Lesson 7 The Age Of Miracle Chips. Objectives of Teaching 1. To comprehend the whole text 2. To lean...

Lesson 7Lesson 7

The Age Of The Age Of

Miracle ChipsMiracle Chips

Objectives of TeachingObjectives of Teaching1.1. To comprehend the whole textTo comprehend the whole text

2.2. To lean and master the vocabulary and To lean and master the vocabulary and expressionsexpressions

3.3. To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences

4.4. To understand the structure of the textTo understand the structure of the text

5.5. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.passage.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 1. transform: to change completely 1. transform: to change completely

in form, appearance, or naturein form, appearance, or nature• trans: across, beyond, on / to the trans: across, beyond, on / to the

other sideother side• transformer warriortransformer warrior• 2. quite:2. quite:• a. rather, fairly, pretty, verya. rather, fairly, pretty, very• quite good / small, etcquite good / small, etc

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• b. completely, absolutely, perfectly b. completely, absolutely, perfectly

(when the adjective it modifies has no (when the adjective it modifies has no relative or superlative degrees)relative or superlative degrees)

• I am quite ready to go.I am quite ready to go.

• The dog is not quite dead.The dog is not quite dead.

• You are quite right.You are quite right.

• If you want to do it alone, that's quite If you want to do it alone, that's quite all right with me.all right with me.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• I don't quite know how to answer I don't quite know how to answer the question.the question.

•He has not quite finished his job.He has not quite finished his job.•He is not quite the man he thought He is not quite the man he thought

he washe was•c. (as an answer) agreed, certainly, c. (as an answer) agreed, certainly,

that's right.that's right.•““It's a delicate problem.”It's a delicate problem.”•““Quite.”Quite.”

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• ““It's a difficult situation.”It's a difficult situation.”

• ““Quite so.”Quite so.”

• d. Placed in front of the article when it d. Placed in front of the article when it is followed by a nounis followed by a noun

• That's quite a good film.That's quite a good film.

• You are going quite the wrong way.You are going quite the wrong way.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• Fairly, quite, rather, pretty are Fairly, quite, rather, pretty are

comparable.comparable.

• Not nice Not nice

• fairly nice fairly nice

• quite nice quite nice

• rather/pretty nice rather/pretty nice • very nice very nice

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• Special AttentionSpecial Attention::

• a. only a. only RATHERRATHER can go together with can go together with comparative degrees and the word comparative degrees and the word TOO.TOO.

• rather warmerrather warmer

• She is rather too sure of herselfShe is rather too sure of herself

• *fairly warmer*fairly warmer

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• b. b. QUITE and RATHERQUITE and RATHER can be used in can be used in

front of an article and with verbs while front of an article and with verbs while PRETTYPRETTY and and FAIRLYFAIRLY can not. can not.

• quite quite aa nice day / rather nice day / rather aa pity pity

• aa pretty nice day / pretty nice day / aa fairly strong man fairly strong man

• I don’t quite understand you.I don’t quite understand you.

• He is not quite a gentleman.He is not quite a gentleman.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 3. stylize: to be in agreement to a 3. stylize: to be in agreement to a

typical styletypical style

• the highly stylized form of acting in the highly stylized form of acting in Beijing OperaBeijing Opera

• The chip looks like a rug of typical The chip looks like a rug of typical Navaho style.Navaho style.

• 4. aerial: in, of, from or concerning 4. aerial: in, of, from or concerning the airthe air

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 5. switching yard (also switch yard): 5. switching yard (also switch yard):

area where railway cars are rearranged area where railway cars are rearranged

between lines to make up trains.between lines to make up trains.

• 6. inert: chemically inactive6. inert: chemically inactive ，， without without

power to move or actpower to move or act

• inert gases inert gases

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 7. fleck: a small mark or spot7. fleck: a small mark or spot

• brown cloth with flecks of redbrown cloth with flecks of red

• a fleck of milk on the baby's china fleck of milk on the baby's chin

• 8. powers: general natural abilities8. powers: general natural abilities

• 9. calculating capability: the ability of 9. calculating capability: the ability of

processing complex mathematics processing complex mathematics

problems in large amountsproblems in large amounts

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 10. hulking: massive and clumsy, 10. hulking: massive and clumsy,

heavy and awkwardheavy and awkward

• Caliban of vacuum tubesCaliban of vacuum tubes• his tyrant of a fatherhis tyrant of a father• her doll of a daughterher doll of a daughter• a giant of a soldiera giant of a soldier• a palace of a housea palace of a house

Detailed StudyDetailed Study

• 11. tangle: to become a confused 11. tangle: to become a confused mass of disordered and twisted mass of disordered and twisted threadsthreads– Her hair got all tangled up in Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence. the barbed wire fence. Detailed StudyDetailed Study

– His financial affairs are in His financial affairs are in such a tangle. such a tangle.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 12. evolve: (cause to) develop naturally 12. evolve: (cause to) develop naturally

and (usu) graduallyand (usu) gradually

• He has evolved a new theory after He has evolved a new theory after

many years of research.many years of research.

• Man has evolved from lower forms of Man has evolved from lower forms of

life.life.

• The Theory of EvolutionThe Theory of Evolution

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 13. versatile: having many different 13. versatile: having many different kinds of skill or ability, all-sidedkinds of skill or ability, all-sided

• a versatile cook, writera versatile cook, writer• a versatile drill, trucka versatile drill, truck• He is a versatile teacher, he teaches well He is a versatile teacher, he teaches well

English, Chinese, Mathematics, P.E. English, Chinese, Mathematics, P.E. Music, etc.Music, etc.

• He is a versatile husband--- a nice cook, He is a versatile husband--- a nice cook, a dish washer, a washing machine and a dish washer, a washing machine and also a vacuum cleaneralso a vacuum cleaner..

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 14. convenient: suited to one's needs14. convenient: suited to one's needs

• Come whenever it is convenient to you.Come whenever it is convenient to you.

• 16. acquire: to get for oneself, to gain or 16. acquire: to get for oneself, to gain or come into possession ofcome into possession of

• He acquired a knowledge of the language He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study.by careful study.

• With the money he had won he was able With the money he had won he was able to acquire some property.to acquire some property.

• Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 17.The miracle chip represents a 17.The miracle chip represents a

development in the technology of development in the technology of mankind that…mankind that…

• The miracle chip symbolizes a The miracle chip symbolizes a breakthrough in the development of breakthrough in the development of human technology. In the past few human technology. In the past few years this breakthrough has gained years this breakthrough has gained great force and significance.great force and significance.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• When we think of the force and When we think of the force and

significance of the miracle chip, we significance of the miracle chip, we realize that in the development of realize that in the development of technology there are only two other technology there are only two other developments that can be compared developments that can be compared with it, namely the development of with it, namely the development of hand tools and that of the steam hand tools and that of the steam engine.engine.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 17. take over: to gain control over and 17. take over: to gain control over and

responsibility for sth. or sb.responsibility for sth. or sb.

• Who will take over now that the captain Who will take over now that the captain has been dismissed?has been dismissed?

• The new governor took over yesterday.The new governor took over yesterday.

• He is taking over my job while I am on He is taking over my job while I am on holiday. holiday.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 18. immense: tremendous, gigantic, 18. immense: tremendous, gigantic,

enormous, titanic enormous, titanic

• 19. range: extent, limits, scope19. range: extent, limits, scope

• to have a wide / narrow range of to have a wide / narrow range of interestsinterests

• The annual range of temperature here The annual range of temperature here is from –5℃ to 40℃is from –5℃ to 40℃

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 20. assume: a. to take up, begin to 20. assume: a. to take up, begin to governgovern

• The new admiral will assume command The new admiral will assume command of the Pacific Fleet.of the Pacific Fleet.

• The prince began to assume power The prince began to assume power when he was only 15.when he was only 15.

• b. to take as true or a factb. to take as true or a fact• Scientists assume that there is no Scientists assume that there is no

animal life on the Mars.animal life on the Mars.• We assume that you understand the We assume that you understand the

situation.situation.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• The Industrial Revolution freed man The Industrial Revolution freed man

from hard physical labour in many from hard physical labour in many fields of work and thus greatly fields of work and thus greatly increased productivity. Now the increased productivity. Now the microcomputer is taking up the tedious microcomputer is taking up the tedious mental work formerly done by the mental work formerly done by the human brain. In this sense, human brain. In this sense, microcomputer is enhancing man's microcomputer is enhancing man's mental capability. mental capability.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 21. burden: heavy load21. burden: heavy load• His sick father has become a burden to His sick father has become a burden to

him.him.• 22. drudgery: hard, boring work22. drudgery: hard, boring work• the endless drudgery of houseworkthe endless drudgery of housework• 23. feat: clever esp. bodily / physical 23. feat: clever esp. bodily / physical

action, showing strength, skill or courage action, showing strength, skill or courage • acrobatic / cycling featsacrobatic / cycling feats• Man's first landing on the moon was a Man's first landing on the moon was a

feat of great daringfeat of great daring..

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 24. execution: the carrying out or 24. execution: the carrying out or

completion of an order or taskcompletion of an order or task

• execute: to carry out, perform, or do execute: to carry out, perform, or do completelycompletely

• The nurse executed the doctor's The nurse executed the doctor's orders.orders.

• This good idea was never put into This good idea was never put into executionexecution..

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• execution: lawful killing as a execution: lawful killing as a

punishmentpunishment

• The execution of the bandits took place The execution of the bandits took place today.today.

• executive: person in a business executive: person in a business organization with administrative or organization with administrative or managerial powersmanagerial powers

• CEO: Chief Executive OfficerCEO: Chief Executive Officer

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 25. Venetian blinds: a window screen made 25. Venetian blinds: a window screen made

of a number of horizontal slats that can be of a number of horizontal slats that can be

raised or lowered with one cordraised or lowered with one cord

• 26. snap: to move so as to cause a sharp 26. snap: to move so as to cause a sharp

sound like something suddenly breaking, sound like something suddenly breaking,

• The stick will snap if you bend it too hard.The stick will snap if you bend it too hard.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• snap open: to open quickly with a snap open: to open quickly with a

sound like breaking sth.sound like breaking sth.

• snap one's fingers: to make a noise by snap one's fingers: to make a noise by

moving the second finger quickly moving the second finger quickly

along the thumbalong the thumb

• to take a snap shotto take a snap shot

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 27. thermostat: apparatus that can 27. thermostat: apparatus that can

regulate heatregulate heat

• thermo-meterthermo-meter

• -electricity-electricity

• -nuclear-nuclear

• thermos bottlethermos bottle

• clinic thermometerclinic thermometer

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 28. boost: increase, raise28. boost: increase, raise• boost imports, production, etc.boost imports, production, etc.• a boost in sales, exports, etc.a boost in sales, exports, etc.• give sb's confidence a boostgive sb's confidence a boost• 9. cozy: cosy, warm and comfortable9. cozy: cosy, warm and comfortable• F: FahrenheitF: Fahrenheit• C: Celsius, CentigradeC: Celsius, Centigrade• 30. blink: (eye) shut & open quickly30. blink: (eye) shut & open quickly

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 31. selective rundown: a detailed report 31. selective rundown: a detailed report of a set of events selected carefullyof a set of events selected carefully

• selective: careful about what you chooseselective: careful about what you choose• He's very selective about the people he He's very selective about the people he

spends time with.spends time with.• This brand of pesticide is a selective This brand of pesticide is a selective

killer.killer.• 32. rundown of sth.: detailed report of a 32. rundown of sth.: detailed report of a

set of eventsset of events• I want a complete run-down on the I want a complete run-down on the

present situation in Iraq.present situation in Iraq.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 33. affect: to influence, to cause some 33. affect: to influence, to cause some

change inchange in

• The amount of rain affects the growth of The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.crops.

• Smoking affects health.Smoking affects health.

• There was some gossip to the effect that There was some gossip to the effect that she might not be recruited, but that she might not be recruited, but that could not affect confidence.could not affect confidence.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• cf:cf:• effect: to cause, produce or have as a effect: to cause, produce or have as a

resultresult• I will effect my purpose: no one shall I will effect my purpose: no one shall

stop me.stop me.• We hope to effect an improvement.We hope to effect an improvement.• A single glass of brandy may effect his A single glass of brandy may effect his

recovery.recovery.

• Both words have the same noun: Both words have the same noun:

Effect.Effect.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 34. snug: if you feel snug, you are very 34. snug: if you feel snug, you are very

warm and comfortable esp. when you warm and comfortable esp. when you are protected from the cold weatherare protected from the cold weather

• sitting snug sitting snug • 5. abed:5. abed:• a: away, from, of, on, in, upa: away, from, of, on, in, up• aaboard: on boardboard: on board • aadrift: afloat without controldrift: afloat without control

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 36. issue: send sth. out; make sth. known36. issue: send sth. out; make sth. known• to issue orders, instructions, etc.to issue orders, instructions, etc.• The minister issued a statement to the preThe minister issued a statement to the pre

ss.ss.• issue visas to foreign visitorsissue visas to foreign visitors• issue warm clothing to the earthquake surissue warm clothing to the earthquake sur

vivorsvivors• issue books, stamps, bank-notes, sharesissue books, stamps, bank-notes, shares

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 37. memo: memorandum, note or 37. memo: memorandum, note or

record for future record for future

• 38. saunter: walk in a unhurriedly way, 38. saunter: walk in a unhurriedly way, at a leisurely paceat a leisurely pace

• This word differs from This word differs from wanderwander in that it in that it stress carefree and leisure pace while stress carefree and leisure pace while the latter lays emphasis in aimless and the latter lays emphasis in aimless and absence of a fixed purpose or courseabsence of a fixed purpose or course


• 39. read-out: the information 39. read-out: the information removed from a computer and removed from a computer and displayed (here, on the screen)displayed (here, on the screen)


• 40. commandeer: to place an order, 40. commandeer: to place an order, to seize sth. (esp. private property) to seize sth. (esp. private property) for esp. military usefor esp. military use

• The policeman commandeered a taxi The policeman commandeered a taxi to chase the robbers.to chase the robbers.

• During the battle, all the houses along During the battle, all the houses along the river bank were commandeered.the river bank were commandeered.


• 41. terminal: an apparatus by which a 41. terminal: an apparatus by which a user can give instructions to and get user can give instructions to and get information from a computer. Here a information from a computer. Here a controlling boardcontrolling board

• 42. recipe: a set of instructions for 42. recipe: a set of instructions for making sth. from various ingredientsmaking sth. from various ingredients

• a recipe for moon cakesa recipe for moon cakes

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 43. ingredient: sth. which is a component 43. ingredient: sth. which is a component

part of any combination or mixture, part of any combination or mixture, elementelement

• Flour and fat are the most important Flour and fat are the most important ingredients in baking.ingredients in baking.

• What ingredients went into the soup?What ingredients went into the soup?

• Imagination and hard work are the Imagination and hard work are the ingredients of success.ingredients of success.


• 44. serving: helping, the amount of 44. serving: helping, the amount of food for one personfood for one person

• This recipe will be enough for four This recipe will be enough for four servings. servings.


• 45. Byzantine art and architecture 45. Byzantine art and architecture

include not only works done in the city include not only works done in the city

of Byzantium after it became the of Byzantium after it became the

capital of the Roman Empire (A.D.330), capital of the Roman Empire (A.D.330),

but also work done under Byzantine but also work done under Byzantine

influence, as in Italy, Syria, Greece, influence, as in Italy, Syria, Greece,

Russia, and other Eastern countries.Russia, and other Eastern countries.


• 46. conjugation: the way verbs change 46. conjugation: the way verbs change their forms in accordance with number, their forms in accordance with number, person, mood, voice and tenseperson, mood, voice and tense

• verb conjugation: the different inflectional verb conjugation: the different inflectional (inflexional) forms of verbs, such as do, (inflexional) forms of verbs, such as do, does, did, done & etc. does, did, done & etc.

• 47. groovy: (sl.) very good, pleasing, 47. groovy: (sl.) very good, pleasing, deeply satisfyingdeeply satisfying


• 48. Herbert George Wells (1866-48. Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), the son of a gardener and a 1946), the son of a gardener and a lady’s maid, He went to the Normal lady’s maid, He went to the Normal School of Science in London and School of Science in London and studied biology under Professor studied biology under Professor Thomas Henry Huxley, the principal Thomas Henry Huxley, the principal exponent in England of Darwin's exponent in England of Darwin's Theory of Evolution. Theory of Evolution.


• By 1895, he had published By 1895, he had published The Time The Time MachineMachine, the , the Wonderful VisitWonderful Visit and a volume and a volume of short stories. These made Wells the of short stories. These made Wells the pioneer of science fiction in the world.pioneer of science fiction in the world.

• Among his works, besides the above Among his works, besides the above mentioned, mentioned, The Invisible Man, The War of The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, The First Men in the Moonthe Worlds, The First Men in the Moon and and The War in the AirThe War in the Air are outstanding. are outstanding.


• 49. matutinal: of, occurring in, the 49. matutinal: of, occurring in, the morningmorning

• 50. scenario: a written description of 50. scenario: a written description of the action to take place in a film, the action to take place in a film, play, etc.play, etc.

• a description of a situationa description of a situation


• 51. bar: to block51. bar: to block

• to bar the way to the city to bar the way to the city

• barring: (colloq.) without, excepting, if there barring: (colloq.) without, excepting, if there is / are notis / are not

• The whole group was at the party, barring The whole group was at the party, barring John.John.

• We shall return at midnight, barring accidents.We shall return at midnight, barring accidents.


• 52. proceed: go to a further or the next 52. proceed: go to a further or the next

stage; go onstage; go on

• Work is proceeding slowly.Work is proceeding slowly.

• Having said how much she liked it, she then Having said how much she liked it, she then

proceeded to criticize the way I had done it.proceeded to criticize the way I had done it.

• Please proceed with your report.Please proceed with your report.


• 53. thanks to: because of, owing to53. thanks to: because of, owing to

• It was thanks to your stupidity that we It was thanks to your stupidity that we

lost the game.lost the game.

• Thanks to his efforts, ...Thanks to his efforts, ...

• Thanks to the doctor, I am well again.Thanks to the doctor, I am well again.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 54. shoulder54. shoulder

• to shoulder responsibilityto shoulder responsibility

• to shoulder the burden of the familyto shoulder the burden of the family

• to shoulder a gun, a load, the basket...to shoulder a gun, a load, the basket...

• He shouldered his way through the He shouldered his way through the

crowd.crowd.


• 55. array: large number55. array: large number

• An array of things or people is a large An array of things or people is a large number of different things or people, esp. number of different things or people, esp. when they are impressive or attractivewhen they are impressive or attractive

• face a whole array of problems / new face a whole array of problems / new responsibilitiesresponsibilities

• a distinguished array of world leaders and a distinguished array of world leaders and statesmen statesmen


• 56. consume: use (sth) up56. consume: use (sth) up• consume resources, time, etc. consume resources, time, etc. • The car consumes a. lot of fuel.The car consumes a. lot of fuel.• He soon consumed his fortune (ie spent the mHe soon consumed his fortune (ie spent the m

oney wastefully).oney wastefully).• The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.


• consumer consumer （（ ant. producerant. producer ））

• consumer rights, protection, etcconsumer rights, protection, etc• consumer goodsconsumer goods• consumer durablesconsumer durables• Consumerism is the campaign for the protecConsumerism is the campaign for the protec

tion of consumers’ interests.tion of consumers’ interests.


• 57. 57. promise: say that sth. is certain, give promise: say that sth. is certain, give

the cause for expectingthe cause for expecting

• Winter is already here, and promises to be Winter is already here, and promises to be

a most severe one.a most severe one.

• The new measures of reform promises to The new measures of reform promises to

accelerate the development of production.accelerate the development of production.


• 58. ease: to take away pain or worry, 58. ease: to take away pain or worry, to make more comfortableto make more comfortable

• The aspirin eased his headache.The aspirin eased his headache.

• They are trying to find a way to ease They are trying to find a way to ease the conflict.the conflict.

• The meeting might ease the tense The meeting might ease the tense situation in north Korea.situation in north Korea.


• 59. enhance: to increase (good things 59. enhance: to increase (good things

such as value, power, or beauty); to such as value, power, or beauty); to

hightenhighten

• to enhance one’s political consciousnessto enhance one’s political consciousness

• The moonlight enhanced the beauty of The moonlight enhanced the beauty of

the scene.the scene.


• With this microelectronic revolution, it With this microelectronic revolution, it

becomes certain that life will be more becomes certain that life will be more

comfortable, that the quality of life will be comfortable, that the quality of life will be

improved, and that life will be much improved, and that life will be much

simpler.simpler.


• 60. routine: conventional, regular60. routine: conventional, regular• routine medical examinationroutine medical examination• 61. chore: burden, daily necessary job, esp. 61. chore: burden, daily necessary job, esp.

in a house or on a farmin a house or on a farm• Each morning she would get up, do the Each morning she would get up, do the

chores, then go next door for a talk with her chores, then go next door for a talk with her neighbour.neighbour.

• It's a chore to do the shopping everyday! It's a chore to do the shopping everyday!


• 62. efficient: a. (of man) able to work well; 62. efficient: a. (of man) able to work well; capable b. (of tools or systems, etc) capable b. (of tools or systems, etc) producing a satisfactory result without producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or energywasting time or energy

• an efficient secretary, administrator, etcan efficient secretary, administrator, etc• He's efficient at his job.He's efficient at his job.• Email is a quick and efficient way of Email is a quick and efficient way of

contacting people.contacting people.• efficiency efficiency


• 63. enrich: to make rich, to improve 63. enrich: to make rich, to improve

by adding sth.by adding sth.

• The discovery of the gold mine will The discovery of the gold mine will

enrich the district.enrich the district.

• 64. dreary: dull, uninteresting, 64. dreary: dull, uninteresting,

tedious, depressing, cheerlesstedious, depressing, cheerless


• 65. capricious: tending to change abruptly and 65. capricious: tending to change abruptly and

without apparent reasonwithout apparent reason

• A spoiled child is often capricious.A spoiled child is often capricious.

• We can't go camping while the weather is so We can't go camping while the weather is so

capricious.capricious.

• The capricious woman bought and exchanged The capricious woman bought and exchanged

three dresses in a week.three dresses in a week.


• 66. inspiriting: to fill with spirit, to put 66. inspiriting: to fill with spirit, to put spirit, life, courage intospirit, life, courage into

• The great man, by his writings, The great man, by his writings, inspirited the people to resistance.inspirited the people to resistance.

• The morning tea is to inspirit them The morning tea is to inspirit them for the dance. for the dance.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 67. tutorial: a class conducted by a 67. tutorial: a class conducted by a tutor for one or a small number of tutor for one or a small number of studentsstudents

• tutor: a teacher who gives private tutor: a teacher who gives private instruction to a single pupil or a very instruction to a single pupil or a very small class and who sometimes lives small class and who sometimes lives with the family of his pupilwith the family of his pupil

• v: to act as a tutorv: to act as a tutor• tuition: the charge made for this, esp. tuition: the charge made for this, esp.

at a college or private schoolat a college or private school

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 68. astray: off the right path or way68. astray: off the right path or way

• The misleading sign led me astray.The misleading sign led me astray.

• Too much time on the internet may Too much time on the internet may lead young people astray.lead young people astray.

• go astray: to go into the wrong placego astray: to go into the wrong place

• Have you seen my book? It seems to Have you seen my book? It seems to have gone astray.have gone astray.


• 69. virtually: almost, very nearly69. virtually: almost, very nearly

• This word is very close in meaning toThis word is very close in meaning to practically,practically, and and actually actually..

• With the boss out sick, the secretary is With the boss out sick, the secretary is virtually in charge.virtually in charge.

• The king was so much under the The king was so much under the influence of his wife that she was the influence of his wife that she was the virtual ruler of the country.virtual ruler of the country.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 70. transaction: activities that are 70. transaction: activities that are carried out which ordinarily involve the carried out which ordinarily involve the exchange of money, such as purchasingexchange of money, such as purchasing

• credit transaction: buying goods or credit transaction: buying goods or services and paying for them laterservices and paying for them later

• cash transaction: to buy things with cashcash transaction: to buy things with cash• He transacts most of his business by He transacts most of his business by

phone.phone.• The transaction of the deal took several The transaction of the deal took several

days. days.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 71. the microelectronic village: 71. the microelectronic village: • This expression is adapted from "global This expression is adapted from "global

village" which refers to the world we now village" which refers to the world we now live on. Thanks to the fast development live on. Thanks to the fast development of transportation and communication, the of transportation and communication, the world is becoming smaller. People are no world is becoming smaller. People are no longer isolated from each other like longer isolated from each other like before. Thus with these miracle chips, before. Thus with these miracle chips, the world will become so small that it is the world will become so small that it is virtually a small community, or a village.virtually a small community, or a village.


•73. eventually: happening at last 73. eventually: happening at last as a resultas a result

•Eventually we all must die.Eventually we all must die.

•He worked so hard that He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.eventually he made himself ill.


•74. The computer will be as much a 74. The computer will be as much a part of the home as….part of the home as….

•The household computer will be a The household computer will be a part of the home as much as the part of the home as much as the kitchen sink.kitchen sink.

•He is as much an important a He is as much an important a member of our team as the captain.member of our team as the captain.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study • 75. stack: to arrange things in a tidy pile75. stack: to arrange things in a tidy pile• ~ sth (up): make sth into a stack or ~ sth (up): make sth into a stack or

stacks; pile sth upstacks; pile sth up• Please stack your chairs before you Please stack your chairs before you

leave.leave.• stack (up) the dishes on the draining-stack (up) the dishes on the draining-

boardboard

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 76. appliance: a tool or instrument for 76. appliance: a tool or instrument for a particular purpose, esp. an electrical a particular purpose, esp. an electrical machine that is used in the housemachine that is used in the house

• domestic appliance: washing machine, domestic appliance: washing machine, dish washer, vacuum cleaner, etc. dish washer, vacuum cleaner, etc.

• 77. device: thing made or adapted for a sp77. device: thing made or adapted for a special purposeecial purpose

• a device for measuring pressurea device for measuring pressure• a labour-saving devicea labour-saving device

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 78. elicit: (fml) to get or cause to come 78. elicit: (fml) to get or cause to come

out (facts, a response, etc) from sb, out (facts, a response, etc) from sb, sometimes with difficultysometimes with difficulty

• to elicit a replyto elicit a reply

• At last we've elicited the truth from At last we've elicited the truth from him.him.

• He elicited the truth at last, by He elicited the truth at last, by questioning all the boys in school.questioning all the boys in school.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 79. ubiquitous: appearing, happening 79. ubiquitous: appearing, happening

everywhereeverywhere

• Is there no escape from the ubiquitous Is there no escape from the ubiquitous

cigarette smoke in restaurants? cigarette smoke in restaurants?

• 80. similarly: also; likewise80. similarly: also; likewise• She was late and I similarly was delayed.She was late and I similarly was delayed.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 81. clutter: things lying about untidily 81. clutter: things lying about untidily • How can you work with so much clutter How can you work with so much clutter

on your desk?on your desk?• His room is always in a clutter.His room is always in a clutter.• Don't clutter up my desk. I've just Don't clutter up my desk. I've just

tidied it.tidied it.• His head is cluttered (up) with useless His head is cluttered (up) with useless

facts.facts.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 82. pad: 82. pad: • a number of sheets of writing-paper or a number of sheets of writing-paper or

drawing-paper fastened together at one drawing-paper fastened together at one edgeedge

• a writing pada writing pad


• 83. file: any of various types of 83. file: any of various types of drawer, shelf, holder, cover, box, etc, drawer, shelf, holder, cover, box, etc, usu with a wire or metal rod for usu with a wire or metal rod for keeping loose papers together and in keeping loose papers together and in order, for reference purposesorder, for reference purposes

• I need another file for my letters. I need another file for my letters.


• 84. instrumentation: Here: a 84. instrumentation: Here: a

selection of instruments for this selection of instruments for this

particular purpose of household particular purpose of household

computers is already available, in computers is already available, in

existence.existence.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 85. average: result of adding several 85. average: result of adding several amounts together and dividing the amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amountstotal by the number of amounts

• The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.• standard or level regarded as usual standard or level regarded as usual • These marks are well above/below These marks are well above/below

average.average.• The average temperature in Oxford The average temperature in Oxford

last month was 18C.last month was 18C.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 86. dehumanize:86. dehumanize:

• de: a prefix meaning to do the opposite de: a prefix meaning to do the opposite

of, to reduceof, to reduce

• deceleratedecelerate deformdeform

decodedecode defrostdefrost

decontroldecontrol degradedegrade

decreasedecrease devalue devalue

deforest deforest to dethrone a kingto dethrone a king

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• humanize: humanize: a. make (sth) humana. make (sth) human

• animal characters humanized in animal characters humanized in cartoonscartoons

• b. make (sb) humaneb. make (sb) humane• have a humanizing influence on a have a humanizing influence on a

barbaric system barbaric system • humanism humanism • humanisthumanist


• 87. homogeneity: uniformity87. homogeneity: uniformity• homo:homosexual, homophonehomo:homosexual, homophone• The assembly line make products in The assembly line make products in

extremely large quantities, all in the same extremely large quantities, all in the same shape, structure, composition, and quality. shape, structure, composition, and quality. In a society where the ideology of In a society where the ideology of individualism prevails, people, esp. the individualism prevails, people, esp. the upper-middle class, dislike the uniform upper-middle class, dislike the uniform results of assembly line mass production.results of assembly line mass production.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 88. custom: regular purchases from a trade88. custom: regular purchases from a tradesman, shop, etcsman, shop, etc

• We would like to have your custom (ie. We We would like to have your custom (ie. We would like you to buy our goods).would like you to buy our goods).

• We've lost a lot of custom since our prices We've lost a lot of custom since our prices went up. (ie. Fewer goods have been bougwent up. (ie. Fewer goods have been bought from us.)ht from us.)

• I shall withdraw my custom (ie stop buying I shall withdraw my custom (ie stop buying goods) from that shop. goods) from that shop.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study•c. custom-made: made according c. custom-made: made according to the buyer’s specific to the buyer’s specific requirementsrequirements

•custom-designed / built / made: custom-designed / built / made: designed, built or made as the designed, built or made as the buyer specifiesbuyer specifies

•a custom-built cara custom-built car•custom-made clothes, shoes, etc custom-made clothes, shoes, etc


• 89. restrict: put a limit on sb/sth89. restrict: put a limit on sb/sth• Fog restricted visibility.Fog restricted visibility.• Speed is restricted to 30 mph in down towSpeed is restricted to 30 mph in down tow

n area. n area. • families restricted to (having) one childfamilies restricted to (having) one child• restrict oneself to one meal a dayrestrict oneself to one meal a day

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 90. precious: of great value (and beauty) 90. precious: of great value (and beauty) • the precious metals, ie. gold, silver and plthe precious metals, ie. gold, silver and pl

atinum atinum • precious gems/stones, ie. diamonds, rubiprecious gems/stones, ie. diamonds, rubi

es, emeralds, etc es, emeralds, etc • ~ (to sb): highly valued; dearly loved~ (to sb): highly valued; dearly loved• Each life is precious. Each life is precious. • She is very precious to him.She is very precious to him.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 91. tend: to often do a particular thing or b91. tend: to often do a particular thing or be likely to do a particular thinge likely to do a particular thing

• I I tendtend to go to bed earlier during the winter. to go to bed earlier during the winter.• Women Women tendtend to live longer than men. to live longer than men.• cf: intend: to want and plan to do sth.cf: intend: to want and plan to do sth.• Unfortunately the meeting took longer thaUnfortunately the meeting took longer tha

n we n we intendedintended..• How long do you How long do you intendintend to stay in Paris? to stay in Paris?

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 92. candid: directly truthful, even when 92. candid: directly truthful, even when telling the truth is uncomfortable or telling the truth is uncomfortable or unwelcome, frank, openunwelcome, frank, open

• 93. symptom: an outward sign of inner 93. symptom: an outward sign of inner change, change,

• Fever is a symptom of illness.Fever is a symptom of illness.• All these symptoms point to cancer, I am afAll these symptoms point to cancer, I am af

raid. raid. • Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 94. regimen: a fixed plan of diet, sleep, 94. regimen: a fixed plan of diet, sleep, exercise etc. in order to improve one's exercise etc. in order to improve one's health health

• to follow a strict regimento follow a strict regimen

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 95. preliminary: coming before, 95. preliminary: coming before, preparatorypreparatory

• After a few preliminary remarks, he After a few preliminary remarks, he went on to ….went on to ….

• preliminary negotiationspreliminary negotiations• (sport) a preliminary contest, round, (sport) a preliminary contest, round,

etc,etc,

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 96. harass: to make sb. worried by 96. harass: to make sb. worried by causing trouble, esp. on repeated causing trouble, esp. on repeated occasionsoccasions

• Our soldiers harassed the retreating Our soldiers harassed the retreating enemy.enemy.

• Female workers tend to be harassed Female workers tend to be harassed by male workers, esp. by their by male workers, esp. by their superiors, thus comes the term superiors, thus comes the term "sexual harassment"."sexual harassment".


• 97. intimidate: to make sb. fearful 97. intimidate: to make sb. fearful enough to do what he wantsenough to do what he wants

• The robber intimidated the The robber intimidated the shopkeeper with threats that they shopkeeper with threats that they would kill him.would kill him.

• The gang tried to intimidate the bank The gang tried to intimidate the bank manager.manager.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 98. prescribe: order the use of (esp. a 98. prescribe: order the use of (esp. a

medicine)medicine)• She prescribed some pills to help me to She prescribed some pills to help me to

sleep.sleep.• Do not exceed the prescribed dose. Do not exceed the prescribed dose.

(not to overuse)(not to overuse)• The law prescribes heavy penalties for The law prescribes heavy penalties for

smuggling. smuggling.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• prescription: doctor's written instruction prescription: doctor's written instruction

for the composition and use of a for the composition and use of a

medicinemedicine

• The doctor gave me a prescription for The doctor gave me a prescription for

pain-killers.pain-killers.

• His prescription for economic recovery His prescription for economic recovery

was not well received.was not well received.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• cf: cf:

RecipeRecipe is the more general term of the is the more general term of the two. It can apply not only to a formula two. It can apply not only to a formula or set of instructions for making or or set of instructions for making or doing sth. but to a method or procedure doing sth. but to a method or procedure for attaining some end.for attaining some end.Give me your recipe for cookies. Give me your recipe for cookies. According to the recipe, you put 4 eggs According to the recipe, you put 4 eggs and half pound of butter in the cake.and half pound of butter in the cake.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• RecipesRecipes are used in making steel, and are used in making steel, and each ingredient is measured carefully.each ingredient is measured carefully.

• In application to medicinal formulas In application to medicinal formulas reciperecipe may suggest an old fashioned may suggest an old fashioned remedy. In cookeryremedy. In cookery reciperecipe is the usual is the usual and standard term for a set of and standard term for a set of directions for preparing a dish.directions for preparing a dish.

• PrescriptionPrescription is more of a medical term. is more of a medical term.• The doctor gave him three The doctor gave him three

prescriptionsprescriptions..

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 99. dosage: amount of medicine to be take99. dosage: amount of medicine to be taken at a time or over a periodn at a time or over a period

• Do not exceed the recommended dosage.Do not exceed the recommended dosage.• cf: cf:

dose: amount of medicine to be taken at odose: amount of medicine to be taken at one timene time

• Notice the difference between the two defiNotice the difference between the two definitions. nitions. When meaning theWhen meaning the one-time-amouone-time-amount, they are the sament, they are the same. But dosage can also . But dosage can also denote the amount used over a period.denote the amount used over a period.


• 100. antique: a piece of furniture, 100. antique: a piece of furniture, jewellery, etc. that is old and therefore jewellery, etc. that is old and therefore becoming rare and valuable.becoming rare and valuable.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 101. m101. make the car, as we know it, a... ake the car, as we know it, a... antiqueantique

• The traditional Chinese family with The traditional Chinese family with several generations, as we know it, will several generations, as we know it, will be a thing of the past.be a thing of the past.

• The Secretary of State, James Baker, The Secretary of State, James Baker, announced that "the Soviet Union, as announced that "the Soviet Union, as we know it, no longer exists".we know it, no longer exists".

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 102. tension: a feeling that you are nervous,102. tension: a feeling that you are nervous, worried, and not relaxed worried, and not relaxed

• Her own tension was not lessened.Her own tension was not lessened.• There are growing tensions between the tThere are growing tensions between the t

wo countries.wo countries.• Massage helps relieve the tension in one’Massage helps relieve the tension in one’

s muscles.s muscles.• racial / political / social tensionracial / political / social tension• high-tension cables high-tension cables 高压电缆高压电缆

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 103. 103. option: sth. offered for choiceoption: sth. offered for choice

• You have the option of leaving or You have the option of leaving or staying.staying.

• None of the options is satisfactory.None of the options is satisfactory.• The court sentenced the convicted to The court sentenced the convicted to

one month's imprisonment with the one month's imprisonment with the option of a fine of $30option of a fine of $30 ，， 000.000.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 104. ultimate: last or final, that cannot 104. ultimate: last or final, that cannot

be surpassed, greatestbe surpassed, greatest

• The ultimate luxury of the trip was The ultimate luxury of the trip was flying in a Concorde.flying in a Concorde.

• Ultimately, all the colonies will become Ultimately, all the colonies will become independent.independent.

• All matter ultimately consists of atoms.All matter ultimately consists of atoms.• ultimatumultimatum

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 105105. accommodate: to provide room . accommodate: to provide room for, to supply with sth.for, to supply with sth.

• The car accommodates six people The car accommodates six people quite comfortably.quite comfortably.

• This hotel can accommodate 600 This hotel can accommodate 600 guests.guests.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 106106. panic: sudden uncontrollable . panic: sudden uncontrollable

quickly-spreading fear or terrorquickly-spreading fear or terror

• The fire caused a panic in the cinema.The fire caused a panic in the cinema.

• In case of fire, don't panic.In case of fire, don't panic.

• The thunder panicked the horses.The thunder panicked the horses.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 107107. avert: avoid, prevent from . avert: avoid, prevent from happeninghappening

• Accidents can be averted by careful Accidents can be averted by careful driving.driving.cf: cf:

• You can You can avertavert or or avoidavoid sth. from sth. from happeninghappening

• I avoided punishment by running away.I avoided punishment by running away.• I averted punishment from being I averted punishment from being

effective.effective.• Accidents can be averted / avoided...Accidents can be averted / avoided...


• You can You can avoidavoid a persona person. but not * to . but not * to avert a person.avert a person.

• I avoided him as much as possible.I avoided him as much as possible.• Avoid can be followed by v-ingAvoid can be followed by v-ing• They all They all avoided mentioningavoided mentioning that that

name.name.• ﹡﹡They all averted mentioning that name.They all averted mentioning that name.


• If you If you avert your eyesavert your eyes, gaze, etc. from , gaze, etc. from someone or something, yousomeone or something, you turn turn your eyes your eyes awayaway from them. from them.

• She She avertedaverted her eyes from the figure in her eyes from the figure in front of her.front of her.

• She glanced down into her lap to She glanced down into her lap to avoid avoid his his stare.stare.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 108. collision: colliding108. collision: colliding• a (head-on) collision between two carsa (head-on) collision between two cars• The liner was in collision (ie collided) with aThe liner was in collision (ie collided) with a

n oil-tanker. n oil-tanker. • 109. 109. accrue: (fml) to become bigger or accrue: (fml) to become bigger or

more by additionmore by addition• The interest on my bank account The interest on my bank account

accrued over the years.accrued over the years.• Interest will accrue if you keep your Interest will accrue if you keep your

money in a savings account.money in a savings account.


• 109. available: able to be got109. available: able to be got

• There were no tickets available for There were no tickets available for Friday's performance.Friday's performance.

• The dress is available in all sizes.The dress is available in all sizes.

• Is the doctor available?Is the doctor available?

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 111. project: cause (light, shadow, 111. project: cause (light, shadow, etc) to fall on a surfaceetc) to fall on a surface

• project a slide/ the film on a screenproject a slide/ the film on a screen• project spotlights on a performer project spotlights on a performer • an apparatus to project missiles into an apparatus to project missiles into

spacespace• a cinema / slide projectora cinema / slide projector

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 112. far: to a certain extent112. far: to a certain extent• Read as far as you can in ten minutes.Read as far as you can in ten minutes.• I don’t know how far I should believe him.I don’t know how far I should believe him.• 113. recess: a pause for rest, a period of 113. recess: a pause for rest, a period of

free time between classes at schoolfree time between classes at school

• At recess the boys would fight.At recess the boys would fight.• Parliament is in recess now.Parliament is in recess now.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 114. 114. hassle: to annoy persistently, hassle: to annoy persistently, harassharass

• He's always hassling me about money.He's always hassling me about money.• 115. 115. competent: having the ability or competent: having the ability or

skill to competeskill to compete • 116. 116. revivify: to give new life to, to revivify: to give new life to, to

refill with enthusiasmrefill with enthusiasm• revitalizerevitalize

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 117. soporific: causing or tending to 117. soporific: causing or tending to sleep, drowsy, sleepysleep, drowsy, sleepy

• soporific drug / speechsoporific drug / speech

• 118. dangle: to hold sth. so that it 118. dangle: to hold sth. so that it

swings loosely, to offer an attractionswings loosely, to offer an attraction• dangle a chain of keysdangle a chain of keys• He dangles a trip to Paris in front of her He dangles a trip to Paris in front of her

to get her to work for him.to get her to work for him.


• 119. ken: the limits of knowledge119. ken: the limits of knowledge

• beyond / outside / not within one's beyond / outside / not within one's kenken

• What happens after death is beyond What happens after death is beyond our ken.our ken.

• The workings of the Stock Exchange The workings of the Stock Exchange are beyond most people's ken.are beyond most people's ken.


• The students are soporific, tending to The students are soporific, tending to sleep because the ordinary courses sleep because the ordinary courses are boring. But the computer will are boring. But the computer will refill them with enthusiasm by refill them with enthusiasm by providing intellectual stimulations in providing intellectual stimulations in ways that are beyond the limits of ways that are beyond the limits of the teachers' ability.the teachers' ability.


• 120. (still / just) around / round the 120. (still / just) around / round the corner: very near but not at hand, corner: very near but not at hand, not availablenot availableThe fortune teller told Jane that there The fortune teller told Jane that there was an adventure for her just around was an adventure for her just around the corner.the corner.

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 121. application: act of putting a theory, 121. application: act of putting a theory,

discovery, etc to practical usediscovery, etc to practical use

• a new invention that will have a variety of a new invention that will have a variety of

applications in industryapplications in industry

• 122. benign: gentle, favourable, not 122. benign: gentle, favourable, not

dangerousdangerous

• malignant tumour and benign tumourmalignant tumour and benign tumour

Detailed StudyDetailed Study• 123. order: 123. order: (( 目目 )) (biology) group of related (biology) group of related animals or plants below a classanimals or plants below a class(( 纲纲 )) and and above a familyabove a family(( 科科 ) )

• the order of primatesthe order of primates 灵长目灵长目• The rose and the bean families belong to The rose and the bean families belong to

the same order.the same order.• Here: arrangement of groups, classes, Here: arrangement of groups, classes,

etc in society (in relation to one another) etc in society (in relation to one another) • The social order of ants is very The social order of ants is very

interesting.interesting.• the lower orders the lower orders 下层社会下层社会

Lesson 7 The Age Of Miracle Chips. Objectives of Teaching 1. To comprehend the whole text 2. To lean...

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