Legacies of Historical Globalization

P. 149-152

Technology & Exchange of Goods

• Many of the foods and beverages you consume today — potatoes, tomatoes, tea, coffee, chocolate, and bananas — are available because of the worldwide exchange of goods, technologies, and ideas that started in the late 15th century.

• The exchange of goods and technology sparks a chain of events that often lead to dramatic changes in cultures around the world.

Contact and Cultural Change in India

• In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I ___________ _______________________________ a monopoly on trading in India and Asia– The chief interest was making money in

cotton, tea, and spices

Deindustrialization

• After the Industrial Revolution, British manufacturers needed raw materials to supply factories– Also needed markets– Solution: Sell manufactured goods to people in

British colonies (such as India)

• By 1700, the British government banned ____ _____________________________ from India to protect manufacturers in Britain.

• This crushed the Indian cotton industry• This is known as deindustrialization

• The loss of industry

• The company also created its own army, with British men as officers and Indians as enlisted men.

• This army supported Indian allies and protected its monopoly against other companies.

• The company would use violence, bribery and extortion to ensure its monopoly and that trade always favoured the British.

• Some may argue that the British East India Company was the first transnational corporation.

Raj

• The British East India Company often used brutal business practices such as ___________ _____________________________________.

• Corruption of company officials also occurred.• Due to this, the British government took over

direct rule of India, which was known as Raj or “in rule”

Cotton and Deindustrialization in India

• As the Industrial Revolution grew in Britain, manufactures needed raw materials.

• They also needed markets to ______________ _____________________________________.

• Therefore colonies _____________________ ____________________________________.

• One of the largest industries in Britain at the time was the textile industry.

Cotton and Deindustrialization in India

• However, _____________________________ __________________.

• In order to avoid this competition, and protect British Industry, the British government enacted laws that banned the import of cotton from India.

• As a result, deindustrialization, which is the loss of industry, occurred in India

Mohandas Gandhi

• Mohandas Gandhi successfully led India to ________________________.

• He used the strategy of peaceful non-co-operation, which is based on the idea of being self-sufficient.Gandhi believed that every Indian should be self-

sufficient.

• He viewed cotton as a powerful symbol of British oppression and Indians’ desire for self-sufficiency and independence.

• In order to become self-sufficient, Gandhi suggested that Indians hand-spin cotton thread to make their own cloth.

• If Indians wore homespun cotton they would free themselves of the need to buy British-made cloth and would solve the unemployment problem.

• Eventually, this ideal was expanded to other products such as __________________________ ___________________________________

Activity

Read p150–151 and Gandhi’s response on p152Complete the R&R on the same page.