Lesson 2A: Internet and the World

Chapter 2

The Internet’s History1969 – ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects

Agency Network)Developed by the Department of DefenseConnected universities and defense bases

1973 – ARPANET connects to EuropeMid-1980s – NSFNet

Network between supercomputersInternet was the link to ARPANETNo commercial traffic allowed

1990sARPANET shut downNSFNet abandonedCommercial networks take over

ARPANET 1973

The Internet’s Major ServicesThe World Wide Web (WWW)

Developed in 1993 by Tim-Berners LeeAllowed connection of documentsRequired a browser to read documents

Electronic mail (e-mail)Instantaneous transmission of documents

NewsOften called newsgroupsElectronic discussions on several topics

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Sends and receives files

The Internet’s Major ServicesChat

Public real time conversationInstant messaging

Private real time conversation Peer-to-peer services

Allows sharing of files among usersNapster and Kazaa are examplesIllegal to share copyrighted material

Accessing The InternetInternet Service Provider (ISP)

Company that provides Internet accessDialup

Connects to Internet through phone lineModem connects to the phone lineSlow connection

High-speed accessConnect through a special line2 – 25 times faster than dialupDSL, Cable, T1 are common

Understanding the InternetThe Internet allows accessing resourcesThe Web simplifies the InternetThe Web connects documents

Hypertext creates links between documentsDocuments are stored on a web serverHTTP delivers documents

Web site is a collection of documentsDocument is a web pagePages are published to the web

Understanding the InternetHypertext Markup Language

Creates web pagesDescribes how pages should lookContent enclosed in tags<tag>content</tag>

BrowsersRead and translate the HTMLDisplay web content

Helper applicationsPlug-insEnhance a browser’s functionality

Understanding The InternetUniform Resource Locator (URL)

Address of a web page Protocol: httpPort number: 80Host computer name: wwwDomain name: simplygraphixDomain type: comPath: /portfolioFile name: index.html

Streaming audio and videoSends the file in small chunksChunks downloaded while others play

http://www.simplygraphix.com/portfolio/index.html

Streaming Audio

Searching the WebThe Web is unorganizedDirectories

Categorize the InternetSearch engines

Find sites by keywordSite searches

Large sites have an internal searchSponsored links

Sites pay for better search results

Search TechniquesQuote the exact phraseUse the keyword ANDUse the keyword NEARAvoid common wordsUse the site’s advanced tools

Lesson 2B: E-mail and Other Internet Services

Chapter 2

Assignment No. 3

Submit a one page Abstract of your Semester Project Topic

Group Assignment Only1 Group submits 1 copy

Due date: 22 February, 2009

Using E-mailExchanges messages with other users

Messages reach destination in secondsMail waits in mailbox until openedText, audio, pictures and video messages

Configuring e-maile-mail clients read and send e-mailOutlook and Eudora are common

Need name of mail serverNeed username and password

Hotmail and Yahoo are online clientsNo configuration needed

Using E-mailE-mail addresses

Unique addressAllows sending and receivingUsername@isp.com

Email ListsLists of e-mail addressesEach address gets the e-mail

e-mail actionsCreate and Send a new messageReply to e-mailOpen attachmentsForward an e-mail

Other Internet FeaturesOnline services

Company that offers access by subscriptionBanks, games and research

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Copies files from a remote computerFTP client is neededSome sites require a password

Other Internet FeaturesInternet Relay Chat (IRC)

Real time communication systemMulti-users with many channels (rooms)Channels are dedicated to a topicAll users can read the comments

Instant messaging (IM)Private, real-time communicationMessage sent only to listed usersBuddy lists contain IM names

Doing Business in the Online World

Chapter 10B

2A-2A-2020

Wireless communication                        Wahid BadarWireless communication                        Wahid Badar               Artificial intelligence                             Zain Maqsood               Artificial intelligence                             Zain Maqsood               Storage devices                                  Sarmad Riaz               Storage devices                                  Sarmad Riaz               Virtual reality                                      Haris Khan               Virtual reality                                      Haris Khan               Evolution of comp                                Asad ur Rehman               Evolution of comp                                Asad ur Rehman               Optic Fibre                                         Khayam Arif               Optic Fibre                                         Khayam Arif               Search engines and their smart tips        Imran haider               Search engines and their smart tips        Imran haider               Community websites                            Amoon Justin               Community websites                            Amoon Justin               Brain waves                                       Fahad Islam               Brain waves                                       Fahad Islam               VOIP and Blue tooth                            M.Umer Zubair                VOIP and Blue tooth                            M.Umer Zubair 

E-Commerce B2B (Business-to-Business)

Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. E.g. Intel selling micro processors to Del

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)Businesses selling to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software. E.g amazon.com

C2B (Consumer-to-Business)A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and companies review the consumer's requirements and bid on the project. E.g priceline.com, shopbot.com

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell through online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. E.g. e-bay.com, rentacoder.com

Consumer E-CommerceOnline shopping

Purchasing through a web siteAlso called Business to Consumer (B2C)List of products is nearly endlessFeatures

Searchable catalogSecure checkoutCustomer support page

Consumer E-CommerceOnline stores versus brick and mortar

Brick and mortar implies a physical storeBrick and mortar properties

Limited hoursSalespeople can offer assistanceCustomers can handle the merchandise

Online store propertiesStore is open 24 x 7Salespeople usually not availableCan only view the merchandise

Another ChoiceClick and mortar

Online vs. Brick and Mortar

Online store catalogOnline store catalog Brick and mortar store experienceBrick and mortar store experience

Consumer E-CommerceUsing online catalogs

Good online stores have a catalogProducts are often arranged by categoryProducts can be found by keyword

Paying for purchasesVendors accept several payment methods

Credit cardsPaypalElectronic Fund Transfer

Consumer E-CommerceOnline banking and finance

Most teller services handled onlineBalances can be obtainedBills can be paidAccess is typically very secureCosts less than a traditional brokerLoans can be procuredTax returns can be filed

Business E-CommerceBusiness to business (B2B)

Business transaction between companiesAccounts for the majority of e-commerceInitially private networks were usedCommon transactions

Reorder inventoryPurchase stocksCredit checks

Business E-CommerceIntranets and extranets

Business partners must work togetherNetworks must work together

Intranet uses Internet technologiesOnly internal workers can access resourcesUse a standard browser to access resources

Extranets open the Intranet to clientsClients have password level accessAllows the same abilities as employees

Very simple to use and setup

Business E-CommerceTelecommuters

Employee working outside of the officeConnects to the office through technologySeveral technologies are used

Home computer and the InternetKey card changes passwords oftenEncryption is used to protect data

SecuritySecure web pages

Allows safe transmission of credit card Use the secure socket layer (SSL)

Encrypts data transmission to the serverSecure pages are easily identified

URL uses https://Browser status bar shows a closed lock

End of Chapter