Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik - · PDF fileFischer-Tropsch-Synthese: vom...

Lehrstuhl CHEMISCHE VERFAHRENSTECHNIK
UNIVERSITT BAYREUTH
Lehrstuhl fr Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
Zentrum fr Energietechnik
Universitt Bayreuth
Herstellung flssiger Kraftstoffe aus CO2 und regenerativ
erzeugtem Wasserstoff durch Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese
Andreas Jess
Tagung "Vernetzte Energieforschung: Verwertung ungenutzter Energiestrme
Universitt Bayreuth, Zentrum fr Energietechnik (ZET), 3.4.2014
Entdeckung durch
Franz Fischer 1922
Kohle(vergasung) CO + H2 Benzin/Diesel

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Sind fossile Energietrger bald (z.B. in 50 Jahren) erschpft?
Konzept eines Prozesses H2 + CO2 Diesell/Kerosin + O2
Warum CO2 als Rohstoff fr Kohlenwasserstoffe?
Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese: vom Labor zu den Basisdaten einer techn. Anlage
Potentielle CO2-Quellen und -Senken?

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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Factor 12
1.7 billion people
Year
2010 1900
1.0 billion toe/a
Global population & energy consumption from 1900 until today
Factor 4
Nuclear
power plant
Personal
computer Autobahn
(1932)
World
Wide Web Powered
airplane
Jet
plane
7 billion people
12 billion toe/a
World population
in 109
Primary energy consump.
in 109 toe/a
80% gas, oil & coal
7% traditional biomass
5% nuclear, 8% renewables

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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 2 3 4
CO2
Total carbon inventories of fossil fuels based on reserves (2011)
C-mass in Gt
Atmosphere
today
+ 2 K = 530 Gt C*
* 65% of total C in
fossil fuel reserves
CH
CH4
CH2
3.4 GtC/a
2 GtC/a
4 GtC/a
Consumption/a
Reserves
(recoverable from known reservoirs under
current economic and operating conditions)
Oil Coal Gas

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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 2 3 4
CH
CH4
CO2
Static life times of fossil fuels (2011)
C-mass in Gt
Atmosphere
CH2
today
+ 2 K = 530 Gt C*
* 65% of total C in
fossil fuel reserves
3.4 GtC/a
53 a 2 GtC/a
59 a
4 GtC/a
140 a
Static life time = Consumption/a
Reserves
Reserves
(recoverable from known reservoirs under
current economic and operating conditions)
Oil Coal Gas

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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4
Resources
(not recoverable at
current prices)
CH
CH4 CO2
C-mass in Gt
Atmosphere
Reserves
today
Oil sand,
oil shale
CH2
Permafrost conditions
ocean depth > 500 m
Methane
Water
Total carbon inventories of fossil fuels including resources (2011)
Tight gas, coal gas shale gas
& gas hydrates
Oil Coal Gas

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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4
CH
CH4 CO2
C-mass in Gt
Atmosphere
today
CH2
Fossil fuel scarcity myth:
vast amounts of fossil fuels left
but:
o only small amounts located in the EU
o most probably not at todays prices
Fuel Range*
Oil 50 - 170 years
Gas 60 - 1000 years
Coal 140 - 3000 years
* reserves/consumption or
(reserves + resources)/consumption
Total carbon inventories of fossil fuels (2011)
Resources
Reserves
Oil Coal Gas

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Warum also CO2 als Rohstoff fr Kohlenwasserstoffe?

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Resources
Reserves
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4
+ 2 K = 530 Gt C*
C-mass in Gt
Atmosphere
today
+ 2 K reached in 2100 at current
consumption of fossil fuels.
CO2
Problem of CO2: Climate change, if fossil fuels are really burned
Morteratsch-Glacier (Bernina Alps, Switzerland)
2011 2 km
2000 1911
Oil Coal Gas
*M. Faulstich: 210 Gt C

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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4
+ 2 K = 530 Gt C
C-mass in Gt
Atmosphere
today
+ 2 K reached in 2100 at current
consumption of fossil fuels.
CO2
Problem of CO2: Climate change, if fossil fuels are really burned
The availability of fossil energy is not the problem of primary concern.
The major problem lies in the effects caused by CO2 if they are burned.
Resources
Reserves
Oil Coal Gas

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Challenges & problems to reduce the ecological (carbon) footprint
practically 100 % switch to
renewable energy, probably
driven by solar and wind
long term challenge (2050 and beyond): ecological footprint of 1 global earth
2012 2050
Cropland, grazing
land, forest ...
Biocapacity to
absorb CO2

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Challenges & problems to reduce the ecological (carbon) footprint
short/medium term challenges: (1) Use of CO2 released from fossil fuels
(2) Storage & transport of electrical energy
Way of storage Volume to store 10 MWh1 electr. energy
Diesel oil 1 m3
CH4,g (200 bar, 20oC) 4 m3
H2,g (700 bar, 20oC) 6 m3
N-Ethyl-carbazol/H2 4 m3
Li-ion-battery 30 m3
compr. air (20 bar) 3,400 m3
pumped hydro2 (300 m) 14,000 m3
1 2 to 4 h full load of wind turbine; 2 0.04 TWh = 34 min of Germanys electr. prod.
Fluctuation of
electricity with time Production of electricity
far away from consumers
practically 100 % switch to
renewable energy, probably
driven by solar and wind
long term challenge (2050 and beyond): ecological footprint of 1 global earth
2012 2050
Cropland, grazing
land, forest ...
Biocapacity to
absorb CO2

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Warum CO2 als Rohstoff fr Kohlenwasserstoffe?

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Sources (emissions) & sinks (use) of CO2 emitted/fixed CO2 in Mt carbon/a
Global CO2 from power plants,
steel & cement production
(50% of total emissions)
+ 42001
(ca. 80% from coal)
Chemicals based on CO2 today
Total chemicals
- 44 (1% of CO2 of power plants...)
- 400 (9% of CO2 of power plants...)
Total gaseous & liquid fuels
for transport, heating, industry
(gasoline, diesel, kerosene, natural gas)
- 3.400 (79% of CO2 of power plants...)
Potentials for utilization of CO2 beyond carbon capture & storage
Only these sources are currently relevant for separation of CO2:
o relative high CO2-content (> 10 %)
o huge plants with high amounts of CO2
1 80% power plants, 12% cement, 8% blast furnace

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Sources (emissions) & sinks (use) of CO2 emitted/fixed CO2 in Mt carbon/a
Global CO2

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