Legalize and Promote DDT-NEG

8/9/2019 Legalize and Promote DDT-NEG

1/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 1 of 65

Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief

Index:

LEGALIZE AND PROMOTE DDT NEG BRIEF ............................................................................. 1

INDEX: ............................................................................................................................................... 1

STRATEGY NOTES: .........................................................................................................................6

POSITION/OPENING STATEMENT: ................................................................................................ 7

INHERENCY ...................................................................................................................................... 7DDT use has been increasing ...........................................................................................................................................................7DDT still present in 90% of Americans .......................................................................................................................................... .7DDT is banned in the US except for public health emergencies and many nations still use it ......................................................7

USAID already allows spraying of DDT when no alternatives are available ................................................................................ .7DDT is still allowed and used in 25 countries.................................................................................................................................7

STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ........................................................................................................... 8

The Stockholm convention (which we have signed) denies us the right to use DDT but already allows the use of DDT in

places where viable alternatives are not available........................................................................................................................... 8

The Stockholm convention denies us the right to export import or produce DDT and requires that necessary steps be taken toeliminate it, but it allows it in combating malaria only when locally safe, effective and affordable alternatives are notavailable to the Party in question. ........................................................................................................................................... ...... .8Stockholm convention requires that DDT and other POPs be reduced and eliminated ................................................................. .8The Stockholm convention denies us the right use DDT but it allows it for combating malaria only when locally safe,effective and affordable alternatives are not available ...................................................................................................................9Stockholm convention (which we have signed) already allows the use of DDT in places where alternatives are not available....9The Stockholm convention already allows the use of DDT in places where alternatives are not available. But aims to phasethem out .........................................................................................................................................................................................10Stockholm convention obligates us to phase out DDT by 2025 but currently allows developing countries to use it for malariacontrol if absolutely necessary ..................................................................................................................................................... ..10Stockholm convention seeks to phase out DDT but currently allows exemptions if absolutely necessary ................... ...............10The Stockholm convention allows needy countries to use DDT but it promotes alternatives ......................................................10

Passing the affirmatives plan undermines rule of law .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... ...... ...... ..... ....10

The Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties prohibits us from taking measures contrary to the intent of a treaty that wehave signed whether or not we have ratified it..............................................................................................................................10America must uphold the rule of law ........................................................................................................................................... ..11We must act morally, even if it means our own death ...................................................................................................................11

Impact Link: Nations get mad at us ............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ...11

Hypocrisy harms America's standing in the world ........................................................................................................... ...... ...... .11Breaking and Failing to ratify international treaties harms our reputation and makes it so that other nations wont do things wewant ................................................................................................................................................................................................11Breaking and Failing to ratify international treaties Isolates us and harms us .............................................................................12

Morality DA: ............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ............ ..... ..... ....12

Internal Link 1: natural law ....................................................................................................................................................... .12Internal Link 2: Western morality is inherently consistent with natural law ...................................................................... ...... .12B. Brink & Uniqueness: Eastern culture relies on the self for morality ...................................................................................... ..13


2/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 2 of 65C. Impact/Voter: International Law is key to permeation of natural law. Western morality influences such law but isinhibited by the Affirmative plan................................................................................................................................................... 13Voter: .............................................................................................................................................................................................13

COUNTER PLAN MATERIAL ......................................................................................................... 14

Ratify the Stockholm convention ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ............. ..... ..... ...... ...... .14

Counter plan advocacy: Ratify the Stockholm convention ............................................................................................................14Ratifying the Stockholm convention would allow us to have a say in the regulation of harmful chemicals and would give usaccess to information exchange ............................................................................................................................................. ...... ..14Ratifying the Stockholm convention would give us access to scientific peer reviewed process ................................................ ..14Failing to ratify the Stockholm convention harms US leadership .................................................................................................15

Redirect funds to malaria vaccines ............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ...... ...... ...... .15

Counter plan Advocacy: Redirect funds to Malaria vaccines ........................................................................................................15Countries need funding to fight malaria ........................................................................................................................................15

DDT CAUSES HEALTH PROBLEMS ............................................................................................. 16DDE and DDD are metabolic products of DDT ............................................................................................................................16

DDT causes cancer ............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. ............. ....16DDT causes cancer ..................................................................................................................................................... ...... ...... ...... .16Cancer risk increases with each generation exposed to DDT ........................................................................................................16

Breast cancer .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ...... .....16

DDT Compound Speeds Breast Cancer Growth (Additional warrant in non underlined card) ....................................................16DDT causes breast cancer ....................................................................................................................................................... ...... .17DDT causes breast cancer ....................................................................................................................................................... ...... .17DDT causes breast cancer that kills 46,000 women every year ....................................................................................................17Children exposed to DDT are 5 times as likely to develop breast cancer ............................................................................. ...... ..18DDT increases the risk of cancer 500%, previous studies on DDT and cancer were flawed ...................................................... ..18

Testicular cancer .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .....18

DDT causes testicular cancer .........................................................................................................................................................18Testicular cancer kills about 380 people per year ......................................................................................................................... .18

DDT harms the liver ............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. ........ ..... .19

DDT harms the Liver .....................................................................................................................................................................19Study shows that DDT significantly increases the risk of liver and biliary tract cancer ...............................................................19DDT significantly increases risk of liver cancer mortality ............................................................................................................19

DDT causes neurological damage ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. ......20

The longer a person is exposed to DDT the lower their neurobehavioral performance (i.e. It kills your brain/reasoning skills),this can only be explained by DDT exposure ................................................................................................................................20DDT harms the brain ........................................................................................................................................................ ...... ...... .20DDT harms mental and physical development in babies ...............................................................................................................20

DDT harms mental and physical development in babies ...............................................................................................................20DDT harms neurodevelopment in children ....................................................................................................................................21Exposure to DDT by birth decreases verbal, memory, quantitative and perceptual performance skills in children .....................21

DDT messes up the nervous system ............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .......... ..... ..... ..... ..... .21

DDT messes up the nervous system ................................................................................................................................. ...... ...... .21

Lung cancer ............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. ........ ..... .22

DDT causes lung cancer ................................................................................................................................................................22

DDT harms the reproductive system .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..... ..... .....22

DDT harms the reproductive system ...................................................................................................................................... ...... .22DDT harms reproductive capabilities .................................................................................................................................... ...... ..22


3/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 3 of 65DDT messes with hormones .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... ...... .22

DDT harms the liver, reproduction, and messes up hormones ......................................................................................................22DDT messes up hormones ............................................................................................................................................................ .23Messing with hormones=baaad stuff .............................................................................................................................. ...............23DDT disrupts endocrine .................................................................................................................................................................23Definition of endocrine ..................................................................................................................................................................23Definition of endocrine ..................................................................................................................................................................23Problems from DDT can lead to Population crashes which threaten everyone ............................................................................24

DDT increases preterm birth and decreases lactation .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..... ..... .....24

DDT Decreases duration of lactation (the time babies can nurse) .................................................................................................24Decreased duration of lactation leads to an increase in death .................................................................................. ...... ...............24DDT significantly increases pre-term births enough to offset any benefit from DDT use ........................................................... 25Deaths from pre-term births and decreased lactation could offset any benefit from DDT use ....................................................25DDT causes as many deaths in infants as it might possibly save by completely stopping malaria............................................... 25

DDT Degrades the Immune system .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ...26

Over time DDT degrades immune systems ................................................................................................................................. ..26Impact: Degrading the immune system has serious problems for the young and elderly ............................................................ 26

General lists of DDT health Harms .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. ............. ....26

DDT harms Biodiversity and humans ............................................................................................................................................26DDT leads to irreparable damage in humans and animals ............................................................................................... ...... ...... .27Scientific research shows many health problems from DDT ......................................................................................... ...............27DDT causes cancer, premature birth, and other health problems ........................................................................................... ...... .28DDT has many problems, it harms health, builds mosquito resistance, creates disposal problems, accumulates in the foodchain, and harms communities where they are produced ............................................................................................... ...............28DDT is a threat to human health, we must use alternatives........................................................................................................... 29

DDT accumulates ............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ............. ..... .29

DDT Accumulates in the human body and it gets passed down to children so over time the concentration in descendents willincrease..........................................................................................................................................................................................29DDT accumulates, if we let it exist for too long there will be problems .......................................................................................30

Argument Turns and Responses ............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ...... ..... ..... ..... .30

Health effects of DDT spraying are not being monitored in Africa ..............................................................................................30AT: WHO says DDT is safe WHO didnt take into account newer information ..................................................................... ..30AT: DDT needed to fight West Nile Virus ................................................................................................................... ...... ...... .31AT: American studies say there is no sig. health risk American DDT use/effects=/=African DDT use/effects DDT will havemuch worse effects in Africa ................................................................................................................................................. ...... ..31

MISC HARMS .................................................................................................................................. 31

When DDT is allowed for any use it gets illegally used in the Agricultural sector .............. .............. .............. .............. ............ .31

When DDT is allowed for any use it gets illegally used in the Agricultural sector and makes mosquitoes resistant ................. ..31When DDT is allowed for any use it gets illegally used in the Agricultural sector contaminating the food supply and disruptinginternational trade..........................................................................................................................................................................32

DDT production plants poisons people that live near them ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............ ..... ..... ..... ...... .32

New demands for DDT poisons poor communities that live near the production plants ..............................................................32

DDT HARMS ANIMALS AND BIO-DIVERSITY ............................................................................. 33

General: DDT harms bio diversity ............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .....33

We must stop both malaria and DDT which harms biodiversity ...................................................................................................33DDT accumulates in animals and has catastrophic results for many species (destroys Bio diversity) ........................................ .34DDT harms humans and Bio-diversity ........................................................................................................................... ...............34The ban on DDT saved many species from extinction, and we have done well without it (we found alternatives and there wasno malaria resurgence) ...................................................................................................................................................................35


4/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 4 of 65DDT kills harmless animals, so the EPA banned it since the damage from DDT is greater than its possible benefits ...............35DDT is toxic to fish, invertebrate species, and birds, and is probably responsible for cancer in humans as well ........................35

DDT hurts birds .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. ............ ..... ...36

Toxic ............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. ......... ...36

DDT is lethal to birds and fish and harms birds reproduction ......................................................................................................36We banned DDT because it almost wiped out several bird species ................................................................................. ...... ...... .36

DDT is detrimental to bird populations .........................................................................................................................................36

Reproductive ............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. ........... ...... ..... ....37

DDT harms bird populations ...................................................................................................................................... ...... ...... ...... .37Several qualified studies show that DDT harms bird populations .................................................................................................37DDT causes egg shell thinning in lots of birds which reduces populations ..................................................................................38DDT is toxic to birds, harms their reproduction and destroys their eggshells and embryos .........................................................38DDT is toxic to birds, harms their reproduction and destroys their eggshells and embryos .........................................................38DDT destroys male female balance in bird populations with serious consequences ....................................................................38

DDT hurts fish ............ ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ...........39

DDT is toxic and works its way up the food chain, destroying animals like fish ........................................................................39When DDT is sprayed it sticks to soil until it is carried to water by surface runoff (this is the link card to harms that occur inaquatic ecosystems) .................................................................................................................................................... ...... ...... ...... .39DDT is highly toxic to fishes and other useful aquatic life ...........................................................................................................40DDT accumulates in fish and can drastically affect populations ...................................................................................................40DDT has been shown to be lethal to fish and other beneficial life ......................................................................................... ...... .40DDT spraying for mosquitoes kills fish .........................................................................................................................................41

Fish Rock .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. ...... ..... ..... .41

Fish provide jobs for 45 million Africans ..................................................................................................................................... .41Fish help fight HIV/AIDS .............................................................................................................................................................41Fish are the main way to fight malnutrition ...................................................................................................................................41Fish are important in fighting poverty ............................................................................................................................ ...............42Fish are essential to food security in Africa ...................................................................................................................................42Fish prevent starvation ...................................................................................................................................................................42

DDT bio-accumulates in the food chain .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ...........42

DDT is toxic and works its way up the food chain destroying fish and birds...............................................................................42DDT accumulates through biomagnification, the more you get the worse the odds are for you ..................................................43DDT is toxic and works its way up the food chain, but the US ban stopped it ............................................................................43

Argument Turns and Responses ............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ...... ..... ..... ..... .44

AT: DDT wont get into the environment because we only legalize it for indoor spraying up to 82% of DDT will find its wayinto the outdoor environment......................................................................................................................................................... 44AT: DDT harms animals but helps humans, Humans are more important To regard the established effects that DDT has onwildlife as a different problem than adverse effects on human health is to create a false dichotomy: ..........................................44

BIO-D ROCKS: ................................................................................................................................ 44

Biodiversity loss empirically causes conditions that threaten human survival increased loss threatens ecosystem collapse andhumanitys very existence. David Diner 94 .................................................................................................................... ...... ...... .44Accepting biodiversity loss is like playing Russian Roulettewith humanitys existence. Paul Warner 94 ..............................45Species Loss Threatens Planetary Survivability and Diversity ............................................................................................. ...... ..45Species Loss Threatens Humans ....................................................................................................................................................45

DDT FAILS ....................................................................................................................................... 45

DDT Doesnt repel Mosquitoes .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ...........45

How DDT works: DDT is supposed to kill mosquitoes, it doesnt repel them.............................................................................45DDT doesnt repel mosquitoes......................................................................................................................................................46


5/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 5 of 65Mosquitoes are resistant ............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. ........46

Mosquitoes are getting so resistant that they arent even repelled ................................................................................................46Mosquitoes are increasingly resistant to DDT ...............................................................................................................................46Mosquitoes are resistant to DDT ...................................................................................................................................................47DDT fails, mosquitoes are resistant ...............................................................................................................................................47

Africans dont want DDT .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .....48

DDT use should be terminated for three reasons: ..........................................................................................................................48

DDT has serious implementation problems................................................................................................................................... 48Empirics prove: locals dont want DDT spraying, and will thwart US efforts to further DDT ....................................................48DDT spraying causes crops to be rejected by international markets (impacts: 1) hurts poor, 2) violates self government becausefarmers dont want it.) ....................................................................................................................................................................49

Argument Turns and Responses Re: malaria resurgence .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ....... ..... ..... ..... .49

AT: In what is now Sri Lanka malaria cases rose after DDT was banned Its not that simple, Mosquitoes developedresistance to DDT ..........................................................................................................................................................................49AT: DDT ban caused malaria resurgence in South America No there were other factors; the resurgence actually proves thatlarge scale house spraying is unsustainable................................................................................................................................... 49Malaria resurgence happened because mosquitoes became resistant ............................................................................................50AT: DDT ban causes malaria resurgence Nope there are lots of reasons..................................................................................50Malaria was already almost completely gone by the time DDT came into usage .........................................................................50AT: DDT eliminated malaria in US nope, draining wetlands was the main reason ..................................................................50

SQ ALTERNATIVES WORK/BETTER ........................................................................................... 51

Alternative advocacy: We can stop DDT AND Malaria .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... ...... ...... .51

Safer alternatives are available so we should phase out DDT .......................................................................................................51What works for one country might not work for another, we should aggressively advocate a host of alternatives to DDT ........51We must stop both malaria and DDT ......................................................................................................................... ...... ...... ...... .51We can solve malaria without DDT .............................................................................................................................................. .52

SQ is working on Alternatives that work ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. ....... ...... ...... ..52

The UN is working on cost effective and environmentally-friendly alternatives to DDT ............................................................52UN is furthering alternatives to Cut malaria by 60% while also eliminating DDT .......................................................................53

Alternatives to DDT are working great and saving lives ...............................................................................................................53Alternative methods are working to control malaria .....................................................................................................................53Gates foundation is combating malaria on several fronts .............................................................................................................53There are safe alternatives to DDT that are better and are still acceptable cost wise ....................................................................54People are working to stop malaria without DDT in the status quo ................................................................................. ...... ...... .54Alternatives work, Example: the Philippines ................................................................................................................................ .54More Effective and safer alternatives exist and they are working .................................................................................................55Examples: Mexico .........................................................................................................................................................................55Example: Kenya .............................................................................................................................................................................56Example: Vietnam .........................................................................................................................................................................56Example: India ...............................................................................................................................................................................56Example: the Philippines ..............................................................................................................................................................56

Bed nets ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. ..... ..56Nets work better and are cheaper than DDT at preventing malaria .............................................................................................. .56DDT has serious implementation problems. Bed nets are better and avoid DDTs problems ......................................................57Bed-nets work ................................................................................................................................................................................57Bed-nets work ................................................................................................................................................................................57Bed nets are more effective than DDT ............................................................................................................................. ...... ...... .58Bed nets are cheaper than DDT ............................................................................................................................................. ...... ..58Bed nets can be cheaper than DDT spraying .................................................................................................................................58

Vaccines .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ...... ..... ...... ..58

Vaccines would be much better than DDT because resistance to DDT is inevitable....................................................................58Vaccines would be much better than DDT ....................................................................................................................................58A new malaria vaccine has been discovered ..................................................................................................................................59


6/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 6 of 65 New malaria vaccine works ...........................................................................................................................................................59New malaria vaccine works better than even naturally developed protective immune responses to the parasite over lifelongexposure to malaria........................................................................................................................................................................ 59Details and further advocacy for the vaccine from University of Maryland School of Medicine's Center for VaccineDevelopment (CVD) ......................................................................................................................................................................60A new Malaria vaccine exists, and it works! .................................................................................................................................60Bill Gates is working toward defeating malaria and has already developed a vaccine that could potentially stop 70% of malariadeaths .............................................................................................................................................................................................60

Bill Gates is working toward defeating malaria and has already developed a vaccine that works ...............................................60Bill Gates is working toward defeating malaria and has already developed a vaccine that could be on the market as soon as2012 ................................................................................................................................................................................................61Gates is attacking Malaria with several promising vaccines ................................................................................................. ...... ..61

Other alternatives to DDT ............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ............ ..... ...... ..... ....61

Possible alternative: Traps .............................................................................................................................................................61Possible alternative: Methoprene ...................................................................................................................................................62New effective non toxic alternatives to DDT: Methoprene, Neem, and Insect-killing bacterium ...............................................62One natural way to fight malaria is to introduce natural predators of mosquitoes, several countries are doing this ....................62Working alternative: Sterilize the bugs (seriously, it works) ....................................................................................................... .63DDT alternative: Synthetic pyrenoids ........................................................................................................................ ...... ...... ...... .63

SOURCE INDICTS ...........................................................................................................................63Roger Innis, Paul Drissen, The Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, and the Committee for a constructive tomorrow .... .63CORE .............................................................................................................................................................................................64Africa Fighting Malaria and Congress for Racial Equality ...........................................................................................................64Africa Fighting Malaria .................................................................................................................................................................64

ADDITIONAL CREDENTIALS FOR REFERENCED STUDIES ..................................................... 64Additional credentials for the study by the U.S. Department of health and human services ...................................................... ..64Additional credentials for the UC Berkley study ...........................................................................................................................65Credentials for the vaccine study by University of Maryland School of Medicine's Center for Vaccine Development (CVD) . .65

Strategy Notes:I can just see the wheels turning in some of your minds, (esp. new debaters) Wow, this is a big brief obviouslyyou will not be able to read anything close to even a quarter of the brief in a single round.This brief has been developed to give you maximum flexibility in round as to the course your arguments will take.You can either:1) Be lame and Just argue DTT not necessary (lots of alternatives that work better),2) Be fatalistic and go for Solvency (DDT fails/illegal/attitudinal barrier)3) Be ruthless and Go for the jugular (DDT worst thing evah!!, extinction in several generations)Of course a good negative will use a combination of arguments.Although I am confident enough in the quality of this brief that you could just pull it in round I STRONGLYencourage you to use these cards to come up with your own individual shells that match your individual

argumentation style and the time limit.You will notice that I have also included several ATs which can be used as second line responses against Aff.Arguments, look at them so you know when to pull them. BTW while were talking about this; I have heard of cardsthat say something like no peer reviewed studies show any harm from DDT, hogwash. That evidence=lamestargument ever. Although I personally am not really against DDT there areLOTSof studies; many of which, BTW, areincluded in this brief. If the Aff pulls a card like that then have fun with them. CX sample:What was the source on the evidence that said No Studies show DDT to be Harmfull? Is (fill in blank with answer)omniscient? Oh, so you mean he doesnt know about every single study ever done? Thank you!Have fun! If youd let me know how the brief fares against which teams I would appreciate it.God bless, ~Josh Wilson


7/65


Position/opening statement:

No responsible person contends that insect-borne disease should be ignored. The question that has now urgentlypresented itself is whether it is either wise or responsible to attack the problem by methods that are rapidly making itworse. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring , 1962.

InherencyDDT use has been increasing

The scientific American, May 4, 2009 Should DDT Be Used to Combat Malaria? by Marla Cone and EnvironmentalHealth News http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=ddt-use-to-combat-malaria

Use of DDT to fight malaria has been increasing since it was endorsed in 2006 by the World Health Organization andthe President's Malaria Initiative, a U.S. aid program launched by former President Bush.

DDT still present in 90% of Americans

Reuters, April 29, 2008DDT-related chemical linked to testicular cancer http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN29321193DDE remains ubiquitous in the environment even decades after DDT was being banned in the United States -- and ispresent in about 90 percent of Americans, McGlynn [leader of the study] said. "The trouble with these chemicals isthey hang around a long time. It's in the food chain now," McGlynn added. People who eat fish from contaminatedareas can absorb it, for instance.

DDT is banned in the US except for public health emergencies and many nations still use it

The center for disease control and prevention Frequently AskedQuestions about DDT and DDE copyright 2010http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/fallon/ddtfaq.htm

DDT was manufactured to control insects on agricultural crops and insects that carry diseases like malaria and typhus.It does not occur naturally in the environment. Because of damage to wildlife and the potential harm to human health,the production and use of DDT was banned in the United States, except for during public health emergencies. DDT is

still used in some other countries.

USAID already allows spraying of DDT when no alternatives are available

USAID June 2 2009 Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS)http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/id/malaria/techareas/irs.html

USAID adheres to strict environmental guidelines, approval processes, and procedures for the use of DDT and allother World Health Organization (WHO)-approved insecticides in its malaria control programs. We work with WHOand national partners to build country-level capacity to ensure the safe and judicious use of all insecticides, includingDDT, used in malaria control programs.

DDT is still allowed and used in 25 countries.Professor Donald Gutstein (communications professor at Simon Fraser University) 22 Jan 2010 Inside the DDT PropagandaMachine http://thetyee.ca/Mediacheck/2010/01/22/DDTPropaganda/

Despite what the pro-DDT organizations alleged, DDT was not banned for use in mosquito control and could continueto be used in 25 countries in malarial regions. In these countries, limited amounts of DDT can be sprayed on theinside walls of houses to combat malaria-carrying mosquitoes. "The environmental community is collaborating withthe World Health Organization to ensure that the phase-out of the remaining uses of DDT does not undermine thebattle against malaria and the well-being of people living in malarial zones," the United Nations EnvironmentalProgramme reported


8/65


Stockholm convention

The Stockholm convention (which we have signed) denies us the right to use DDT but

already allows the use of DDT in places where viable alternatives are not

available.

The Stockholm convention denies us the right to export import or produce DDT and requires thatnecessary steps be taken to eliminate it, but it allows it in combating malaria only when

locally safe, effective and affordable alternatives are not available to the Party in question.

The Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants, Annex B part II, 2001 (signed by US in 2001)https://reader010.{domain}/reader010/html5/0531/5b0fcc2d40db7/5b0fcc3b3c8ed.png1. The production and use of DDT shall be eliminated except for Parties that have notified the Secretariat of theirintention to produce and/or use it. A DDT Register is hereby established and shall be available to the public. TheSecretariat shall maintain the DDT Register.2. Each Party that produces and/or uses DDT shall restrict such production and/or use for disease vector control inaccordance with the World Health Organization recommendations and guidelines on the use of DDT and when locallysafe, effective and affordable alternatives are not available to the Party in question.3. In the event that a Party not listed in the DDT Register determines that it requires DDT for disease vector control, it

shall notify the Secretariat as soon as possible in order to have its name added forthwith to the DDT Register. It shallat the same time notify the World Health Organization.4. Every three years, each Party that uses DDT shall provide to the Secretariat and the World Health Organizationinformation on the amount used, the conditions of such use and its relevance to that Partys disease managementstrategy, in a format to be decided by the Conference of the Parties in consultation with the World HealthOrganization. 5. With the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating the use of DDT, the Conference of the Partiesshall encourage: (a) Each Party using DDT to develop and implement an action plan as part of the implementationplan specified in Article 7. That action plan shall include:

(i) Development of regulatory and other mechanisms to ensure that DDT use is restricted to disease vectorcontrol;(ii) Implementation of suitable alternative products, methods and strategies, including resistance managementstrategies to ensure the continuing effectiveness of these alternatives;

(iii) Measures to strengthen health care and to reduce the incidence of the disease.(b) The Parties, within their capabilities, to promote research and development of safe alternative chemical and non-chemicalproducts, methods and strategies for Parties using DDT, relevant to the conditions of those countries and with the goal ofdecreasing the human 30 and economic burden of disease. Factors to be promoted when considering alternatives or combinationsof alternatives shall include the human health risks and environmental implications of such alternatives. Viable alternatives toDDT shall pose less risk to human health and the environment, be suitable for disease control based on conditions in the Parties inquestion and be supported with monitoring data.6. Commencing at its first meeting, and at least every three years thereafter, the Conference of the Parties shall, in consultationwith the World Health Organization, evaluate the continued need for DDT for disease vector control on the basis of availablescientific, technical, environmental and economic information, including:(a) The production and use of DDT and the conditions set out in paragraph 2;(b) The availability, suitability and implementation of the alternatives to DDT; and(c) Progress in strengthening the capacity of countries to transfer safely to reliance on such alternatives.

Stockholm convention requires that DDT and other POPs be reduced and eliminated

Stockholm Convention Secretariat 2008 Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutantshttp://chm.pops.int/Convention/tabid/54/language/en-US/Default.aspx#convtext

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and theenvironment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributedgeographically and accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife. Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) can lead serious health effects including certain cancers, birth defects, dysfunctional immune and reproductivesystems, greater susceptibility to disease and even diminished intelligence. Given their long range transport, no onegoverning acting alone can protect is citizens or its environment from POPs. In response, the Stockholm Convention,


9/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 9 of 65which was adopted in 2001 and entered into force 2004, requires Parties to take measures to eliminate or reduce therelease of POPs into the environment.

The Stockholm convention denies us the right use DDT but it allows it for combating malaria onlywhen locally safe, effective and affordable alternatives are not available

Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA) (Selected by the editors of the Encyclopdia Britannica for BritannicaInternet Guide Award (Best of the Web). For its quality, accuracy of content, presentation and usability.) Works to replace the

use of hazardous pesticides with ecologically sound and socially just alternatives. As one of five PAN Regional Centersworldwide, we link local and international consumer, labor, health, environment and agriculture groups into an internationalcitizens action network. This network challenges the global proliferation of pesticides, defends basic rights to health and

environmental quality, and works to ensure the transition to a just and viable society.) PAN is led by: Steve Scholl-Buckwald( Ph.DHistory and American Studies from Indiana University. before joining PAN Steve taught and served as a dean at OhioWesleyan University and John F. Kennedy University in California From 1969 to 1985.) Heather Pilatic (Ph.DLiterature from

Duke University Before joining PAN Heather studied science studies and social theory at Duke Universitys Literature Program.

Her doctoral research focused on twentieth-century U.S. political culture, economics and intellectual history with a focus on

conceptions of science and citizenship around the turn of the century. Prior to returning to graduate school, Heather worked in

marketing and communications for technology start-ups, and has volunteered or worked for environmental and social justice

nonprofits over a period of ten years.) Kathryn Gilje ( B.S., Environmental Sciencefrom University of Minnesota College ofAgricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Kathryn joined PAN in 2005, bringing ten years of organizing, fundraising,program planning and organizational development experience with food, agriculture and social justice organizations. Before

joining PAN Kathryn worked for ten years on organizing, fundraising, program planning and organizational development

experience with food, agriculture and social justice organizations. She was also senior associate with the Institute for Agriculture

and Trade Policy) Monica Moore ( M.S.in Environmental Science Policy and Managementfrom University of California,Berkeley. Monica has been engaged with pesticide issues since 1980, including working with NGO coalitions in Brazil, staffing

the Food First Pesticide Project, and co-founding PAN North America in 1984. She serves as an advisor and/or board member to

many local, national and international organizations, and is active in consultations on sustainable agriculture, environmental

health, preservation of biodiversity and genetic resources.)

2008Safe Malaria Solutions - Beyond DDT http://www.panna.org/ddtThe Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is an international treaty calling for theelimination of hazardous chemicals that persist in the environment and in our bodies, and travel the world in waterand on air. DDT is among the original twelve chemicals targeted for global phaseout by the POPs treaty, withexemptions for countries where controlling disease vectors (like mosquitos) are necessary and locally safe, effectiveand affordable alternatives are not available. 163 governments from around the world are party to this legally binding

treaty

Stockholm convention (which we have signed) already allows the use of DDT in places where

alternatives are not available.

The Environmental Defense Fund (Since 1967, the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has linked science, economics andlaw to create innovative, equitable and cost-effective solutions to society's most urgent environmental problems. Environmental

Defense Fund is dedicated to protecting the environmental rights of all people, including future generations. Among these rightsare access to clean air and water, healthy and nourishing food, and flourishing ecosystems. Guided by science, Environmental

Defense Fund evaluates environmental problems and works to create and advocate solutions that win lasting political, economic

and social support because they are nonpartisan, cost-efficient and fair. Environmental Defense Fund is a leading national

organization representing more than 700,000 members.

Received the highest rating of four stars by Charity Navigator, the independent charity evaluator.

Environmental Defense is the only environmental group named among "the most successful nonprofits in recent U.S. history" in

the new book Forces for Good.

Ranked first among environmental groups and second overall in the 2007 Financial Times global study of 850 business-

nonprofit partnerships.

"Environmental Defense is probably the best nonprofit to find the intersection between profit and planet."-McDonald's SeniorDirector of Social Responsibility Bob Langert

America's most economically literate green campaigners"-The Economist) 28-Dec-2006 The U.S. Ban on DDT, A ContinuingSuccess Story http://www.edf.org/article.cfm?contentID=4407

Environmental Defense supports the practical approach taken in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent OrganicPollutants (POPS), which was agreed to by international negotiators in 2001 and which the U.S. has signed but notratified. This treaty allows indoor use of DDT to control disease-spreading insects when "locally safe, effective andaffordable alternatives are not available." The POPS treaty aims to encourage the development of less persistent and


10/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 10 of 65toxic alternatives, in order to allow the eventual elimination of DDT. The treaty also provides a system to track DDTusage so that it is not used in widespread, outdoor applications that would harm wildlife and human health.Environmental Defense believes that, as cost-effective alternatives become available, all uses of DDT should bephased out.

The Stockholm convention already allows the use of DDT in places where alternatives are not

available. But aims to phase them out

USAID June 2 2009 Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS)http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/id/malaria/techareas/irs.htmlDDT is one of the WHO-approved insecticides for IRS. Its use for IRS to prevent malaria is an allowable exceptionunder the Stockholm Convention also known as the Persistent Organic Pollutants Treaty or POPs Treaty whenused in accordance with WHO guidelines and when safe, effective, and affordable alternatives are not available. TheStockholm Convention aims to eventually end the use of all POPs, including DDT.

Stockholm convention obligates us to phase out DDT by 2025 but currently allows developing

countries to use it for malaria control if absolutely necessary

ScienceDaily July 5, 2006 DDT In Mothers Linked To Developmental Delays In Children, UC Berkeley Study Findshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/07/060705090426.htm

Since 2001, more than 100 countries have committed to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants,which calls for the elimination by the year 2025 of DDT and 11 other persistent pollutants. Because DDT is inexpensiveand effective in controlling mosquitoes at least in those regions where insects have not yet become resistant to it theconvention permits its use for malaria control until safe, affordable and effective alternatives can be found.

Stockholm convention seeks to phase out DDT but currently allows exemptions if absolutely necessary

The scientific American, May 4, 2009 Should DDT Be Used to Combat Malaria? by Marla Cone and EnvironmentalHealth News http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=ddt-use-to-combat-malaria

In 2001, more than 100 countries signed the Stockholm Convention, a United Nations treaty which sought toeliminate use of 12 persistent, toxic compounds, including DDT. Under the pact, use of the pesticide is allowed onlyfor controlling malaria. Since then, nine nationsEthiopia, South Africa, India, Mauritius, Myanmar, Yemen, Uganda,

Mozambique and Swazilandnotified the treaty's secretariat that they are using DDT. Five othersZimbabwe, NorthKorea, Eritrea, Gambia, Namibia and Zambia--also reportedly are using it, and six others, including China, have reserved the

right to begin using it, according to a January Stockholm Convention report. "This is a global issue," Eskenazi [a Universityof California at Berkeley School of Public Health professor] said. "We need to enforce the Stockholm Convention andto have a plan for each country to phase out DDT, and if they feel they can't, good reason why other options cannotwork."

The Stockholm convention allows needy countries to use DDT but it promotes alternatives

UN News Centre 3 November 2008 Safer alternatives to malaria-controlling DDT focus of UN-backed meetinghttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28793&Cr=Chemical&Cr1=

Countries are permitted under the Stockholm Convention to obtain exemptions allowing them to use DDT to treat the

inside walls of houses to kill the mosquitoes that carry the malaria parasite to humans. The UN EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP), which hosts the Conventions secretariat, advocates safer alternatives to DDT which would alsogive Governments greater choice.

Passing the affirmatives plan undermines rule of law

The Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties prohibits us from taking measures contrary to the

intent of a treaty that we have signed whether or not we have ratified it.

Vienna Convention On The Law Of Treaties Article 18 Signed At Vienna 23 May 1969Entry Into Force: 27 January1980http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multi/texts/BH538.txt


11/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 11 of 65A State is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty when it has signed thetreaty or has exchanged instruments constituting the treaty subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, until it shall have madeits intention clear not to become a party to the treaty

Impact: Passing the affirmatives plan undermines rule of law

(Note: This can be turned into a kritik, or at least argued as a-priori, very easily)

America must uphold the rule of law

Barry Kellman, Prof at Depaul,Duke Law Journal, December1989, p. 1597-1602America must uphold its historical commitment to be a nation of law. Our strength grows from the resolve to subjectmilitary force to constitutional authority. [He goes on to state] The very underpinnings of constitutional governanceare threatened by those who contend that the rule of law weakens the execution of military policy. Their argument --that because our adversaries are not restricted by our Constitution, we should become more like our adversaries tosecure ourselves -- cannot be sustained if our tradition of adherence to the rule of law is to be maintained. To thecontrary, the judiciary must be willing to demand adherence to legal principles by assessing responsibility.

We must act morally, even if it means our own death

Watson, philosophy professor, Washington University, WORLD HUNGER AND MORAL OBLIGATION, 1977,pp.

118-9.One may even have to sacrifice ones life or ones nation to be moral in situations where practical behavior wouldpreserve it. For example, if a prisoner of war undergoing torture is to be a (perhaps dead) patriot even when reasontells him that collaboration will hurt no one, he remains silent. [He goes on to state]. That an action is necessary tosave ones life is no excuse for behaving unpatriotically or immorally if one wishes to be a patriot or moral. Noprinciple of morality absolves one of behaving immorally simply to save ones life or nation. There is a strict analogyhere between adhering to moral principles for the sake of being moral, and adhering to Christian principles for thesake of being Christian. The moral world contains pits and lions, but one looks always to the highest light. Theultimate test always harks back to the highest principle recant or die and it is pathetic to profess morality if onequits when the going gets rough.

Impact Link: Nations get mad at us

Hypocrisy harms America's standing in the world

US Senator Carl Levin (Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee), April 26, 2007,"On Legal IssuesRegarding Individuals Detained as Unlawful Enemy Combatants," http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=273127America's standing in the world has taken a nosedive since the world embraced us after 9/11. According to a recentpoll conducted by the Program on International Policy Attitudes, 67% of the people surveyed across 25 countriesdisapprove of the U.S. handling of Guantanamo detainees. The Program Director explained: "The thing that comes uprepeatedly is not just anger about Iraq. The common theme is hypocrisy. The reaction tends to be - You were achampion of a certain set of rules. Now you are breaking your own rules."

Breaking and Failing to ratify international treaties harms our reputation and makes it so that other

nations wont do things we want

Laurence R. Helfer(Professor of Law and Director, International Legal Studies Program, Vanderbilt University LawSchool.) EXITING TREATIES 26October 2005 http://www.virginialawreview.org/content/pdfs/91/1579.pdfThe link between reputation and compliance is simply stated: If a state fails to comply with its treaty commitments,other states will be reluctant to enter into future agreements with that state or will demand additional assurances orconcessions before doing so [He goes on to state in the same context] multiple refusals to ratifyas with multipledenunciations of previously ratified agreementssignal a states propensity to eschew multilateral cooperation andcarry much the same reputational cost as a track record of violating treaty commitments. This effect is likely to be


12/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 12 of 65especially pronounced where the non-ratifying or exiting state participated in the negotiating conferences that helpedto shape the treaties form and substance.

Breaking and Failing to ratify international treaties Isolates us and harms us

Roseann M. Latore (the solicitations editor & symposium chair of the Boston college international & comparative lawreview .) Escape out the back door or charge in the front door: U.S. reactions to the international criminal courthttp://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/25_1/06_TXT.htmThe United States may be the worlds greatest superpower, but this status does not give it an excuse to hold itselfabove the will of all others in the application of international law. U.S. unilateralism no longer serves U.S. nationalinterests. Instead, by refusing to be bound by rules that the international community supports and by liberallysanctioning nations that have offended it, the United States is isolating itself from the international community [Shegoes on to say] The United States cannot use its current status to unilaterally veto that which the majority of theworlds nations support, and expect that it will not be harmed by the result.

Brink: As Anti-Americanism is linear, this disadvantage requires no brink. In other words, as we are morehypocritical, there is more Anti-Americanism

Analysis: Because the world is fed-up with us pulling out of so many treaties and even if there are clauses that allowthat sort of thing, it is, and should be, looked down upon. We should be a country of our word, and a people of ourword, and when we say that we will do something or support something or suppress something, the world can knowthat we will stand by that.

Impacts: (Use all that juicy stuff in BBM ATCA reform and any stuff about soft power)

(Note: you might be able to run a Kritik on hypocrisy, I havent seen one yet but I think it could work well)

Morality DA:

(Note: Thanks to Will Malson for this DA)

Internal Link 1: natural law

S: (n) law, natural law (a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to orbinding upon human society)(Princeton WordNet, 2009)

Internal Link 2: Western morality is inherently consistent with natural law

M.J. Cherry, Natural Law and the Possibility of a Global Ethics (Philosophical Studies inContemporary Culture), Page 24, 4. APPARENT MORAL AGREEMENT AND REASONINGACROSS MORAL BOUNDARIES, Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (November 3, 2004), ISBN-10:

1402022239, ISBN-13: 978-14020222344.1Apparent Agreement: Respecting Rights and LibertiesWith regard to respecting individual rights and liberties, we confront the problem not only of defining basic humangoods and human fulfillment, but also of determining how such goods ought to be realized. Consider, for example, themoral principles of equality and autonomy, central to Western accounts of morality and bioethics. The dominantaccounts of Western bioethics regard moral decision-making within the framework of a "liberal cosmopolitan polity,"to use H.T. Engelhardt's terminology, in which citizens are understood as moral agents who compromise with eachother in the realization of individual liberty, understood in terms of the economic and institutional conditions andsocial structures which sustain fair equality of opportunity and personal autonomy (Engelhardt, 2000). Traditionalfamilial, religious, and community oriented understandings of human flourishing are marginalized, criticized, andcalled into question. Western bioethics generally judges the decision to live and make medical choices within atraditional family structure that does not value autonomous authenticity as morally deficient. Western bioethicists


13/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 13 of 65appeal, for example, to a general moral consensus that individual-oriented informed consent is important forrespecting the rights of persons: insofar as the patient is competent, he is the best judge of his own best interests andhis decision should in the end trump, as long as there are no significant interests of others at sake.14 Governmentaland institutional biomedical policy, such as individual-oriented informed consent and ideologically directededucation, is structure so as progressively to discourage the choice to remain in a traditional religious or culturalcommunity (Engelhardt, 2002, 25).

B. Brink & Uniqueness: Eastern culture relies on the self for morality

Dimitar Stankov, The Philosophy of Person: Solidarity and Cultural Creativity: Polish PhilosophicalStudies, I (Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change, Iva, Eas) by Jozef Tischner (Editor), George

F. McLean (Editor), Jozef Zycinski (Editor), CHAPTER IX: THE MORAL CULTURE OF THEPERSON, Publisher: Council for Research in Values (October 1994), ISBN-10: 1565180496, ISBN-13: 978-1565180499Since antiquity Eastern peoples have coined the notion "culture of the heart", in the sense of a culture of feelings. It isoften forgotten that the greatness of the human spirit reveals itself not so much, and not only, in thoughts, ideas, andknowledge, but also in feelings, attractions and passions. That is why it comes as no surprise that Eastern culturedevotes so much attention to purity of mind, feelings and experience. The notion of culture is understood more as aculture of heart than of mind: spiritual harmony could not be achieved only through a culture of mind and intellect;one needs the other inner culture of heart and feelings.

C. Impact/Voter: International Law is key to permeation of natural law. Western morality

influences such law but is inhibited by the Affirmative plan.

The Desert News quoting Senator Elbert D. Thomas, "International Law Seen As Key for WorldPeace", Dec 4, 1947, evening edition, Vol. 348, No. 57, 98th yearWASHING, D. C.Inter- national law which recognizes the "natural law written by God" is the only formula thatwill secure and defend the future peace of the world, Sen. Elbert D. Thomas (D-Utah) declared today. SenatorThomas' views were expressed at a semester social evening of the faculty and members of the student council of thelaw school of the Catholic University of America here in an address entitled "World Events and America's LegalFundamentals." Discussing basic principles and ideals, Mr. Thomas briefly talked of the Chinese who provided thereason for law and punishment which is to promote virtue, and of Thomas Jefferson who believed that our liberties

"are the gift of God." "Those things for which we will fight," the senator said, "which we will defend, are very, verysimple principles, and they are related to our concept of democracy. "We are going to defend the right to come and gofreely, the right to buy and sell, the right to own and dispose. In short, we are going to stand for those four greatfreedoms in relation to person, to mind, to soul, and to property which we in America classify as our civil liberties."We have accepted the thesis," Senator Thomas said, "that not only is war of universal concern, but also that chaos,poverty and starvation breed chaos, poverty and starvation. We know that disorder and anarchy produce disorder andanarchy, that order and prosperity beget peace, and we realize that these are of universal application. Concluding onthe subject of international relations, Senator Thomas noted a 1945 quotation by the pope who said: ". . . For it isinternational law which recognizes its foundation in that natural law written by God in the conscience of every man,and from it derives ultimately its binding force. The alternative is the law of the stronger; and then the defenses ofpeace will collapse under the first attack launched by those for whom might makes right."

Voter:

Voting for the plan succeeds in alienating us from the international community, which is key to thespread of Western morality. Vote negative to continue with squos relevance. This disad outweighs affadvantages saving thousands of lives is negligible compared with the prospect of saving millionsmore by furthering morality in Eastern culture.


14/65


Counter plan material

Ratify the Stockholm convention

(This counter plan is mutually exclusive, net beneficial, and arguably non topical as it is a change in

international rather than domestic policy (and thus arguably non topical according to original intent

standards since the NCFCA alternates between domestic and international policy) and would not

significantly change our general goals or guiding principles (See BBA topicality press: policy=goal)

Counter plan advocacy: Ratify the Stockholm convention

The Environmental Defense Fund (Since 1967, the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has linked science, economics andlaw to create innovative, equitable and cost-effective solutions to society's most urgent environmental problems. Environmental

Defense Fund is dedicated to protecting the environmental rights of all people, including future generations. Among these rights

are access to clean air and water, healthy and nourishing food, and flourishing ecosystems. Guided by science, Environmental

Defense Fund evaluates environmental problems and works to create and advocate solutions that win lasting political, economic

and social support because they are nonpartisan, cost-efficient and fair. Environmental Defense Fund is a leading national

organization representing more than 700,000 members.

Received the highest rating of four stars by Charity Navigator, the independent charity evaluator.

Environmental Defense is the only environmental group named among "the most successful nonprofits in recent U.S. history" in

the new book Forces for Good.Ranked first among environmental groups and second overall in the 2007 Financial Times global study of 850 business-

nonprofit partnerships.

"Environmental Defense is probably the best nonprofit to find the intersection between profit and planet."-McDonald's Senior

Director of Social Responsibility Bob Langert

America's most economically literate green campaigners"-The Economist) 28-Dec-2006 The U.S. Ban on DDT, A ContinuingSuccess Story http://www.edf.org/article.cfm?contentID=4407

Special efforts on the part of the developed world should be made either to produce low-cost alternatives and to assistpoorer countries in purchasing higher priced alternatives are urgently needed. The long-term answer to control ofmalaria and other insect-borne diseases lies with adequate investment in public health surveillance, treatment andcomprehensive pest management, including the identification of safer and more effective pesticides. We urge the U.S.government to contribute to achieving these goals by ratifying the Stockholm Convention

Ratifying the Stockholm convention would allow us to have a say in the regulation of harmful

chemicals and would give us access to information exchange

Stockholm Convention Secretariat 2008 Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutantshttp://chm.pops.int/Convention/tabid/54/language/en-US/Default.aspx#convtext

Parties nominate official contact points for the purpose of administrative functions and all official communicationsunder the Convention. Parties shall also nominate national focal points for the purpose of information exchangepursuant to Article 9 of the Convention.

Ratifying the Stockholm convention would give us access to scientific peer reviewed process

Center for International Environmental Law (Nonprofit organization that provides environmentallegal services ininternationaland comparative environmental law.) March 13, 2006 U.S. Ratification of the Stockholm Convention: Analysisof Pending POPs Legislation Update http://www.ciel.org/Publications/POPs_Bills_28Feb2006.pdf


15/65

Joshua Wilson Legalize and promote DDT Neg brief Page 15 of 65The international procedure to add POPs to the Stockholm Convention guarantees a thorough, deliberate, science-based review over the course of years. Once the United States becomes a party to the Convention, the U.S.government is expected to participate fully in this process. Therefore, decisions reached under the treaty to ban orseverely restrict additional POPs should provide the starting point for U.S. domestic regulation. The United Statesshould utilize the information and analysis developed through the Conventions scientific review process in futuredomestic regulation of POPs.

Failing to ratify the Stockholm convention harms US leadership

Center for International Environmental Law (Nonprofit organization that provides environmentallegal services ininternationaland comparative environmental law.) March 13, 2006 U.S. Ratification of the Stockholm Convention: Analysisof Pending POPs Legislation Update http://www.ciel.org/Publications/POPs_Bills_28Feb2006.pdf

Following the first meeting of the Stockholm Convention in May 2005, where the United States was relegated toobserver status, pressure has been rising for U.S. ratification. In July 2005 Secretary of State Rice and EPAAdministrator Johnson sent a joint letter to the House and Senate leadership warning of negative repercussions forU.S. leadership in international chemicals discussions if Congress does not act quickly to adopt necessaryimplementing legislation.

Redirect funds to malaria vaccines(This counter plan is non topical and net beneficial as it avoids the problems of DDT and is more

effective at combating malaria)

Counter plan Advocacy: Redirect funds to Malaria vaccines

Seattle Times June 13, 2008 Gates Foundation tackles a giant that preys on Africa's childrenhttp://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/malaria/2003897861_malariatanzania09.html

The Malaria Vaccine Initiative's contract with GSK sets a ceiling on the price that can be charged for the vaccine, butit also guarantees a profit. Otherwise, the company would have no incentive to keep producing a drug that has nomarket in the wealthy world, Rabinovitch says. GSK estimates it has invested $300 million of its own money in the vaccineproject. But it's still unclear who will pay for the finished product. The vaccines that African children get now cost a fewcents to a few dollars. The price of the more complex malaria vaccine will depend on how many countries use it, but itcould be as high as $9. Up to 25 million children a year would need three doses, pushing the potential annual cost tonearly $700 million. The hope is that rich nations will pay through international groups like the Global Fund to FightAIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and a vaccine program called the GAVI Alliance both of which get major grantsfrom the Gates Foundation.

Countries need funding to fight malaria

WWF (world wide fund for Nature) study report on DDT JUNE 1998 (Dr. Patricia Matteson, consultant to WWF, hadprimary responsibility for developing the information in this report on malaria management. Additional contributions came from

Dr. Michael Smolen and Dr. Susan Sang on health and environmental effects; Dr. Donald Mackay and his coauthors on the

exposure model; Montira Pongsiri on DDT production and use; the various contributing authors of the underlying case studies,

including Reg Allsop, Tsetse Control Division, Botswana; Priti Kumar and Raj Kishor Khaware, Centre for Science and

Environment, India; Gary R. Mullins, Department of Animal Health and Production, Botswana; Jorge Ramrez, Mexico; BruceBenton and colleagues, World Bank Onchocerciasis Coordination Unit, USA; Clive Shiff and Peter Winch, Johns Hopkins

University School of Hygiene and Public Health, USA; Japhet Minjas and Zul Premji, Muhimbili University College of Health

Sciences, Tanzania; Leonard Ortega and colleagues, Philippine Malaria Control Service; Lilian de las Llagas, University of the

Philippines College of Public Health; Jorge Mndez and Martn Tellaeche, Secretara de Salud, Mexico; Fernando Bejarano,

Red de Accon sobre Plaguididas y Alternativas en Mxico; and Julia Langer, Richard Liroff , and Stephen Leahy.)

RESOLVING THE DDT DILEMMA http://assets.panda.org/downloads/resolvingddt.pdf

International lending agencies and other international financial pressures are placing substantial pressures ondeveloping nations budgets. If malaria management programs are to have any chance of success in many countries,targeted financial assistance must be provided by donor nations.


16/65


DDT causes health problems

DDE and DDD are metabolic products of DDT

Peer reviewed study by the U.S. Department of health and human services (see add. creds., authored by 5 PHDs 2 masterdegrees, an MPH(masters of public health, highest medical degree available) and 2 research corporations)Public HealthService Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2002 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp35.pdfPeople are not exposed to DDT, DDE, or DDD individually, but rather to a mixture of all three compounds sinceDDE and DDD are degradation and metabolic products of DDT. In addition, DDT, DDE, and DDD each can exist inthree isomeric forms based on the relative position of the chlorine substitutions on the two chlorophenyl rings

DDT causes cancer

DDT causes cancer

Peer reviewed study by the U.S. Department of health and human services (see add. creds., authored by 5 PHDs 2 masterdegrees, an MPH(masters of public health, highest medical degree available) and 2 research corporations)Public HealthService Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2002 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp35.pdfBased on all of the evidence available, the Department of Health and Human Services has determined that DDT isreasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Similarly, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)has determined that DDT is possibly carcinogenic to humans. EPA has determined that DDT, DDE, and DDD areprobable human carcinogens.

Cancer risk increases with each generation exposed to DDT

Peer reviewed study by the U.S. Department of health and human services (see add. creds., authored by 5 PHDs 2 masterdegrees, an MPH(masters of public health, highest medical degree available) and 2 research corporations)Public HealthService Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2002 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp35.pdfSeveral multigeneration studies have been conducted in mice. In these studies, exposure of the F1 and subsequentgenerations to DDT was initially perinatal (i.e., in utero and through lactation) and was followed postweaning by oralexposure to DDT in the diet. In a study by Tarjan and Kemeny (1969), exposure to 0.4 mgp,p-DDT/kg/day resultedin significant increases in leukemia and pulmonary carcinomas in the F2 generation and occurred with increasingfrequency with each subsequent generation of mice.

Brea

Legalize and Promote DDT-NEG

Documents

Transcript of Legalize and Promote DDT-NEG