Lesní požár y - akela.mendelu.czxcepl/inobio/inovace/Ochrana_lesa/3_1... · Lesní požár y...

Lesní požáry

prof. Ing. Emanuel Kula, CSc.

Brno, 2013

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a Státním rozpočtem ČR InoBio – CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0018

Fig. 0: Forest fires in municipal territories, years

1992–2006

strana 2

Fig. 1: Characteristics of the course of weather in

the CR (1992–2004) strana 3

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

6

7

8

9

10

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mm°C

year

temperature °C temperature normal 1961-1990 precipitation mm precipitation normal 1961-1990

Fig. 2: Frequency and extent of forest fires during

the year (1992–2004) strana 4

0

10

20

30

40

50

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

%

month

N=15985 Area=7825 ha

forest fires burned area

Fig. 3: Seasonal dynamics of forest fires depending on

the extent of burnt area (1992–2004) strana 5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


%

month

N=15723 Area=4099 ha

< 0,01 ha 0,01-0,1 ha 0,1-1 ha 1-5 ha

Fig. 4: Dynamics of the occurrence of forest fires

in the CR during the day (1992–2004)strana 6

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

%

hour

N=15985 Area=7825 ha


Fig. 5: Distribution of the total burnt forest area in

the CR during the week (1992–2004)

strana 7

0

5

10

15

20

25

Mon Tues Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

%

N=15985 Area=7825 ha

< 1 ha 1-5 ha > 5 ha

Fig. 6: The proportion of forest fires and burnt

area according to regions of the CR and foreststrana 8

0

10

20

30

40

Prg

Ce

ntr

. B

oh

.

S B

oh.

W B

oh.

N B

oh

.

E B

oh.

S M

or.

N M

or.

%

region

N=15985 Area=7825 ha

forest fires burned area forest cover (2001)

Fig. 9: The occurrence frequency and the extent of

forest fires during the year in the CR (cause: fire

raising; 1992–2004)strana 9

0

10

20

30

40

50


%

N=3611 Area=1732 ha


Fig. 12: The occurrence frequency and the extent

of forest fires during the year in the CR (cause:

smoking; 1992–2004)strana 10

0

10

20

30

40

50


%

N=3585 Area=1350 ha




children; 1992–2004)strana 11

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


%

N=731 Area=241 ha




arsonists; 1992–2004)strana 12

0

10

20

30


%

N=550 Area=165 ha




lightning; 1992–2004)strana 13

0

10

20

30

40


%

N=222 Area=34 ha


Fig. 17: The frequency of forest fires in the CR and

average precipitation (1992–2004)strana 14

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mm

nu

mb

er

year

N=15985

forest fires precipitation precipitation normal 1961-1990

Fig. 18: The seasonal occurrence of forest fires in

the CR (1974–2004)strana 15

0

10

20

30

40

50


%

N1974-1978=1703N1979-1983=1408

N1992-2004=15985

1974-1978 1979-1983 1992-2004

Fig. 19: Causes of the forest fire origin in the year

culmination season (April, August 1992–2004)strana 16

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Unexplained

Heating devices and flue ways

Operation-technical defects

Combustible and explosive materials

Extraordinary events

Intention, incendiarism (arson)

Children up to the age of 15 years

Smoking

Fire raising

Management in forests

Negligence of adults

Railway operation

Blasts and self-ignition

Lightning

%

NApril=3011NAugust=3085

April August

Fig. 20: The proportion of the forest management

cause in forest fires in the CR (1992–2004) strana 17

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

< 9 9-11 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 > 19

%

Nmanagement in forestss=1615Nall=15985

management in forests all

Fig. 21: The occurrence of forest fires of an area of

<1 ha and >5 ha in the CR during the day (1992–

2004)strana 18

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

%

hour

N=14213<1 ha

Fig. 22: The occurrence frequency of forest fires in

the CR during the day (1974–2004)strana 19

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

< 9 9-11 11-13 13-1 15-17 17-19 > 19

%

N1974-1978=1703N1979-1983=1408

N1992-2004=15985

1974-1978 1979-1983 1992-2004

Fig. 23: The occurrence frequency of forest fires in

the CR (cause: railway operation; 1992–2004) strana 20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004

%

year

N=166 Area=312 ha




management in forests; 1992–2004)strana 21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

%

N=1615 Area=918 ha


Tab. 1: The frequency of forest fires and the

extent of burnt area in the CR (1992–2004)

Years 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total

Forestfires 2220 1595 1674 1061 984 970 1710 1183 1320 421 402 1632 813 15985

% 13,9 10 10,5 6,6 6,2 6,1 10,7 7,4 8,3 2,6 2,5 10,2 5,1 100

Burned

area (ha)1144 1041 667 363 1714 260 786 276 352 71 127 731 294 7825

% 14,6 13,3 8,5 4,6 21,9 3,3 10,1 3,5 4,5 0,9 1,6 9,3 3,8 100

ha/fire 0,52 0,65 0,4 0,34 1,74 0,27 0,46 0,23 0,27 0,17 0,32 0,45 0,36 0,49

strana 22

Tab. 2: Causes of forest fires and the extent of

burnt area in the CR (1992–2004)

Causes N % ha % ha/fire

Unexplained 4778 29,89 2603,71 33,28 0,54

Heating devices and flue

ways 9 0,06 0,6 0,01 0,07

Operation-technical defects 133 0,83 159,99 2,04 1,2

Combustible and explosive

materials2 0,01 0,31 0 0,15

Extraordinary events 230 1,44 113,5 1,45 0,49

Intention, incendiarism

(arson)550 3,44 165,22 2,11 0,3

Children up to the age of 15

years731 4,57 240,67 3,08 0,33

Smoking 3585 22,43 1350,44 17,26 0,38

Fire raising 3611 22,59 1731,99 22,13 0,48

Management in forests 1615 10,1 917,69 11,73 0,57

Negligence of adults 288 1,8 151,84 1,94 0,53

Railway operation 166 1,04 311,94 3,99 1,88

Blasts and self-ignition 65 0,41 42,52 0,54 0,65

Lightning 222 1,39 34,4 0,44 0,15

Sum 15985 100 7824,79 100 0,49

strana 23

• Děkuji za pozornost

strana 24

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