Lesson 3

Review of Lesson 2

בQamets a as in father long

vowel

בTsere e as in they long

vowel

בHolem o as in role long

vowel

בPatach a as in father short

vowel

בSeghol e as in better short

vowel

בHireq i as in bitter short

vowel

בQamets

Hatuf o as in bottle shortvowel

בQibbuts u as in ruler short

vowel

בHatephPatach a as in amuse reduced

vowel

בHatephSeghol e as in metallic reduced

vowel

בHatephQamets o as in commit reduced

vowel

בSheva a as in maroon OR silent

ובHolem

vav o as in roleunchangeable

longvowel

ובShureq u as in ruler

unchangeablelong

vowel

Syllabification

Two Rules of Syllabification

• Every syllable must begin with one consonant and have only one vowel.

• There are only two types of syllables: open and closed. • Open syllables end with vowel• Closed syllables end with a consonant

ר׀ד� ב�

Hebrew Accents• Hebrew words are usually accented (stressed) on the last syllable

• English generally stresses the first syllable•

Compare ‘David’ to ד ו ד�

• Compare ‘Hebrew’ to י ר ב ע• Some Hebrew words are stressed on a different syllable and are an

marked with an accent symbol � ׀פ�ס�ר

Syllable ClassificationTonic Pretonic Propretonic

ר פ� � ס� ים ר פ� ס

ים׀פ�׀ס �ר רס� ׀פ�

The Daghesh and Syllabification• The Daghesh Lene does not affect syllabification.

• The Daghesh Forte, however, does affect syllabification because it doubles the value of the consonant.

• ה ת� ה (tav is rendered twice) א� את׀ת�• Since the Taw (ת) is doubled, it functions both as the final

consonant of the first syllable and the first consonant of the second syllable

• ה ל� פ ➣ ת ה ל׀ל� ׀פ ת

Dagesh Lene or Forte?• The Daghesh in a begadkephat is a Forte if preceded by a

vowel (ה ת� .(preceded by the Pathach vowel ,א�

• The Daghesh in a begadkephat is a Lene if preceded by a consonant (ה כ� ל .(with Silent Shewa ל preceded by ,מ�

• A begadkephat letter at the beginning of a word takes a

Daghesh Lene unless the previous word ends in a vowel (ר ב� ,ד�with Daghesh Lene begins the word).

ת

כ

ד

The Shewa and Syllabification

• The Vocal Shewa• Vocal if not immediately preceded by a short vowel

• Initial Shewa is always as in ה כ� ר� ב• The 2nd of two side by side shewa’s is vocal י ט� פ ש מ• A Shewa under any consonant with Daghesh Forte is

vocal as in ים כ ל� מ ה�• A Shewa after an unaccented long vowel is vocal, as in

ים ב כ'ת

The Shewa and Syllabification

• The Silent Shewa• Silent if the previous vowel is short• The first of two contiguous (side-by-side) Shewas within

a word is silent

• A Shewa at the end of a word is silent, as in ת ב � ת� כ�• Shewa under a gutteral is always silent

דו ל ו� י and they were born ו�

Practice

א בהאו י ת א הות יךהלהל כב ךבבל

The V’ahavta��

Vocabulary List

ם אד�man, mankind, Adam

ץ ר� א��land, earth, ground

ים לה א7God, gods, mighty ones

אבfather, ancestor

ל א�God, god

ן ב�son

ית ב��house, household

ר ב� ד�word, matter, thing

יוםman, mankind, Adam

ל א� ר� ישIsrael

ם ל�� רוש� יJerusalem

ה הו� יYahweh, Yahveh

ים � ר� צ מEgypt

ה מ'ש�Moses, Mosheh

ך ל� � מ�king, ruler

סוסhorse

ד ב� ע��slave, servant

ע'ה ר פ�Pharaoh

ה נ� ש�year

ם ש�name, reputation

לום ש�Shalom!

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