Lesson 9: Buddhist Schools of Thought e The two big ones: Theravada and Mahayana f

o Original Buddhist organization was the _________________, established at Deer Park during the Buddha’s First Sermon

o Members of the sangha travelled, spreading the teachings of Buddhism o The Buddha wanted the local sanhas to meet to agree on matters of

_____________________ and ___________________ o After the Buddha died, various councils were called to discuss problems in the sangha o 383 BC, second council of sanghas was called to settle problems regarding the _______________

o Sthaviravada group wanted Sutra’s ___________________________ o Mahasanghika wanted more __________________________ in sacred text o This rift led to the formation of the Theravada and Mahayana schools of Buddhism

Theravada Mahayana

Location v _______________________ School o Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand,

Laos & Cambodia

Ø _______________________ School o China, Vietnam, Korea & Japan

Translated Name

v “the W________ of the E_____________”

Ø “the G____________ V___________” o calls older movements “the

L__________ Vehicle” or Hinayana Viewpoint v Original and c___________________ Ø L___________________ Scriptures v Does not recognize scripture after the

T___________________ Ø Contains Theraveda tripitaka and

additional s______________ Humans are… v I___________________ Ø I______________ with ___________ Key Virtue v W___________________ Ø C___________________ Religion is for… v M__________ Ø E___________________ Idea of Prayer v Pray through m__________________

v Individual meditation & insight to attain n___________________

Ø Pray for r___________________ Ø Believe heavens are populated with

divinities to whom people can pray Ideal Being v ________________

o Somebody who has achieved nirvana, ideal of s____________ p___________________

Ø B___________________ o Almost reached e______________ o Stay in one of the heavens to

h________ those who pray to them Perception of the Buddha

v Buddha is a s___________________ o Do not worship Buddha as a

_______, but as a person whose ___________________ they follow

Ø Buddha is a s___________________ o Buddha considered d___________

being

Similarities ❀ The ___________________ is the only master ❀ One must take refuge in the ___________, the __________ and the __________ ❀ World was not ____________ and ____________ by a ________ ❀ One must follow the example of the ____________ ❀ One must accept the ____________ ____________ ____________ ❀ All things are _______________________

e The Vajrayana School f ³ Also known as _________________ Buddhism ³ Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal ³ _________________ or _________________ ³ Emphasis on _________________, _________________, _________________ in creations, like

_________________ or wall hangings, and _________________ o Concentration on visualizations helps _________________

³ Buddhism entered Tibet 750 CE, from _________________ ³ Joined to _______________, an early religion of Tibet

o Recite prayers and chants to sound of shrill _________________ and _________________ ³ L_______________

o Religious leader o Performs rites _________________ times a day o includes _________________, prayer w_________________ and prayer f___________

³ Tibet became a _________________ ruled by monks ³ Leader 1600 CE was D___________ L___________

o When Dalai Lama dies, his consciousness enters the body of a new born male child, who the monks find using complicated procedures

o Considered the incarnation of Avalokiteshvara, the B_____________ of C_____________ ³ Most original Buddhist texts were translated into Tibetan, and are the only existing copies of some

scriptures

Potala Palace, Tibet ³ Residence of the Dalai Lama in Tibet, before Chinese

occupation Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama

           

 e Zen Buddhism f

� Japan � Mid 6th Century � Became popular 12th, 13th, 14th centuries � Originally came from China � Originally called Ch’an � Founded by legendary Indian monk ________________

o Founded _________________ temple � Emphasis on _________________ over good works to

achieve enlightenment � Cannot be taught, has to be e_________________ � Predominant schools are Rinzai & Soto

Rinzai � Use non-rational statements called ________________

o Trying to solve ______________ breaks sense of logic and self o Cannot be dismissed as absurd o Shows _________________ is inadequate as a way to understand true nature o To understand one’s true nature, one must be ______________ o Takes place in private audience with master called a ___________ o Not the _________________ that is important, but the

_________________ used to get the answer o Correct answer isn’t the same for each student

§ What is the sound of one hand clapping § What is the color of wind? § When the many are reduced to one, to what is one reduced § How does an enlightened one return to the ordinary world?  

• Answer: A broken mirror never reflects again, fallen flowers never go back to the old branches

� _________________: intuitive experience of enlightenment, can come quickly or slowly � Attracted _________________ as a way of developing personal discipline and mental strength to

conquer fear of death � Supported by aristocracy and samurai

Soto

� Achievement of enlightenment through strict discipline & ______________ (sitting meditation)

o Done in _____________ posture � _____________________ alone can lead to awakening � Enlightenment comes ______________ through personal effort � Supported by ______________________ � Called “__________________ __________”