed see the pages before, cotyledon, epicotyl, etc

3. Prepare soil for seed germination and discuss germination of seeds in growing medium

4. Describe the major function of root system to support the entire plant support and nutrient uptake for plants to be able to live, provide oxygen and water to plant

5. Describe the necessary functions of trees relative to photosynthesis and pruning leaves take in photosynthesis and the importance of trees is to know when and where to prune trees so as not to ruin the natural shape on accident

Evaluation: (Authentic forms of Evaluation, Quizzes, or Written Exam)

A verbal check for understanding will be facilitated by the teacher.- What is the function of a seed?- What is the difference between monocot and dicot seeds?- What is germination?- How does the root system of a tree work?- What is the function of the crown in a tree?

Assignments: (Student Activities Involved in Lesson/Designed to Meet Objectives) 1. Daily Calendar2. Tree Worksheet3. Seed Packet Information Sheet4. Monocot vs. Dicot Drawing

Lesson Reflection

The anticipatory set for this lesson, engaged the entire class about seed germination. I was surprised by the interest in the glass jar. When the jar finally cracked close to the end of the period, the students were able to explain to me exactly why that happened. I used the seed packet reading activity because I wanted students to be able to understand the importance of all of the information on those packets. Most students had trouble with a couple of the questions and as a class we reviewed the importance of the reading the seed packet thoroughly before planting.

Students really liked going out into the greenhouse and planting seeds. I began asking students to keep notes on the germination of their seeds. I gave student 3-4 minutes outside at the end of the period to collect that data.