Lesson 53Lesson 53

ROOTSROOTS

RootsRoots

The part of a plant that grows completely or partly under the ground

The connect that a person has with a particular place or culture, because he or his family were born there or grew up there

Core, heart, the most important part of something

Slavery –

the system of keeping and having slaves

Where and when did slavery exist?

In the USA, about 200 years ago.

Who used to be slaves then?

Black people.

Where did they come from?

Africa

How did they come to America?How did they come to America?• -- They were carried to the USA by ship.

Slaves Packed on a Slave Ship Crowded, unsanitary conditions were the rule for slaves bound for the Americas on slave ships. Human cargo was often packed so tightly that it was impossible to move. The slave trade proved a lucrative business for more than 200 years. More than 10 million Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas before the importation of slaves was abolished in the United States in 1808.

Did they come to America willingly?Did they come to America willingly?

• No, they were caught in Africa. After that they were sold to white people – slaves owners, like animals.

Language pointLanguage point 1 1

• the + adj.

• The structure is used to refer to a class of people or something abstract. e.g.

• the old/blind/beautiful/good

• Note:

• the + v-ed = the + adj.

• the wounded/unemployed/unknown

Language pointLanguage point 2 2• Born a free man, …

• = Though he had been born a free man,…

• be born + adj./n. ---- 生来就是，天生就是

• He was born blind/deaf/poor.

• 他天生就是一个诗人。• He was born a poet.

• 没有人是天生的英雄。• Nobody was born a hero.

Language pointLanguage point 3 3

• because – direct reason

for – reason for inferring, extra explanation

The light went out,_______ the oil was out.The oil must be out, ___ the light was out.He is loved by all, _______ he is honest.He must be honest, ___ he is loved by all.

becausefor

because

for

Language point 4Language point 4 • Vt + sb. prep. + the + n. (part of the body)• Verbs that can usually be used in the structure are:• hit, beat, strike, pat, seize, catch, hold• Prepositions that can be used are:• in, on, by• He patted me on the back.• 约翰打了汤姆的头 / 肩。• John hit Tom on the head/shoulder.• 我抓住了他的胳膊。• I caught him by the arm.• 约翰打了汤姆的脸 / 眼 / 右腿。• John hit Tom in the face/eyes/right leg.

Language pointLanguage point 5 5

• be held prisoner = be kept prisoner• ( 被监禁 )• He was held/kept prisoner on a small isl

and.• be taken prisoner ( 被俘 )• He failed to run away and was taken pri

soner.• hold sb. prisoner/hostage• As many as 700 people were held hosta

ge at a theatre in Moscow.

Language pointLanguage point 6 6• become of sb/sth. ( 人或事物的 ) 情况，结果，遭遇• Only used in direct/indirect questions e.g.• What has become of Jack?• 我不知道我失业以后会怎么样。• I don’t know what will ~ me if I am out of work.• 他们想知道他后来怎么样了。• They wondered what had ~ him.• 我昨天放在这儿的书哪去了？• What has ~ the book I put here yesterday?

Language pointLanguage point 7 7

• Worse was to come.• = Something worse would take place soon.• Worse – U 更糟糕的情况 / 事• I have worse to tell you.• I’m sorry to say that he is going from bad to

worse.• He lost all his money, but worse followed. Hi

s house was burned down.

Language pointLanguage point 8 8

• V-ing used as attribute• … ship waiting off the coast• = ship which was waiting not far from the lan

d in the sea• 你看见站在树下的那个男孩吗？• Do you see the boy standing under the tree?• 那艘沿海岸航行的大船是从伦敦开来的。• The ship sailing along the coast is from Lond

on.

Language pointLanguage point 8 8

• Gerund/present P. used as attribute• a sleeping child• = a child that is sleeping• a sleeping car• = a car for sleeping• a walking stick• = a stick for walking• a swimming pool• = a pool for swimming

Language pointLanguage point 9 9

• Once on the boat –

• = Once they were on the boat, …( once = as soon as)

• 你一到天津，就马上去见乔治。• Once (you are) in Tianjin, go to meet Geor

ge at once.

• Once (he was) in the examination room, he forgot everything, including some key rules.

Language pointLanguage point 10 10

• … that ran the length of the ship• = that stretched as long as the ship. ( 扩展，

延伸 )• The road runs across the plain for about 20

km.• 这条小河穿过村庄。• The stream runs through the village.• 书架绕墙而立。• The bookshelves run round the wall.

Language point 11Language point 11

• once in a while• = from time to time, sometimes but not ver

y often• We go out for a walk ~.• 隔不多久 , 门外就有一阵嘈杂声。• Once in a while there was a noise outdoor

s.• Once in a while he would cry with pain, but

usually he remained in silence.