Lesson 1 Forms of Main Verbs
-
Upload
jorgelobo77 -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of Lesson 1 Forms of Main Verbs
8/6/2019 Lesson 1 Forms of Main Verbs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lesson-1-forms-of-main-verbs 1/4
www.englishclub.com
Forms of Main Verbs
Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs".
Main verbs (except the verb "be") have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. "Be" has 9 forms.
V1 V2 V3
infinitive base pastsimple
pastparticiple
presentparticiple
present simple, 3rdperson singular
regular (to) work work worked worked working works
irregular
(to) sing(to) make(to) cut
singmakecut
sangmadecut
sungmadecut
singingmakingcutting
singsmakescuts
(to) do*
(to) have*
do
have
did
had
done
had
doing
having
does
has
infinitive base pastsimple
pastparticiple
presentparticiple
present simple
(to) be* be was, were been being am, are, is
In the above examples:
y to cut has 4 forms: to cut, cut, cutting, cutsy to work has 5 forms: to work, work, worked, working, worksy to sing has 6 forms: to sing, sing, sang, sung, singing, singsy to be has 9 forms: to be, be, was, were, been, being, am, is, are
The infinitive can be with or without to. For example, to sing and sing are both infinitives. Weoften call the infinitive without to the "bare infinitive".
At school, students usually learn by heart the base, past simple and past participle (sometimes called V1, V2, V3, meaning Verb 1, Verb 2, Verb 3) for the irregular verbs. Theymay spend many hours chanting: sing, sang, sung; go, went, gone; have, had, had; etc. Theydo not learn these for the regular verbs because the past simple and past participle are alwaysthe same: they are formed by adding "-ed" to the base. They do not learn the presentparticiple and 3rd person singular present simple by heart - for another very simple reason:they never change. The present participle is always made by adding "-ing" to the base, and the
3rd person singular present simple is always made by adding "s" to the base (though there aresome variations in spelling).
* Note that "do", "have" and "be" also function as helping or auxiliary verbs, with exactly thesame forms (except that as helping verbs they are never in infinitive form).
Example Sentences
8/6/2019 Lesson 1 Forms of Main Verbs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lesson-1-forms-of-main-verbs 2/4
www.englishclub.com
These example sentences use main verbs in different forms.
Infinitive
y I want to work y He has to sing.y This exercise is easy to do.y Let him have one.y To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Base - Imperative
y Work well!y Make this.y Have a nice day.y Be quiet!
Base - Present simple(except 3rd person singular)
y I work in London.y You sing well.y They have a lot of money.
Base - After modal auxiliary verbs
y I can work tomorrow.y You must sing louder.y They might do it.
y You could be right.
Past simple
y I worked yesterday.y She cut his hair last week.y They had a good time.y They were surprised, but I was not.
Past participle
y I have worked here for five years.y He needs a folder made of plastic.y It is done like this.y I have never been so happy.
Present participle
y I am working.y Singing well is not easy.
8/6/2019 Lesson 1 Forms of Main Verbs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lesson-1-forms-of-main-verbs 3/4
www.englishclub.com
y Having finished, he went home.y You are being silly!
3rd person singular, present simple
y He works in London.y She sings well.y She has a lot of money.y It is Vietnamese.
Forms of Helping Verbs
All helping verbs are used with a main verb (either expressed or understood*). There are 2
groups of helping verbs:
y Primary helping verbs, used mainly to change the tense or voice of the main verb, and
in making questions and negatives.y Modal helping verbs, used to change the "mood" of the main verb.
Study the table below. It shows the prinicipal forms and uses of helping verbs, and explains the
differences between primary and modal helping verbs.
* Sometimes we make a sentence that has a helping verb and seems to have no main verb. Infact, the main verb is "understood". Look at the following examples:
y Question: Can you speak English? (The main verb speak is "expressed".)
y Answer: Yes, I can. (The main verb speak is not expressed. It is "understood" from the
context. We understand: Yes, I can speak English.
But if somebody walked into the room and said "Hello. I can", we would understand nothing!
Helping Verbs
Primary Modal
Do(to make simple tenses, and questionsand negatives)
can could
Be (to make continuous tenses, and the passive voice)
may might
Have (to make perfect tenses) will would
shall should
must
8/6/2019 Lesson 1 Forms of Main Verbs
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lesson-1-forms-of-main-verbs 4/4
www.englishclub.com
ought (to)
"Do", "be" and "have" as helping verbs haveexactly the same forms as when they are main
verbs (except that as helping verbs they are never
used in infinitive forms).
Modal helping verbs are invariable. They
always have the same form.
Primary helping verbs are followed by the main
verb in a particular form:
y do + V1 (base verb)
y be + -ing (present participle)
y have + V3 (past participle)
"Ought" is followed by the main verb ininfinitive form. Other modal helping verbs
are followed by the main verb in its baseform (V1).
y ought + to... (infinitive)y other modals + V1 (base verb)
"Do", "be" and "have" can also function as mainverbs. Modal helping verbs cannot function asmain verbs.