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Legal Requirements for

Motor Vehicles and Trailers

according to ECE Regulation 48

Ideas today forthe cars of tomorrow

2 © Hella KGaA

Summary of Lighting Regulations

In order to optimally equip and/or retrofit a vehicle, legal require-ments must be considered. On the following pages, we want tointroduce you to the legal requirement according to ECE regu-lation 48 for the installation of front, side and rear lighting. Thechapter is separated into regulations for motorhomes and trai-lers. It specifies which lights are legally required and which arenot authorized.The overview is divided into two parts:■ Requirements for motor vehicle classes (passenger car, motor-

home, bus, truck, municipal- and special body design)■ Requirement for vehicle classes (12 V-trailer, caravan and 24

V-trailer).

It also describes in detail the installation requirement for eachlight. The colour-coding and the Quick Finder will help you toquickly find the desired regulation.

From experience it is known that legal requirement may change.Therefore, we do not guarantee indefinitely for these equipmentprovisions.

Passenger car

Truck

Municipal and SpecialBody Design

Bus

Motorhome

12-V Trailer

Caravan

24-V Trailer

Motor vehicle classes Vehicle classes

M1 Motor vehicles up to 3.5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity

M2 Motor vehicles up to 5 tons and over 9 person transport capacity

M3 Motor vehicles over 5 tons and over 9 person transport capacity

N1 Motor vehicles for goods transportation up to 3.5 tons

N2 Motor vehicles for goods transportation over 3.5 up to 12 tons

N3 Motor vehicles for goods transportation over 12 tons

O1 Trailers up to 0.75 tons

O2 Trailers over 0.75 up to 3.5 tons

O3 Trailers over 3.5 up to 10 tons

O4 Trailers over 10 tons

These pictograms show which regulation isapplicable to which classes.

Rear Lighting Motorhomes ■ Highlighted in red■ Pages 14-21

3© Hella KGaA

1

2

3

Front LightingMotorhomes ■ Highlighted in blue■ Pages 4-9

Front Lighting Trailer

■ Highlighted in blue■ Pages 22-25

Side Lighting Motorhomes■ Highlighted in yellow■ Pages 10-13

Rear Lighting Trailers

■ Highlighted in red■ Pages 28-35

Side Lighting Trailers

■ Highlighted in yellow■ Pages 26-27

45

6

Motor vehicle classes(passenger car, motorhome, bus, truck, municipal and special body design)

Vehicle classes(12 V trailer, caravan and 24 V trailer)

1

4 © Hella KGaA

Legal Regulations for Motorhomes according to ECE Regulation 48

Motorhome - Front

■ ECE-R 77Parking light, front and rear■ ECE-R 87Daytime running lights■ ECE-R 91Side marker light■ ECE-R 98/99Xenon headlight

■ ECE-R 104Retro-reflective markings ■ ECE-R 112Halogen headlights■ ECE-R 119Cornering light■ ECE-R 48For installation and use

Truck/Bus/motorhome/Vehicle

Mo

tor-

Vehi

cle

Cla

sses M1 Vehicles up to 3.5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity

M2 Vehicles up to 5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity

M3 Vehicles over 5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity

N1 Vehicles for goods transportation up to 3.5 tons

N2 Vehicles for goods transportation over 3.5 up to 12 tons

N3 Vehicles for goods transportation over 12 tons

1

Legal Regulations for Lights and HeadlightsDue to the scope of legal regulations, only the most importantlegal regulations are explained at this point. In the following regu-lations you can find all relevant information pertaining to signallights, their characteristics and usage.

■ ECE-R 3Reflector■ ECE-R 4Licence plate light■ ECE-R 6Turn signals, front, rear and side■ ECE-R 7Sidelight, taillight, brake light, clearance light■ ECE-R 19Fog light■ ECE-R 23Reverse light■ ECE-R 38Rear fog light

5© Hella KGaA

Attachment Legally required for all vehicle classes

Quantity 2

Mounting Height Min. 500 mm, max. 1,200 mm

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.Min. 600 mm between both dipped beam lights.Not valid for M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles. In all othermotor-vehicle classes min. 400 mm if total width of vehicle< 1,300 mm

Electric Circuit Paired activation of additional headlights for dippedbeam and main beam lights authorized. During switch todipped beam light, all main beam lights must be simulta-neously deactivated.

Tell-Tale Authorized

Other Regulations If the headlights are equipped with > 2,000 lumen lightsources (usually Xenon) (low and main beam light),automatic headlight range adjustment and a headlightcleaning system must be installed. These requirementsapply for retrofitting of vehicles in use, retrofitted afterApril 1, 2000.

Only the headlights for the dipped beam light accordingto ECE R 98 or 112 may radiate bend lighting.

Dipped beam headlights

Main beam headlights


Quantity 2 or 4, for N3 vehicles = 6

Mounting Height No special regulations

Mounting Width No special regulations, but must be attached so that thedriver is not bothered by the reflection.

Electric Circuit Paired activation of additional headlights for dippedbeam and main beam lights authorized. During switch todipped beam light, all main beams must be simulta-neously deactivated.

Tell-Tale Blue control light

Other Regulations The light intensity of all activatable headlights may notexceed 225,000 Candela. The sum of the referencenumbers must not be larger than 75.

Min. 500 mm

Max. 1.200 mm

Max. 400 mm Min. 600 mm

1

valid for:

valid for:

Min. 250 mm

Max. 800 mm

Max. 400 mm

Min. 600 mmMax. 400 mm

Min. 350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

6 © Hella KGaA


Quantity 2

Colour White or light-yellow

Mounting Height No higher than the dipped beam light, min. 250 mm aboveground.For M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles max. 800 mm aboveground. For all other vehicles, no height limit.

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width

Electric Circuit With dipped beam and main beam light

Tell-Tale Mandatory. An independent, non-blinking control light.

Fog lights

Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Front

Attachment Legally required for all vehicle classes, category 1, 1a, or 1b

Quantity 2

Colour Amber

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1.500 mm (exception: 2.100 mm).

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.Min. 600 mm between both indicator lights, but min. 400mm for vehicles with widths of < 1,300 mm

Geometrical ViewingAngle

Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards

Electric Circuit The light must flash independent of the other lights. Theymust be attached on the same vehicle side and must beactivated or deactivated using the same lever/switch. Theymust flash synchronously.

Switch-on Control Mandatory

Note:Category 1 = Distance to dipped beam light > 40 mm

Illumination min. 175 cdCategory 2 = Distance to dipped beam light > 40 mm

Illumination min. 250 cdCategory 3 = Distance to dipped beam light > 20 mm

Illumination min. 400 cd

cd = Candela

1

valid for:

valid for:


Min. 350 mm

Max. 400 mm

Min.350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

7© Hella KGaA

Sidelight


Quantity 2

Colour White

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. Distance between sidelights for M1-vehicles andN1-vehicles not determined. For all other vehicle classes,min. 600 mm between both sidelights, but min. 400 mmfor vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm

Geometrical ViewingAngle

Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, butfor a mounting height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards.

Electric Circuit Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated anddeactivated simultaneously.

Tell-Tale Mandatory. The warning light can flash. Not necessary ifthe lighting device can only be operated simultaneouslywith the sidelight.

Parking Light, Front

Attachment Authorized for vehicles ≤ 6 metres long and ≤ 2 metreswide. Unauthorized for all other passenger cars.

Quantity 2 lights at the front and 2 lights at the rear, or 1 light oneach side.

Colour White

Mounting Height No special regulations for M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles.For all other motor-vehicle classes, min. 350 mm , max.1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm).

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. If only 2 lights are mounted, attachment on theside of the vehicle.

Electric Circuit The parking lights must work without other lights beingactivated.

Tell-Tale Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confusedwith the control device for the sidelight and taillight.

Other Regulations Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by thetaillight and sidelight.

1

Max. 1.500 mm

valid for:

valid for:

Max. 400 mm

as far on the outside as possible

as high aspossible

Max. 400 mm

8 © Hella KGaA

Clearance Light, Front

Attachment Mandatory for vehicles >2.1 metres wide. Authorized forvehicles > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide.

Quantity 2

Colour White

Mounting Height Above the transparent areas of the windshield

Mounting Width As far on the outside as possible, max. 400 mm from theoutermost point of the motor-vehicle width.

Geometric ViewingAngle

Horizontal 80° outsideVertical 5° above and 20° below the horizontal line.

Electric Circuit Must be dimensioned so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated or de-activated simultaneously.

Tell-Tale Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilled bythe mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight.

Other Regulations The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearancelight can be combined in one light if the mounting regu-lations and viewing angle regulations are adhered to. Eachsidelight and/or side reflector can be used. Additionalreflector material is authorized.

Reflector, Front

Attachment Mandatory for vehicles with retracting headlights/lights. Authorized for all other vehicles.

Quantity 2

Colour White

Form Non-triangular

Mounting Height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.Distance between the reflectors for M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles not determined. For all other vehicle classes, min.600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm formotor-vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal ± 30°Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5° downwards

Min. 600 mm

Min.250 mm

1

Max. 900 mm

valid for:

valid for:


Min.250 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

Max. 400 mm

Min.250 mm

Max. 900 mm

9© Hella KGaA

Daytime Running Lights

Attachment Authorized for all vehicle classes

Quantity 2

Colour White


Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.Min. 600 mm between both daylight running lights, butmin. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal ± 20°Vertical ± 10°

Electric Circuit Automatic start-up when engine is started. The daylightrunning lights must turn off automatically when the head-light is switched on.

Tell-Tale Mandatory

Cornering Light

Attachment Authorized for all vehicle classes

Quantity 2

Colour White

Mounting Height Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm, but no higher than the dip-ped beam light

Longitudinal Direction Max. 1,000 mm from the front most point of the vehiclewidth

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth


Horizontal ± 30°Vertical ± 30° to 60° outwards

Electric Circuit Must be designed so that they can only be turned onwhen the full and the dipped beam lights are turned on.Activation only when the turn signals on the samevehicle side are turned on and/or when the steeringwheel is changed from the straightforward position.Automatic turn-off when turn signal is turned off and/orthe steering wheel is back in the straightforward position.

Tell-Tale None

Other Regulations Cornering lights may not be turned on at speeds of > 40 km/h

1

valid for:

valid for:

Max. 1.800 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

Min. 350/500 mm

10 © Hella KGaA

Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Side

Attachment Attachment (minimum illumination = 0.6 cd)Mandatory for M1-vehiclesMandatory for N1-, M2, and M3 vehicles ≤ 6 metresCategory 6 (minimum illumination = 50 cd)Mandatory for N2 and N3 vehiclesMandatory for N1-, M2, and M3 vehicles > 6 metres

Quantity 1 on each side

Colour Amber

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm for M1 and N1 vehicles.Min. 500 mm for all other vehicle classes.Max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,300 mm)

Longitudinal Attachment

Max. 1,800 mm from the front, measured from the outer-most point (exception: 2,500 mm)


Horizontal min. 5° to 60° rearVertical ± 15° , but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5° downwards

Electric Circuit Mandatory. The light must flash independent of the otherlights. They are attached on the same vehicle side andmust be activated and deactivated using the samelever/switch. They must flash synchronously

Tell-Tale Mandatory

Other Regulations Category 5 turn signals on the side may be replaced withcategory 6 in any case

Motorhome – Side

2

2

valid for:

11© Hella KGaA

Reflector, Side

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 metres

Quantity At least 1 in the middle third

Attachment Allowed for all vehicles ≤ 6 metres

Number At least one in the front and/or rear third

Colour Amber in the front and rear (in combination with taillight,red is possible as well)

Shape Non-triangular



At least 1 reflector in the middle third. The front mostattached reflector must be attached max. 3 metres fromthe front most vehicle point.Max. 3 metres between the individual reflectors (excepti-on: 4 metres). This does not apply to M1 and N1vehicles. Max. distance from the rear 1 meter.


Horizontal 45°Vertical ± 10° , but for mounting heights of < 750 mm,5° downwards

Other Regulations The illuminated surfaces of the reflector can be integra-ted in the side marker light. Here, the maximum moun-ting height of the reflector must be considered.

Parking Lights, Side

Attachment Authorized for vehicles ≤ 6 metres long and ≤ 2 metreswide. Unauthorized for all other vehicles.

Quantity 2 lights at the front and 2 at the rear, or one light on eachside

Colour Amber

Mounting Height No special regulations for M1 and N1 vehiclesFor all other motor-vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max.1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. If only 2 lights are attached, attachment to thevehicle sides.

Electric Circuit The parking lights must work without the other lightsbeing turned on.


Other Regulations Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by the taillight and sidelight

Max. 1.000 mm

Max. 3.000 mm


Max. 3.000 mm

Max. 400 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

Min. 350 mm

2

valid for:

valid for:

12 © Hella KGaA

Note:SM1 light – light value at least 4 cd = Usage in all vehicle classesSM2 light – light value at least 0.8 cd = Usage only in M1 class

Side Marker Light

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 metres, except for chassiswith cab. Authorized for all other vehicles.


Attachment Mandatory for M1 and N1 vehicles with a length of ≤ 6 met-res, if the geometric visibility of the sidelight and taillightmust be balanced

Quantity At least 1 in the front and/or rear third

Colour Amber in the front and rear (in combination with combinationrear light, red is possible as well)



Max. 3 metres from the front, 1 meter rear, max. 3 metres be-tween the individual side marker lights (exception: 4 metres)


Horizontal ± 45°. But for vehicles with authorized attach-ment, ±30°. Vertical ± 10°, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm 5° downwards.

Electric Circuit For M1 and N1 vehicles with a length of < 6 metres, theside-marker lights may also flash an indicator light. Theymust flash with the same frequency and on the same sideas the turn signal. No special regulations for all other motor-vehicle classes.


Other Regulations The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated inthe side marker. Here, the maximum mounting height of thereflector must be considered. The rear side marker lightmust be yellow, if it flashes together with the rear turn sig-nal.

Max. 1.000 mm

Max. 3.000 mm

Min. 250 mmMax. 1.500 mm

Max. 3.000 mm2

valid for:

13© Hella KGaA

Retro-reflective Markings through side retro-reflective Strips and ContourMarkings (ECE Regulation No. 104)

Attachment Authorized for vehicle classes M2, M3, N1,and N2vehicle. Unauthorized for all M1 vehicles.

Attachment Scheme Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one orseveral parts.Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mmMinimum Length of one part: An authorization sign

must be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter).

Colour White or yellow

Attachment Height At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground


As far as possible, the attachment of the markings mustbe indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle.In case of broken strips, the distance between the indivi-dual parts must be as small as possible and must not belarger than 50% of the length of the shortest part.

Min. 250 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

2

valid for:

3


Min. 350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

14© Hella KGaA

Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Rear

Note:Category 2a: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 50 cdCategory 2b: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 175 cd,

at night min. 40 cd

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicles,Category 2a or 2b

Quantity 2

Colour Amber

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only ifno additional indicator lights are attached). Mounting heightof the additional indicator lights: Min. 600 mm above themandatory indicator light.

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. Does not apply to additional indicator lights. Min.600 mm between both indicator lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal 45° on the inside to 80° outside, Vertical ± 15°,but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5° downwards

Electric Circuit The light must flash independent of the other lights. Theyare attached on the same vehicle side and must be activa-ted and deactivated using the same lever/switch. Theymust flash synchronously.

Tell-Tale Mandatory

Other Regulations Attachment of 2 additional signal lights on all M2, M3, N2and N3 vehicles

Motorhome – Rear

3

valid for:

3

Min. 600 mm

Max. 400 mm

Min.350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

15© Hella KGaA

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicles

Quantity 2

Colour Red

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mmonly if no additional taillights are attached). Mountingheight of the additional taillights: Min. 600 mm above themandatory taillight.

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outmost point of the vehiclewidth. Does not apply to additional taillights. Distancebetween taillights for M1 and N1 vehicles not deter-mined. For all other motor-vehicle classes, min. 600 mmbetween the taillights, but min. 400 mm for vehiclewidths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal 45° on the inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°,but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5° downwards

Electric Circuit Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated anddeactivated simultaneously

Tell-Tale Mandatory. Must be combined with the control devicefor the sidelights.

Other Regulations Only if no clearance lights are attached, two additionalsidelights and taillights can be attached to all M2, M3, N2and N3 vehicles

Taillights

valid for:

16 © Hella KGaA

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicles, category S1 or S2

Quantity 2Exception: when category S3 brake lights are attached, twoadditional category S1 or S2 brake lights can be attachedto M2, M3, N2 and N3 motor vehicles.

Colour Red

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only ifno 2 additional brake lights are attached). Mounting heightof the additional brake lights: min. 600 mm above the man-datory brake light.

Mounting Width For M1 and N1 vehicles max. 400 mm from the outermostpoint of the vehicle width. No regulation regarding thedistance between the brake lights. For all other motor-vehicle classes min. 600 mm between the brake lights, butmin. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal 45°Vertical ± 15°, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, also5° downwards

Electric Circuit Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied

Tell-Tale Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control lightin the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminatesin case of failure

Other Regulations The distance of the S1 or S2 brake light to the rear fog lightmust be > 100 mm

Brake Lights

Note: Category S1: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 60 cdCategory S2: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 130 cd,

at night min. 30 cd

Min. 600 mm

Max. 400 mm

Min.350 mm

Max.1.500 mm

3

valid for:

17© Hella KGaA

Attachment Mandatory for all M1 and N1 vehicles, category S3.Exception: chassis with cab and N1 vehicles with openstorage space. Authorized for all other vehicle classes.

Quantity 1 Only when the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is notlocated on a fixed body panel but separates one or two movingparts (e.g. doors) and lacks sufficient space to install a singledevice of the S3 category on the median longitudinal planeabove such movable parts. Two type D2 S3 brake lights or oneS3 brake light of the longitudinal centre plane can be attached.

Colour Red

Mounting Height Either max. 150 mm under the rear windshield or min.850 mm above the ground, above the S1 and S2 brakelights.

Mounting Width Reference point must be in the vehicle’s longitudinal cen-tre plane. If two S3 brake lights are attached, each mustbe attached as close as possible to the longitudinal cen-tre plane. If only one S3 brake light is attached next tothe longitudinal centre plane, the distance can only bemax. 150 mm.


Horizontal ± 10°. Vertical 10° above and 5° below the horizontal line.


Tell-Tale Authorized: if one is present, only as a functional controllight in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illu-minates in case of failure.

Other Regulations The S3 brake light can be attached to the outside orinside of the vehicle. If it is attached to the inside, it mustnot blind the driver.

Safety Brake Light

Note: Category S3/Safety Brake Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 80 cdCategory S3/Type D – Double Light= Light values min. 25 cd/max. 55 cd

Min. 850 mm

3

valid for:

Min.250 mm

Max. 1.200 mm

Min.250 mm

Max. 1.000 mm

18 © Hella KGaA

Rear Fog light

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicle classes

Quantity 1 or 2

Colour Red


Mounting Width No regulation

Attachment, General For 1 rear fog light:Left from the middle = right-hand trafficRight from the middle = left-hand trafficAttachment in the middle authorized



Electric Circuit Activated only when dipped beam, main beam or fog lightare turned on

Tell-Tale Mandatory. An independent non-flashing control light.

Other Regulations The distance to the stop light must be > 100 mm

Attachment Mandatory for all vehicle classesQuantity Vehicle lengths of ≤ 6 metres = 1 mandatory, a second for

M1 vehicles and authorized for all other motor-vehicle clas-ses. Vehicle lengths of > 6 metres, except for M1 vehicles, 2 mandatory and 2 additional authorized in all other motor-vehicle classes.

Colour WhiteMounting Height Min. 250 mm, max. 1,200 mmMounting Width No regulationGeometric ViewingAngle

1 light: Horizontal ± 45°.2 lights: Horizontal 30° on the inside to 45° outside.Vertical ± 15° above , to 5° below.

Electric Circuit Activated only in reverse gear. The electric circuit of theauxiliary reverse lights must be designed so that the side-light, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can onlybe activated and deactivated simultaneously.

Tell-Tale AuthorizedOther Regulations The attachment of auxiliary reverse lights is possible on the

vehicle’s rear or side

Reverse Light

3

Note: The interim regulations state that new motor vehicle types (all motor vehicle classes) which are newlyregistered from July 2006 onwards must be equipped with1 reverse light if the vehicle length is < 6000 mm and2 reverse lights if the vehicle length is > 6000 mm (except for M1 model).

valid for:

valid for:

19

Parking Light, Rear

Attachment Authorized for vehicles ≤ 6 metres long and ≤ 2 metreswide. Unauthorized for all other motor vehicles.

Quantity 2 lights at the front, 2 at the rear, or one light on eachside

Colour Red

Mounting Height No special regulations for M1 and N1 vehicles. For allother vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm(exception: 2,100 mm)

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. If only 2 lights are attached, attachment to thevehicle sides.

Electric Circuit The parking lights must also work without any otherlights being turned on


Other Regulations Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by thetaillights and sidelights

Licence plate Light


Quantity 1 or more

Colour White

Mounting Height Middle or left side (or right side for left-hand traffic)

Electric Circuit Must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight and sidemarker lights can only be activated and deactivatedsimultaneously.

Tell-Tale Authorized. If a control device is present, it’s functionmust be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for thesidelight and taillight.

© Hella KGaA

Max. 400 mm

Min.350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

3

valid for:

valid for:

20 © Hella KGaA

Clearance Light, Rear

Attachment Mandatory for vehicles > 2.1 metres wide.Authorized for vehicles > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide.

Quantity 2

Colour Red

Mounting Height As high as possible

Mounting Width As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outer-most point of the motor-vehicle width.


Horizontal 80° to the outside; vertical 5° above and 20°below the horizontal line.

Electric Circuit Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licenceplate, and side marker lights can only be activated anddeactivated simultaneously.


Other Regulations The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearancelight may be combined into one light if the attachment regu-lations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. Thedistance of the clearance light to the taillight must be min.200 mm. Each taillight and/or rear reflector can be used.Additional reflector material is authorized.

As high as possible

Max. 400 mm

3

valid for:

21

Reflector, Rear


Quantity 2

Colour Red

Form Non-triangular


Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. The distance between the reflectors in M1 and inN1 vehicles is not determined. For all other vehicles, min.600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm forvehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal ±30°Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,5° downwards.

Other Regulations The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integra-ted in the combination rear light. The maximum moun-ting height of the reflector must be considered!

© Hella KGaA

Retro-reflective Markings through rear retro-reflective Strips and ContourMarkings (ECE Regulation No. 104)

Attachment Authorized for vehicle classes M2 ,M3, N1,and N2vehicle. Unauthorized for M1 vehicles.

Attachment Scheme Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one orseveral parts.Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mmMinimum Length of one part: An authorization sign mustbe visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter).

Colour Red (rear)

Mounting Height At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground



Other Regulations The distance between the retro-reflective marking mate-rial on the rear-side of the vehicle and each mandatorybrake light must be > 200 mm.

Min.250 mm

Max. 900 mm

Min.250 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

Max. 400 mmMax. 600 mm

3

valid for:

valid for:

Legal Regulations for LightsDue to the scope of legal regulations, only the most importantlegal regulations are explained at this point. In the following regu-lations you can find all relevant information pertaining to signallights, their characteristics and usage.

■ ECE-R 3Reflector■ ECE-R 4Licence plate light■ ECE-R 6Turn signals, front, rear and side■ ECE-R 7Sidelight, taillight, brake light and clearance light■ ECE-R 23Reverse light■ ECE-R 38Rear fog light■ ECE-R 77Parking light, front and rear■ ECE-R 87Daytime running lights■ ECE-R 91Side marker Light■ ECE-R 104Retro-reflective markings ■ ECE-R 48For installation and use

Vehi

cle

Cla

ss O1 Trailers up to 0.75 tons

O2 Trailers over 0.75 tons up to 3.5 tons

O3 Trailers over 3.5 tons up to 10 tons

O4 Trailers over 10 tons

22 © Hella KGaA

4

Trailer/ Caravan classes

Legal Regulations for Trailers according to ECE Regulation 48

Trailer - Front

4

4

23© Hella KGaA

Clearance Light, Front

Attachment Mandatory for trailers > 2.1 metres wide.Authorized for trailers > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide.

Quantity 2

Colour White


Mounting Width As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outer-most point of the vehicle width.


Horizontal 80° to the outside; vertical 5° above and 20°below the horizontal line

Electric Circuit Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licenceplate, and side marker light can only be activated anddeactivated simultaneously.

Tell-Tale Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilledby the mandatory control device for the sidelight and tail-light.

Other Regulations The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clear-ance light may be combined into one light if the attach-ment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are ad-hered to. Each sidelight and/or side reflector can beused. Additional reflector material is authorized.

As high as possible

As far on the outside as possible

Max. 400 mm

valid for:

Min

. 350

mm

Max

. 1.5

00 m

m

Max. 400 mmMin. 600 mm

24 © Hella KGaA

Sidelight, Front

Attachment Mandatory for trailers > 1.6 metres wideAuthorized for trailers ≤ 1.6 metres wide

Quantity 2

Colour White

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm onlyfor O1 and O2 trailers, or if max. 1,500 is not possible forother trailers)

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of vehicle width.Min. 600 mm between both sidelights, but min. 400 mm forvehicle widths of < 1,300 mm


Horizontal 5° to the inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, butfor a mounting height of < 750 mm, also 5° downwards


Tell-Tale Mandatory. The warning light can flash. Not necessary if thelighting device can only be operated simultaneously withthe sidelight.

Other Regulations The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integratedinto the taillight. The mounting height of the reflector mustbe considered!

4

valid for:

Max

. 900

mm

Min

. 250

mm

Max. 150 mmMin. 600 mm

25© Hella KGaA

Reflector, Front

Attachment Mandatory for all trailers

Quantity 2

Colour White

Form Non-triangular


Mounting Width Max. 150 mm, min. 600 mm distance between bothreflectors, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm


Horizontal 10° to the inside and 30° to the outside Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,5° downwards

Other Regulations The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integratedinto the sidelight. The mounting height of the reflectormust be considered!

4

valid for:

26 © Hella KGaA

Reflector, Side



Colour Amber

Form Non-triangular


Mounting Width Max. 3 metres from the front (incl. tow bar), max. 1 meterfrom the rear, max. 3 metres between the individual reflec-tors (exception: 4 metres)


Horizontal ±45°Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5° downwards

Other Regulations The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integratedinto the side marker light. The maximum mounting height ofthe reflector must be considered!

Max. 3.000 mmMax. 3.000 mm


Max. 1.000 mm

Trailer, Side

5

5

valid for:

27© Hella KGaA

Side Marker Light (SM1)

Attachment Mandatory for trailers > 6 metres longAuthorized for trailers < 6 metres long

Quantity At least one in the middle third

Colour Amber at the front and rear (in combination with combi-nation rear light, red is possible as well)



Max. 3 metres from the front (incl. tow bar), 1 meter rear,max. 3 metres between the individual side marker lights(exception: 4 metres)


Horizontal ± 45°Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,5° downwards

Electric Circuit No regulations

Tell-Tale Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilledby the mandatory control device for the sidelight and tail-light.

Other Regulations The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integratedin the side-marker. Here, the maximum mounting heightof the reflector must be considered.

Note:SM1 light = light value min. 4 cd = Used in all trailer classes

Retro-reflective Markings through side retro-reflective Strips and ContourMarkings (ECE Regulation No. 104)

Attachment Authorized for all trailers

Attachment Scheme Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one orseveral parts.Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mmMinimum Length of one part: An authorization sign mustbe visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter)

Colour White or Amber



As far as possible, the attachment of the markings mustbe indicated along the entire length (80%) of the trailer.In case of broken strips, the distance between the indivi-dual parts must be as small as possible and must not belarger than 50% of the length of the shortest part.

Max. 3.000 mmMax. 3.000 mm

Min. 250 mmMax. 1.500 mm

Max. 1.000 mm

Min. 250 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

5

valid for:

valid for:

Min. 250 mm

Max. 900 mm


28 © Hella KGaA

Reflector, Rear


Quantity 2

Colour Red

Form Triangular

Attachment Scheme The triangle’s peak must be aligned upwards


Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. Min. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal ±30°Vertical ± 15°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5° downwards.

Other Regulations The attachment of a combination rear light with integratedrectangular reflector is authorized for trailers. Additionalreflector material is authorized.

Trailer, Rear

6

6

valid for:

Min. 350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm


29© Hella KGaA

Turns Signal (Indicator Light), Rear

Attachment Mandatory for all trailers, category 2a or 2b

Quantity 2

Colour Amber

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm,only if no two additional indicator lights were attached).Mounting height of the additional indicator lights: min.600 mm above the mandatory indicator lights.

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. This does not apply to additional signal lights. Atleast 600 mm between both reflectors, but at least 400 mm if total width < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outsideVertical ± 15° , but for a mounting height of < 750 mm5° downwards

Electric Circuit The light must be turned on independent of the otherlights. They are attached on the same vehicle side andmust be activated and deactivated using the samelever/switch. They must flash synchronously.

Tell-Tale Mandatory

Other Regulations Attachment of 2 additional indicator lights (2a or 2b) toall O2, O3 and O4 class trailers authorized

Note:Category 2a = one illumination intensity level; light value min. 50 cdCategory 2b = two illumination intensity levels; light value min. 175 cd in the dayand min. 40 cd at night.

6

valid for:

30 © Hella KGaA

Taillight


Quantity 2

Colour Red

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only ifno two additional taillights are attached). Mounting height ofthe additional taillights: min. 600 mm above the mandatorytaillight.

Mounting Width Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehiclewidth. Does not apply to additional taillights. Min. 600 mmbetween both taillights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widthsof < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, but for mounting heights < 750 mm, 5° downwards.


Tell-Tale Mandatory. Must be combined with the control device forthe sidelights.

Other Regulations Only if no clearance lights are attached, can two additionalsidelights and taillights be attached to all O2, O3 and O4trailers.

Min. 350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm


6

valid for:

31© Hella KGaA

Attachment Mandatory for all trailers, category S1 or S2

Quantity 2Only if no category S3 brake lights are attached, canadditional category S1 or S2 brake lights be attached toO2, O3 and O4 trailers.

Colour Red

Mounting Height Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mmonly if no 2 additional brake lights are attached). Moun-ting height of the additional brake lights: min. 600 mmabove the mandatory brake light.

Mounting Width For all trailer classes min. 600 mm between the brakelights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.


Horizontal 45°. Vertical ± 15°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,also 5° downwards


Tell-Tale Authorized: if one is present, only as functional controllight in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illu-minates in case of failure.

Other Regulations The distance of the S1 and S2 brake light to the rear foglight must be > 100 mm

Brake Light

Note: Category S1: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 60 cdCategory S2: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 130 cd,

at night min. 30 cd

Min.350 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

Min. 600 mmMin. 600 mm

6

valid for:

32 © Hella KGaA

Attachment Authorized for all category S3 trailers.

Quantity 1 Only when the median longitudinal plane is not located on afixed body panel but separates one or two moving parts of thevehicle (e.g. doors) and lacks sufficient space to install a singledevice of the S3 category on the median longitudinal planeabove such movable parts. Two type D2 S3 brake lights or oneS3 brake light of the longitudinal centre plane can be attached.

Colour Red

Mounting Height Max. 850 mm above the ground, above the S1 and S2 brake lights.

Mounting Width Reference point must be in the vehicle’s longitudinal centreplane. If two S3 brake lights are attached, each must beattached as close as possible to the longitudinal centre pla-ne. If only one S3 brake light is attached next to the longitu-dinal centre plane, the distance must be no larger than 150 mm.


Horizontal ± 10°Vertical 10° above and 5° below the horizontal line


Tell-Tale Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control lightin the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminatesin case of failure.

Safety brake light

Note: Category S3/Safety Brake Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 80 cdCategory S3/Type D – Double Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 55 cd

Min. 850 mm

6

valid for:

33© Hella KGaA

Reverse Light

Attachment Mandatory for all O2, O3 and O4 trailer classes. Authorized for O1 trailers.

Quantity 1 mandatory, a second authorized for trailers < 6 metres.2 mandatory for trailers > 6 metres long and 2 additionalauthorized in all other trailers.

Colour White




1 light: Horizontal ± 45°2 lights: Horizontal 30° inside to 45° outsideVertical ± 15° above , to 5° below

Electric Circuit Activated only in reverse gear. The electric circuit of theauxiliary reverse lights must be designed, so that thesidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lightscan only be activated and deactivated simultaneously.

Tell-Tale Authorized

Other Regulations The attachment of auxiliary reverse lights is possible onthe vehicle’s rear or side

Min. 250 mm

Max. 1.200 mm

6

Note: The interim regulations state that new trailer types (O2, O3 and O4) which arenewly registered from July 2006 onwards must be equipped with1 reverse light if the trailer length is < 6000 mm and2 reverse lights if the trailer length is > 6000 mm.

valid for:

34 © Hella KGaA

Rear Fog light


Quantity 1 or 2

Colour Red



Attachment, General For 1 rear fog light:Left from the middle = right-hand trafficRight from the middle = left-hand trafficAttachment in the middle authorized



Electric Circuit Activated only when dipped beam, main beam or fog lightsare turned on

Tell-Tale Mandatory. An independent non-flashing control light.

Other Regulations The distance to the brake light must be > 100 mm

Licence plate Light


Quantity 1 or more

Colour White

Licence plate Attachment

Middle or left side (or right side for left-hand traffic)

Electric Circuit Must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight and sidemarker light can only be activated and deactivated simulta-neously

Tell-Tale Authorized. If a control device is present, it’s function mustbe fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelightand taillight.

Min.250 mm

Max. 1.000 mm

6

valid for:

valid for:

35© Hella KGaA

Clearance Light, Rear

Attachment Mandatory for trailers > 2.1 metres wideAuthorized for trailers > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide

Quantity 2

Colour Red


Mounting Width As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width


Horizontal 80° to the outside; vertical 5° above and 20°below the horizontal line

Electric Circuit Must be dimensioned so that the sidelight, taillight, licenceplate, and side marker light can only be activated anddeactivated simultaneously.

Tell-Tale Authorized. If a control device is present, it’s functionmust be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for thesidelight and taillight.

Other Regulations The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clear-ance light may be combined into one light if the attach-ment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are ad-hered to. The distance of the clearance light to the tail-light must be min. 200 mm. Each taillight and/or rearreflector can be used. Additional reflector material is authorized.

Retro-reflective Markings through rear retro-reflective Strips and ContourMarkings (ECE Regulation No. 104)

Attachment Authorized for all trailers

Attachment Scheme Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one orseveral parts.Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mmMinimum Length of one part: An authorization sign mustbe visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter).

Colour Red (rear)




Other Regulations The distance between the retro-reflective marking materi-al on the rear-side of the vehicle and each mandatorybrake light must be > 200 mm.

As high as possible

Min. 250 mm

Max. 1.500 mm

as far outside as possible

Max. 400 mm

6

valid for:

valid for:

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Ideas today forthe cars of tomorrow

Hella KGaA Hueck & Co.Rixbecker Straße 7559552 Lippstadt, Germany

Phone: +49 (0) 29 41-38-0Fax: +49 (0) 29 41-38-71 33Internet:www.hella.com

Legal Requirements for Motor Vehicles and Trailers ... · PDF fileLegal Requirements for Motor...

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