Les bpr week 8
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Transcript of Les bpr week 8
Scientific Management
• 1800+: science over nature
• Applying scientific principles
• Reflected division in society
Taylorist Worker
• Schmidt
• Obedient
• Stupid
• Motivated by money
• “This seems to be rather rough talk. And indeed it would be if applied to an educated mechanic….With a man of the mentally sluggish type of Schmidt it is appropriate”….
BPR
The Traditional Evolution of Companies
• Evolution of Functional Departments
• Mix of systems, procedures, manual v automated etc…..
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Slow turn around time
Inconsistent data
Duplicated tasks
No “Process” view
Unanswered Questions
• How long does it take to process an order?
• How much does it cost to handle a customer complaint?
• What data do we have on Customer X?
• What does it cost to introduce a new line?
BPR Emerging
• Hammer - former MIT computer science professor turned management consultant
• Problems facing companies not based on organisational structures but process structures (echoes of value chain)
• Process structures are legacy structures developed incrementally and hence patched
• Re-engineering vs. CQI/kaizen, TQM
• Involves re-design & implementation - start with a clean sheet
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Re-engineering Processes
• e2e processes
• Radical
• Fundamental
MANAGING COMPLAINTS
PROCESSING ORDERS
RECRUITING STAFF
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Definitions of BPR
• “Re-engineering is the fundamental re-thinking and radical re-design of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed” BPR Re-engineering the Corporation Michael Hammer & James Champey 1993
• “the fat is not waiting around on top to be cut. It’s marbled in, and the only way you get it out is by grinding it up and frying it out.” (Hammer as quoted in Byrne, 1992)
Making a cup of tea….
Get mug
Put Tea in Mug
Fill Kettle
Boil Kettle
Put O2 in Mug
Remove Tea
Put Milk in Mug
Throw Tea
Stir Drink
(WAIT)
1 SEC 2 SEC 5 SEC 60 SEC 5 SEC
3 SEC3 SEC
3 SEC1 SEC
Get Milk
3 SEC
86 sec
Making a cup of tea….functional
Get mug
Put Tea in Mug
Fill Kettle
Boil Kettle
Put O2 in Mug
Remove Tea
Put Milk in Mug
Throw Tea
Stir Drink
(WAIT)
Get Milk
1 SEC
5 SEC 60 SEC 5 SEC
1 SEC 3 SEC 3 SEC 3 SEC
3 SEC 1 SEC
80 sec
Making a cup of tea BPR’d
Designing the system
PurchaseRights
1
Product
Customer
mCommerce
PackageContent
2
DRM
ManageContentDelviery
3
CARDS
MediaDelivery
ProvideUsageFigures
4
DRM
Search forDRM Key
5
DRM
Device
Player
VerifyCustomer
Rights
6
DRM
UpdateRights
Database
7
DRM
ExperienceMedia
8
Device
Player
Press Play
9
Device
Player
ReceiveKey /
Content
10
Device
DRM
Generateand deliver
key
11
DRM
StoreContent
12
CARDS
APE
ManageRules
14
CARDS
ContractManagement
DetermineDRM
Requirement
15
CARDS
APE
RightsVerif ied
Updatelog
PurchasedRights
ConfirmRightsUpdate
SentKey
UpdateKey Rights
16
DRM
Device
IngestContent
CheckRules
ReturnRules
Instruction topackage
RetrieveContent
StoreContent
ReturnContent
DeliverContent
KeyFound
InitiateMedia
RequestDRM Key
17
DRM
Device
Key notfound
KeyFound
Triggerkey
delivery
Trigger contentdelivery
PurchasePrompt
18
Product
Request topurchase
Receipt of DRMw rapped content
Rightsnot
verif ied
Key found- log
created
Updatelog
RightsRequested
Assumptions
• Workers are Stupid and Replaceable
• Managers are Omnipotent and Omniscient
• The organisation is perfect
• Based on Taylorism?
4. Critiquing the Machine
Managerial Critiques
• One size fits all ?
• High failure rates: soft BPR
• Resistance from unions
• The Production of Electronic Concrete
BPR Failure or Fad?
• No single IT application - however sophisticated and state of the art it may be - could deliver a sustained competitive advantage. Rather, advantage is obtained through the capability of an organization to exploit IT functionality on a continuous basis.
16%
39%
45%
Fully satisfiedDissatisfiedPartially satisfied
Executive Satisfaction with Business Re-engineering Projects
Arthur D. Little, 1993
Moral Critiques
• Braverman: Deskilling
• Increased surveillence & control
• Automation & Redundancies
• Alienating workers
Conclusions….
• What the Tin Man needs….
• Increasing evidence of machines as humans– Artificial intelligence
– Telemetry
– Cyborgs
• Question of what we want in life
Questions?