Lesson 01 Intro Prog

8/7/2019 Lesson 01 Intro Prog

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Basic Programming Concepts

By

Adnan AminLecturer / Software Programmer

Ministry of Education

www.geoamins.com

Topic: Introduction to Programming

Lesson #: 01

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By: Adnan Amin (Lecturer / Software

Programmer)


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Overview Introduction to Programming?

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Introduction to programming

Computer.

Program. Programming.

Computer Programming.

Programming Languages.

Programmers / Coders.

Levels of Programming languages.

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1. Computer

Onethatcomputes:aprogrammableelectronicdevicethatcanstore,retrieve,andprocessdata.

(MerriamWebstersCollegiateDictionary)


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2. Program or Computer Program

A sequence of instructions to be performed

by a computer is called computer program.

Nowadays computers are able to perform many different tasks, from

simple mathematical operations to sophisticated animated simulations.

But the computer does not create these tasks by itself, these areperformed following a series of predefined instructions that conform

what we call a program.


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3. Programming.

Planning or scheduling the performance

of a task or an event.


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4. Computer Programming.

The process of planning a sequence ofsteps for a computer to follow.


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5. Programming Languages.

A set of rules, symbols, and special words

used to construct a computer program.


6. Programmers / Coders.

Those in charge of generating or creatingprograms so that the computers may perform

new tasks are known as programmers orcoders, who for that purpose use aprogramming language.

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Programming Languages. (PL)

PL is divided into following parts.

i. Low Level Programming Languages.

ii. Middle Level Programming Languages.

iii. High Level Programming Languages.

PL

Low

Level

PL

Mid

Level

PL

High

Level

PL

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Whats Level? When choosing a programming language to

make a project, many different considerationscan be taken. First, one must decide what is

known as the level of the programming

language.

The level determines how near to thehardware the programming language is


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i. Low Level PL. In the lower level languages, instructions are

written thinking directly on interfacing withhardware.

Advantages

Directly understood by machine.

Very Fast.

Easily handle the hardware.

Disadvantages Very difficult for programmer.

Examples

Machine Languages, Assembly Languages


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Practical Example of Low Level PL

Machine Language The language, made up of binary-coded instructions,

that is used directly by the computer.

Assembly Language A low-level programming language in which a

mnemonic is used to represent each of the machinelanguage instructions for a particular computer.

When a hardware driver is developed for anoperating system obviously a very low level is

used for programming.


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ii. High Level PL. In High Level PL, instructions are written in more

abstract or conceptual programming code for more

different machines with a smaller modification. It is used very easy and human understandable codes.

like coding in English.

Advantages

Programmer / Human can easily understand the code.

Its used to developed very big applications.

Disadvantages Slow as compare to low level PL.

Need a translator because it cant directly understood by machine.

Examples

Java , Visual Studio.Net etc


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iii. Middle Level PL. It can inherent some features of the low level PL and some

features from high level PL.

So Mid Level PL interacts directly with the hardware almost withno limitations, and as well abstract or conceptual and work likeone of the most powerful high level languages.

Advantages

Directly interact with the hardware. Not too difficult codes used like low level.

Used for Hardware interface as well as for big applications.

Disadvantages Slow as compare to low level PL because of high level codes.

Need a translator (High level code also can be used)

Examples

C language, C++ language.


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Practical Example of Mid Level PL


The C++ language is in a middle position,

since it can interact directly with thehardware almost with no limitations, and can

as well abstract lower layers and work like

one of the most powerful high levellanguages.

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Home Work Compare high level , mid level and low

level programming languages. And alsodecide which programming language is

best with respect to following

characteristics; Speed, hardware programming, easy

coding and market demand.

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References Visit and download this lecture from:

www.geoamins.com/courses/ www.cplusplus.com

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Lesson 01 Intro Prog

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