Leictreachas Statach Caibidil 19
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Transcript of Leictreachas Statach Caibidil 19
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Leictreachas Statach Caibidil 19
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Luchtanna
• Diúltach agus deimhneach.• Má chuimlítear píosa rubair nó píosa plaistigh le ceirtin
olla, aomann an píosa rubair nó plaistigh sin le bluirí paipeir agus bluirí coirc.
• Má chuimlítear dhá phíosa rubair le holann agus má chuirtear in aice le chéile iad, earann siad óna chéile.
• Má chuimlítear píosa gloine le ceirtin siodá agus má chuirtear congarach don rubar chumilte thuas e, aomann siad a chéile.
• Os a choinne sin, earann dhá phíosa gloine chuimlite a chéile.
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Aomann luchtanna éagsúla Earann luchtanna cosúla
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Adaimh
• an prótón, an neodrón an leictreon. (+) Gan Lucht (Diúltach)
Breis leictreoin lucht diúltachEaspa leictreoin lucht deimhneach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=IE&feature=related&hl=en-GB&v=IpaEGhjpZgc
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Turgnamh: Chun fórsaí idir luchtanna a léiriú
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Luchtanna
• Aonad lucht leictrigh – Cúlóm (Coulomb) C
• 1 Coulomb = lucht ar 6.25 x 1018 leictreon.
• Siombail Q
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Seoltóirí agus Inslitheoirí
• Seoltóirí• Ábhair a ligeann said
do lucht sreabhadh triothu. m.s. formhor na miotail
• I miotail bíonn a lán leictreon saor in ghluaiste ann í gconaí a bhogann neamh spleach óna hadaimh fein.
• Inslitheoirí• Ábhair nach ligeann
siad do lucht sreabhadh triothu. m.s. plaisteach, rubar, aer.
• Ní bhíonn luchtanna saoire ann
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Cuimilt
• Cad a tharlaíonn nuair a chuimlítear píosa polaitéine le céirt?
• Aistrítear leictreoin ón gceirt go dtí an slat polaítéine
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Ionduchtú (Induction).
Scaipeann na luchtanna go cothrom ar dromchla na sféar
Scarrtar na 2 sféar ag baint úsáid as an hanla inslithe
Bogann leictreoin chuig A
Dhá sféar ar seastán inslithe
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(2) Talmhú (earthing): réad amháin a luchtú
Scaipeann na luchtanna go cothrom ar dromchla an sféir
Sféar fágtha le breis leictreon a thagann ón dtalamh
Aomann an lucht deimhneach leictreoin ón dtalamh
Aomtar leictreoin chuig an lucht (+)
SFéar neodrach
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Leictreascóp Ór Dhuille
Úsáideanna• Chun luchtanna a
bhrath:.• Chun méid na luchta a
aimsiú:• Polaraíocht na luchta a
aimsiú• Chun idirdhealú idir
seoltóir agus inslitheor:• Méid difríocht
phoitéinsil a aimsiú (Sa chéad chaibidil eile)
Caipín mhiotail
Cas - seoltóir
Ór dhuille
inslitheoir
Slat mhiotail
http://www.shep.net/resources/curricular/physics/P30/Unit2/electroscope.html
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Tiúchán na luchtaBíonn tiúchan níos airde luchta ag pointi
géara.
+ +
+
+ +
++++
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Gineadóir Van de Graaff
• A: Sféar miotail• B & FScuaibíní • C & G Rolláin• D Beilt rubair• E Mótar
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Conas a n-oibríonn an Van de Graaff
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Chun a thaispeáint go mbíonn an lucht ar seoltóir sféarúil folamh ar an dromchla
http://techtv.mit.edu/videos/1965-faradays-cage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZwlD-Z0zmE&mode=related&search=
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Chun a thaispeáint go mbailíonn luchtanna le chéile ag an bpointe is géara
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Díluchtú phointe (Point Discharge)
++++
++++
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Éifeacht leictreachais stataigh sa ghnáthshaol
• Leictrachas statach ar éadaí toisc na n-ábhar saorga as a bhfuil siad déanta. Chúis cnagarnach (crackle) uathu – splancanna beaga.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuZxFL9cGkI
• Má chuimlitear peann plaisteach ar geansaí nó ar do ghruaig éiríonn sé luchtaithe agus tá sé in ann píosaí phaipeir a phiocadh suas.
• Is féidir sruth uisce ó sconna a chlaonadh chomh maith le slat luchtaithe.
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• Deannach ar TV
• Le gás nó deannach. I scaglann ola (oil refinery), muilte plúir nó i dtionscail ceimice is gá réamhcúraim a bheith i láthair chun cosc ar baol phleascadh dá bharr leictreachas stataigh.
• Luchtanna ar an eitleán - luchtanna díluchtú roimh athbhreoslú.
• Tintreach
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Dlí Coulomb: Fórsa idir luchtanna
F α Q1
F α Q2
F α 1d2 Dlí Coulomb:
Bíonn an fórsa idir aon dá phonclucht i gcomhréir le toradh na luchta agus i gcomhreir inbheartach leis an fad atá eatarthú cearnaithe.
F α Q1Q2
d2
Is dlí na cearnóige inbheartaigh é toisc go bhfuil F α 1/d2 .
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Dlí Coulomb: Fórsa idir luchtanna
d2
K = 1 4πε
d2
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Ceadaíocht
ε Ceadaíocht (Permittivity). Aonad: Farad in aghaidh an meadar. Fm-1
Tearmaíocht:
εo: Ceadaíocht a bhaineann le folús (agus de ghnáth, aer). Luach: 8.9 x 10 -12 F m-1
.
εr Ceadaíocht coibhneasta ábhair.
εr = ceadaíocht an ábhair / ceadaíocht í bhfolus.
εr = ε ε0
ε= εr εo
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Fórsa• Feidhmíonn an fórsa feadh treo líne idir na dhá
lucht. • Fórsa eartha . +Q agus +Q nó –Q & -Q• Fórsa aomtha (+Q & -Q)• Méid an fhórsa ar na dhá lucht mar an gcéanna• Fiú muna bhfuil poncluchtanna i gceist más rud
é go bhfuil d an-mhór bíonn dlí Coulomb cruinn go leor.
• Luchtanna sféarúil – ta an dlí fós o bhfeidhm agus d an fhad idir láir na dhá sféar.
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Fórsa (II)
• Tá dlí Coulomb an-chosúil le dlí Newton um Imtharraingte
• Is dlíthe na cearnóige inbheartaigh iad toisc go bhfuil F α 1/d2
• Bíonn an fórsa imtharraingte a bhfad níos lú ná an fórsa leictreach de ghnáth
• Is fórsa aomtha i gcónaí an fórsa imtharraingte ach is féidir fórsaí earrtha nó aomtha a bheith sa fórsa leictreach.
• Ma ta ponclucht Q curtha i suíomh ina bhfuil ponclucthanna eile is ionann an fórsa comhthorach agus suim veicteoireach na bhfórsaí a chuireann gach lucht ar Q.
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Réimse Leictreach
• Limistéar mórthimpeall ar lucht ina bhfeidhmíonn fórsa ón lucht sin ar aon lucht eile a chuirtear ann.
• (a) Ponc Lucht
• http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=86&cat=physics
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Réimse leictreach
• (b) Dhá Phonc Lucht – ceann + agus ceann (-)
• (c) Dhá Phonclucht Cosúil
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-iv/electric-charges/electric-field-animation.php
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Réimse Leictreach
• Dhá Dhromcha Phlánacha Comhthreomhara le lucht deimhneach dáilte ar ceann amháin agus lucht diúltach ach cothrom dáilte ar an gceann eile.
• Turgnamh: Chun réimse
leictreach a leiriú
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Feidmheanna an réimse leictrigh
• Xéaragrafaíocht/ Fótacoipeáil
• Trealaimh dheasctha leictreastatacha (electrostatic precipitators)
• Dífhibirleoirí
• Baoil: iramhairtí reimsí leictreacha ar chiorcaid iomlánaithe (integrated circuits)
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Déine/Neart na Réimsí Leictrigh(Electric field intensity
• Neart/Déine na Réimsí Leictrigh
An fórsa a fheidhmítear ar chulóm deimhneach amháin suite ag an bpointe sin.
• Siombail : E
• Aonad: N C -1 nó V m -1.
• Veicteoir
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Neart leictréimse
E = F
q
2 4 r
QE