LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE Grade 8DISEASES RESULTING FROM NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

February 12, 2015

I. OBJECTIVES:At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:A. Compare the characteristics of a healthy and malnourished child;B. Identify the food sources of the essential nutrients and its functions;C. Determine the signs and symptoms and diseases resulting from nutritional

deficiencies;D. Appreciate foods that are low-cost but with high nutritive value;E. Construct worthwhile informational posters that will serve as an awareness to the

diseases presented

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

Topic: Diseases Resulting From Nutritional DeficiencyReference: Practical Science Concepts and Skills; Science Learner’s ModulePages: 120-123; 314-315Author: Luisito EvangelistaMaterials: Visual Aids, Charts, Pictures and Illustrations, Chalk, Board, EraserValues Integration: Giving importance to the scheme of a well- balanced diet

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s ActivityA. PRELIMINARY ROUTINE

Good afternoon/morning class.Before we start, please arrange your chairs and pick up the pieces of papers or any dirt near you or under your chair.Are we all ready?Please stand everyone and let us pray.Tina, kindly lead the Opening Prayer.Alright, everyone, you may now take your seat.May I request the class monitor/ group secretaries to please check the attendance.

B. MOTIVATION

Before we start our lesson, I would like you to take a look at these two pictures.What can you say about them?What can you say about this picture (healthy child)?How about this one (malnourished child)?

Good afternoon/morning Ma’am.

Yes, Ma’am.In the name of the Father…

(The students will take a look and scrutinize the pictures.)

Very good. What do you notice with the tire of the wheel?

Therefore, this morning/ afternoon we will discuss about the diseases resulting from nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances.

What comes into your mind when the body’s nutritional needs are not adequately met?

What do you think will happen if you come to ingest certain harmful substances unknowingly? How would you feel?

C. ACTIVITYLet us have an activity:

A healthy child at the center.A malnourish child.A person with hepatitis.A person who manifest yellowish skin discoloration.A child with sore lips and tongue.

The tire of the wheel consists of the pictures of the people experiencing diseases that result from lack of foods and because of poisoning.

The person will be thin, pale, unable to perform activities, sickly

I think I would be in panic. I will ask for help for people to provide me with first aid or rush me to the nearest hospital.

Nutrients Food sources Role in the Body Deficiency signs & symptoms

CarbohydratesProteinFatsVitamins and Minerals

I will group you into three groups and work on this activity.On the 1st learning station, Group 1 will label food sources.On the 2nd learning station, Group 2 will label the functions.And on the 3rd learning station, Group 3 will label the deficiency signs and symptoms.

Okay class. Are you ready?

Kindly proceed to your designated group, I will give you 10 minutes to perform the activity.

Are you ready to present the activity?

Good! The first group will present their work.

Very good! The second group will now present

Yes, Ma’am.

Yes, Ma’am.

their work.

Great! Finally, the third group will now share their work.

Excellent! Now, let us give each group a “Barangay Clap.”

D. ANALYSISNow, we will check if you got it all correct.

Nutrients Food sources Role in the Body Deficiency signs & symptoms

Carbohydrates Bread, rice, wheat, oats, corn, fruits potatoes, beans, milk

ENERGY- GIVING Foods Body weakness, loss of stamina

Protein Meats, eggs, fish, dairy products(milk, yogurt and cheese), beans, nuts

BODY BUILDING Foods Growth failure, muscle wasting, thin limbs, wrinkled face

Fats Meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, olive oil, animal products

Can be used as energy and protects us from cold

Dry, scaly skin, dry eyes, mouth & throat, excessive thirst, craves for fats

VitaminsVitamin A(Carotene)

Green and yellow vegetables, egg yolk, milk, fish

Fostering normal vision and skin; normal growth and proper development of bones and teeth

Skin that is prone to infection, night blindness, stunted growth, defective reproduction

Vitamin B1(Thiamin)

Eggs, nuts, green vegetables, meat. Soybeans, milk

Normal appetite and functioning of the nervous system; muscles and heart; oxidation of foods

Beriberi

Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)

Meat, milk, fish, eggs, liver, whole grain, leafy vegetables

Healthy skin, functioning of the eyes; oxidation of foods

Inflammation (soreness and swelling) of the tongue and lips

Vitamin B3(Niacin)

Tomatoes, potatoes, meat, fish liver, eggs, whole grain, leafy vegetables

Healthy skin; proper functioning of the nervous system, stomach, intestines

Pellagra

Vitamin B12(Cobalamin)

Liver, kidney, fish, green vegetables

Normal action of the nervous system, normal blood formation and growth

Pernicious anemia and disorders of the nervous system

Vitamin C(Ascorbic Acid)

Citrus fruits, fresh tomatoes, leafy green vegetables

For growth, strength of blood vessels development of teeth, health of gums

Disease of the gums called scurvy

Vitamin D(Calciferol)

Milk, eggs, liver, fish-liver oil

For normal growth and condition of teeth and bones

It can result to soft bones called rickets

Vitamin E Whole grain, meat, leafy vegetables; milk, butter

Normal production Problems on the reproductive system

Vitamin K Leafy green vegetables, egg yolk, milk

Normal blood clotting Hemorrhage in minor wounds

Minerals Dairy foods, green leafy vegetables, fish, milk,

Building of bones and teeth, blood clotting,

Stunted growth, tooth decay, bone and muscle

eggs, poultry, liver, kidney, table salt, drinking water

conduction of nerve and signals and acid-base balance

weaknesses, cramps, anemia, diarrhea, dehydration

Your answers are all correct.

I have here the different diseases caused by nutritional deficiency based from your answers.

Nutrients Deficiency signs & symptoms DiseasesCarbohydrates Body weakness, loss of stamina Usage of fat as fuel; ketosis; low

blood sugars; underweight; marasmus

Protein Growth failure, muscle wasting, thin limbs, wrinkled face

Kwashiorkor; marasmus

Fats Dry, scaly skin, dry eyes, mouth & throat, excessive thirst, craves for fats

Cardio-vascular diseases, mental health conditions, inflammatory conditions

VitaminsVitamin A(Carotene)

Skin that is prone to infection, night blindness, stunted growth, defective reproduction

Nyctalopia (night blindness)

Vitamin B1(Thiamin)

Loss of appetite, indigestion, fatigue nerve irritability, heart failure

Beriberi

Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)

Inflammation (soreness and swelling) of the tongue and lips

Corneal vascularization, glossitis, dermatitis, cheilosis, anemia

Vitamin B3(Niacin)

Indigestion, canker sores, fatigue, vomiting, depression

Pellagra

Vitamin B12(Cobalamin)

Skin paleness, muscle weakness, change in intestinal color, fatigue, chest pain

Pernicious anemia and disorders of the nervous system

Vitamin C(Ascorbic Acid)

Slow wound healing, bleeding, failure to form connective tissue

Disease of the gums called scurvy

Vitamin D(Calciferol)

Defects in bone formation It can result to soft bones called rickets

Vitamin E(tocopherol)

Fragile red blood cells, muscular weakness Problems in reproductive system

Vitamin K Internal bleeding Hemorrhagic diseases

Minerals Stunted growth, tooth decay, bone and muscle weaknesses, cramps, anemia, diarrhea, dehydration

The following are other diseases of the digestive system:

1. Colon and rectal cancer2. Stomach cancer3. Diarrhea4. Heartburn5. Hepatitis6. Stomach and duodenal ulcer

The following are other diseases that result from ingestion of harmful substances:

1. Chemical Poisoning. This is caused by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of

harmful substances by the body. These chemicals can cause damage to the cells and organs, affecting the whole body systems.

Can you cite the common chemicals that can cause poisoning?

Alright. You got it right. The two most common harmful chemicals are the mercury and lead. What do you think can be the possible symptoms when you have ingested these harmful chemicals?

The answers of yours were all correct. It can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting and memory loss.

E. ABSTRACTIONUpon knowing all these information about nutritional deficiencies and the ingestion of harmful substances, can you pause for a moment and reflect with the consequences of an unhealthy diet and improper labeling and storage of harmful substances. At least 1 to share every group?

Thank you.With all these remarkable realizations of yours, I will let you construct an informational poster regarding the diseases that we have mentioned so that other students, teachers and parents of this school will be aware of the necessary group of foods to be eaten.

F. APPLICATION

Write the correct answer:

1. It is caused by the ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of harmful substances by the body.

2. It is the disease that is caused by deficiency in vitamin D manifested by soft bones and bone deformation.

3. It is the nutrient that can be used as energy and can protect the human body from cold season.

4. Give me the four symptoms when a person have ingested/ inhaled harmful substances/ pollutants.

5. What can be the manifestation of a person if he is lacking vitamin D in his diet?

6. This nutrient is essential in building muscles for

Lead.Mercury.Gas.

It can cause headache.It can manifest vomiting.Maybe it can deteriorate brain functions?

Group 1. It is very significant to be familiarized with the essential nutrients that our body needs. So that, we can prevent such diseases.

GROUP 2. We became aware of the diseases, so that, we can disseminate this in our school, at our homes and in the community.

Group 3.

Answer: Chemical Poisoning

Answer: Rickets

Answer: Fats

Answer: headaches, nausea, vomiting, memory loss

Answer: Hemorrhage/ bleeding

Answer: Protein

growth.7. Give at least 3 foods that are rich in protein? Answer: Meat, fish, eggs

IV. EVALUATION

Find out by accomplishing the scoring rubric honestly and sincerely.

V. ASSIGNMENT/ AGREEMENT1. Read on how to prevent, detect and treat the diseases that result from nutritional deficiency

and ingestion of harmful substances.2. Cite ways on how to prevent, detect and treat those diseases.

Reference: Practical Science Concepts and SkillsPages: 117-120

Prepared by:

KATHY CLAIRE P. BALLEGA

LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE Grade 8

DISEASES RESULTING FROM NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY AND INGESTION OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES

February 12, 2015

I. OBJECTIVES:At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:1. identify diseases brought by nutritional deficiency and

ingestion of harmful diseases2. explain how nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful

substances results from diseases3. construct health information poster that will serve as an

awareness to the diseases caused by nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

TOPIC: Diseases Resulting from Nutritional Deficiency and Ingestion of harmful substances

REFERENCE: Practical Science Concepts and Skills; Science Learner’s Module

Pages: 120-123; 314-315AUTHOR: Luisito EvangelistaMATERIALS: Visual Aids, Charts, Pictures and Illustrations, chalk,

board, eraserVALUES INTEGRATION: Giving importance to the scheme of a

well- balanced diet.

III. LEARNING TASKS:

A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES: Greetings Opening prayer Checking of attendance Checking of assignment Recall

B. UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES: Disease- an impairment of the normal state of the living body. Nutritional deficiency- occurs when the body doesn’t absorb

the necessary amount of a nutrient. Ingestion- the taking of material into the digestive system Harmful substances- a chemical that causes one to become

sick.

C. MOTIVATION:Present the “ WHEEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS” to the class. Let

them analyze the pictures on the wheel.

D. ACTIVITY:Divide the class into five groups and fill in the table with the needed data.

DISEASES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

1. Kwashiorkor Body weakness2. marasmus Protein3. nyctalopia Night blindness4. beri-beri Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)5. swelling in the

tongue6. pellagra Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

7. Pernicious Anemia

Pale skin

8. Spongy and bleeding gums

9. rickets Vitamin D (Calciferol)10. Hemorrhag

eBleeding in wounds

Nausea, vomiting, headache

Ingestion of harmful substances such as lead, mercury.

E. ANALYSIS:

Lead the learners to the discussion on the different diseases, its signs and symptoms and how nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances affects one’s health. Thoroughly discuss also the importance of healthy lifestyle and proper diet.

E. ABSTRACTION:Let the students reflect on the consequences of an unhealthy

diet and improper labeling and storage of harmful substances.

F. APPLICATION:Have the students construct a health information poster that will

serve as awareness to the diseases caused by nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances.

IV. EVALUATION:Identify what is being asked by the following statements. White your answer on a ¼ sheet of paper.1. It is a disease caused by deficiency in vitamin D manifested

by soft bones and bone deformation.2. It is caused by the ingestion, inhalation or absorption of

harmful substances by the body.3. Lack of ___________ in one’s diet likely results to nyctopia.4. A ____________that lacks essential nutrients generally causes

nutritional deficiencies. 5. A disease characterized by a blush coloration of the skin (seen

on hands, feet, lips).

V. AGREEMENT:

1. Cite ways on how to detect and treat diseases resulting from nutritional deficiency.

Reference:

Practical Science Concepts and Skills

Pages: 117-120

Prepared by:

KATHY CLAIRE P. BALLEGA

DISEASES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

1. Kwashiorkor Body weakness Carbohydrate2. marasmus Severe muscle

wastingProtein

3. nyctalopia Night blindness Vitamin A4. beri-beri Blush coloration of

the skin (seen on hands, feet, lips)

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

5. glossitis swelling in the tongue

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

6. pellagra thick, scaly pigmented rash on skin exposed to sunlight

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

7. Pernicious Anemia

Pale skin Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

8. scurvy Spongy and bleeding gums

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

9. rickets Skeletal deformities Vitamin D (Calciferol)10. Hemorrhag

eBleeding in wounds Vitamin K

(Phytomenadione)11. Chemical

poisoningNausea, vomiting, headache

Ingestion of harmful substances such as lead, mercury.

UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES: Disease- an impairment of the normal state of the living body. Nutritional deficiency- occurs when the body doesn’t absorb

the necessary amount of a nutrient. Ingestion- the taking of material into the digestive system Harmful substances- a chemical that causes one to become

sick.