LEED ND Squalicum Lofts

LEED ND• Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), Congress for the

New Urbanism (CNU), and Natural Resources Defense Council to create a national standard.

• LEED for Neighborhood Developments (LEED-ND) emphasizes smart growth aspects of development while still incorporating a selection of the most important green building practices.

Smart Growthan initiative that focuses on positive growth solutions which advocates for compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly mixed use development

The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of:

- smart growth- urbanism- green building

LEED certification provides

independent, third-party verification that a development's location and design meet accepted high levels of environmentally responsible, sustainable development.

Smart Location and Linkage

• Brownfields Redevelopment• Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands• Reduced Automobile Dependence

Neighborhood Pattern & Design

• Compact Development• Diversity of Uses• Walkable Streets

Green Construction and Technology

• Certified green buildings• Reuse of existing buildings• Stormwater management

Innovation & Design Process

• Exemplary Performance• LEED Accredited Professional

Benefits of LEED-ND

• Reduce Urban Sprawl• create more livable communities• create locations that are closer to existing

town and city centers • areas with good transit access • infill sites • previously developed sites • sites adjacent to existing development

Smart Location & LinkageLocation and Connectivity

Smart LocationPreferred Location

Reduced Automobile DependenceBicycle NetworkSchool Proximity

Credits Met: 10Alternative Credits: 1

Total Credits: 11


Smart Location• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The project is located near existing adequate

transit service. • More than 50% of the business entrances within

the project are within ¼ mile walk distance of the Cordata Maplewood and Hospital route bus stops provided through the existing trail system and the planned service road.


Preferred Location• Credit is met through current actions• The street grid density within one mile of the

site boundaries is 14.3. This is an indication of connectivity to other streets in the area

• It is an infill site that is also a previously developed site


Reduced Automobile Dependence• Credit is met through current actions• At least 50% of the business entrances are

within ¼ mile of two bus stops at the corner of Maryland St and Patton St

• On weekdays these routes offer a total of 24 transit rides per day, meeting the minimum requirement of 20 rides per day


Bicycle Network• Credit is met through current actions• Bike lanes on Squalicum Drive lead to the Bay to

Baker and Cornwall Park trail systems and bike lanes on Marine Dr

• Diverse uses include Marine Dr Market, The North Shore Church, Whatcom Co. Fire Station and Parkview Elementary

• The site has 118 parking spaces and 35 spaces for bicycles, meeting the requirement of 15% capacity for bicyclists

• BIKE MAP


School Proximity• Credit is met through alternative actions• Meeting this credit requires the project to have

residential component. For this to be possible the zoning would have to be changed to residential from industrial

• The project could meet this credit if 25% of the project square footage is converted to residential. The project is currently 1/2 mile from The Madrona School

Smart Location & LinkageWetlands and Habitat

Imperiled Species and Ecological CommunitiesWetland and Water Body Conservation

Site Design for Habitat or Wetlands ConservationRestoration of Habitat or Wetlands

Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands


Total Credits: 3


Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities• Prerequisite is met through current actions• No imperiled or endangered species reside

within the site buffer


Wetland and Water Body Conservation• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The project site is 100 feet or more removed

from significant water bodies and any wetlands


Site Design for Habitat or Wetlands Conservation• Credit is met through current actions• The site is planned for greater than 98% native

vegetation and no invasive vegetation.


Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands• Credit is met through alternative actions• Restore the small on-site pond and

surrounding area equaling at least 10% of the development footprint as a wetland by adding herbaceous wetland plants to the current landscape plan

• Donate the restored area to an accredited land trust such as the Nature Conservancy


Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands• Credit is met through alternative actions• There are no wetlands on the property• The restored pond and surrounding area would be

converted to a wetland ecosystem and donated to an accredited land trust such as The Nature Conservancy

• The 10-year management plan for the site would include measures regarding:

• Hydrology• Maintenance as a self-sustaining, persistent system• Effects on nearby upland and deepwater habitat• Monitoring of the wetland throughout the course of the

management program

Smart Location & Linkage

Land UseProximity to Water and Wastewater Infrastructure

Agricultural Land ConservationFloodplain Avoidance

Prerequisites Achieved

Smart Location & LinkageLand Use

Proximity to Water and Wastewater Infrastructure• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The project is located on a previously developed infill

site that is served by existing water and wastewater infrastructure

• The plans call for limited additional infrastructure to be constructed for the project


Agricultural Land Conservation• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The soils are not of agricultural value• There were no forest or farm lands on the site

prior to development


Floodplain Avoidance• Prerequisite is met through current actions• Project is located on a previously developed

site• No buildings will be constructed on the part of

the site that is within the 100-year floodplain

Smart Location & LinkageUnachievable Credits

Brownfield RedevelopmentHigh Priority Brownfields RedevelopmentHousing and Jobs ProximitySteep Slope Protection

Smart Location & LinkageSummary and Recommendations

• All Prerequisites are achieved• Credits Met: 11• Alternative Credits: 3• Total Credits: 14 out of a possible 30• Recommendations– Convert on-site pond and surrounding area into a

wetland– Donate restored pond area to an accredited land trust

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignCommunity Connectivity

Open CommunityCompact Development

Diversity of UsesWalkable StreetsStreet Network


Total Credits: 9


Open Community• Prerequisite is met through alternative actions• The main street access and the sidewalks within the

site is currently planned to be gated to the community along with the emergency access road.

• In order to meet this prerequisite, all streets and sidewalks that are built as part of the project or serving the project directly would be designated as available for general public use and not gated.


Compact Development• Prerequisite and credit are met through alternative

actions• Redesign the project to include two additional levels

on each of the four buildings• The result would be an increase of 191,918 square

feet for a project total of 291,378 square feet• The floor area ratio would equal 0.87 and the project

would earn one point for the credit and meet the prerequisite.


Diversity of Uses• Credit is met through alternative actions• A residential component equaling at least 25% of the project’s

total building square footage would be achieved in the redesign, as the additional floors in buildings B and C would be dedicated exclusively to residential units.

• After completing this action the credit will be passed as the current building entrances are within a half mile walking distance of 4 diverse uses including Squalicum Park, Bellingham Technical College Library, Madronia School, and Immanuel Bible Church.

• Additional points could be earned for this credit if additional diverse uses were added.

• Diverse use map?


Walkable Streets• Credit is met through alternative actions• Arrange the buildings so that the site allows for parking to be placed in the

rear of the building or create an underground garage for the site parking, leaving the frontages and streetscapes free of surface parking.

• As the buildings will be redesigned to increase residential density the building height to street width proportions of 1:3 will be met. There are no streets currently bordering the project site or planned adjacent buildings.

• Redesign the sidewalks throughout the sight to border both sides of the street at a minimum of 4 feet. And provide connections to all footpaths from sidewalks for connectivity to areas surrounding the site.


Street Network• Credit is met through alternative actions• The street grid density of the 7.56 acre site is approximately

49.1centerline miles per square mile, meeting the standard for street grid density.

• However, his credit is not met currently due to the emergency access road being gated and closed to public access.

• This credit could be met if the current emergency access road is opened to traffic, auto and bike. The topography of the site does not allow for any other street connections to the adjoining neighborhood.

• Street map?

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSocioeconomic Diversity

Diversity of Housing TypesAffordable Rental Housing

Affordable For-Sale Housing


Total Credits: 5

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSocioeconomic Diversity

Diversity of Housing Types• Credit is met through alternative actions• The development would be rezoned to include

residential units in Buildings B and C in the levels added in the redesign.

• Four different housing types could possibly be represented in the units.

• 94 new residential units could be built in this space at an average of 23.5 units for each dwelling type, earning a score of 0.53 on the Simpson Diversity Index, indicating a moderate diversity of housing types within the development.

Neighborhood Pattern & Design Socioeconomic Diversity

Affordable Rental Housing• Credit is met through alternative actions• About half of the 94 residential units in the

development’s redesign would be rental properties. • The median income in Bellingham, WA for 2009 is

$64400. 15% of the rental units would be priced for households with an income of up to 50% of $64400, and 15% of the rental units would be priced for households with an income of up to 80% of $64400.


Table 1. Monthly rental rates for households at 50% and 80% of the median income for Bellingham, WA for five property types.

Property type Price for 50% of the Median Income

Price for 80% of the Median Income

Studio $595 $774

1-Bedroom $658 $855

2-Bedroom $824 $1071

3-Bedroom $1204 $1565

4-Bedroom $1422 $1849

Source: 50th Percentile Rent Estimates, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2009.


Affordable For-Sale Housing• Credit is met through alternative actions• 10% of the for-sale units would be priced for households with an

income of up to 80% of the median income, and 10% of the for-sale units would be priced for households with an income of up to 120% of the median income.

• Affordable housing is defined by the Area Median Income (AMI) Standard as 30% or less of a household’s monthly income being spent on housing costs. For 10% of the units, monthly housing costs could not exceed $1288, and for another 10% of the units, monthly housing costs could not exceed $1932.

• Additionally, the mortgages on the specified units would need to be such that households at 80% and 120% of the median income could be eligible for them.

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignTransportation

Reduced Parking FootprintTransit Facilities

Transportation Demand Management


Total Credits: 4


Reduced Parking Footprint• Credit is met through alternative actions• The sites surface parking facilities are within the 20% development

footprint maximum requirement and the site plans show that 118 bicycle parking spots will be installed.

• However, all the non-residential buildings within the project locate their off-street parking along the frontages of Buildings A and B. Building A has a majority of the parking to the side between the building and the street, thus not meeting the streetscape and building frontage requirements.

• The alternative would arrange the buildings so that the site allows for parking to be placed in the rear of the building or create an underground garage for the site parking, leaving the frontages and streetscapes free of surface parking.


Transit Facilities• Credit is met through alternative actions• A bus route would be added to Squalicum Way for this

alternative to be viable• The project could meet this credit by following these

actions:o build at least one partially enclosed transit stop

within the project o build kiosks displaying local transit information and

a description of the kiosko add a bus route to Squalicum Way


Transportation Demand Management• Credit is met through alternative actions• The developer would provide Whatcom

Transit Authority annual passes to employees for three years at half the original price of $250.00

• Bus passes would be publicized and distributed through business owners

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSite Accessibility

Access to Surrounding VicinityAccess to Public Spaces

Access to Active Public SpacesUniversal Accessibility


Total Credits: 3

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSite Accessibility

Access to Surrounding Vicinity• Credit is met through alternative actions• The access road that runs along the east side of

the site is gated and does not allow open access• Removing the gate would allow for a through

street from Squalicum Parkway to Lafayette Street

• The west side of the property is exempt from this requirement due to the extreme topography

Neighborhood Pattern & Design Site Accessibility

Access to Public Spaces• Credit is met through alternative actions• There are small green spaces on the east side of each

building but none of them are 150 feet wide, and do not equal ½ acre.

• Use space behind Building A as a green space measuring at least 150 feet wide and equaling at least 1/6 acre.

• In order to meet the required sum of ½ acre, additional green space would be added on the west side of Building C.

• The above changes coupled with the existing green spaces would meet the ½ acre requirement.

Neighborhood Pattern & Design Site Accessibility

Access to Active Public Spaces• Credit is met through current actions• Project is adjacent to Squalicum Creek Park

which contains a baseball field with plans for two additional fields

Insert pretty park map?

Neighborhood Pattern & Design

Local Food Production• Credit is met through alternative actions• Develop regulations that prevent the ban of

food production on the site.• Purchase shares in a CSA program for at least

80% of the households on the site for at least two years.

• Choose from the many CSA programs in Whatcom County by inhabitants’ vote.

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignUnachievable Credits

Community Outreach and Involvement• Does not meet the requirement to receive this

credit, nor are there any applicable alternatives given that community involvement must occur in the pre-design phase.

Universal Accessibility• Does not meet the requirement due to inability

to meet the requirements for separate kinds of residences (err this is awkward)

Neighborhood Pattern & DesignSummary and Recommendations

Green Construction & Technology

Minimization of Pollution and Site DisturbanceConstruction Activity Pollution Prevention

Minimize Site Disturbance through Site DesignMinimize Site Disturbance During Construction

Light Pollution ReductionHeat Island Reduction


Total Credits: 4

Green Construction & TechnologyMinimization of Pollution and Site Disturbance

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention• Prerequisite is met through current actions• The Squalicum Lofts Stormwater Report indicates areas where

sedimentation and erosion control are necessary during construction.

• BMPs include means to:• Control flow rates• Install sediment controls• Stabilize soils• Protect slopes• Control pollutants

• The plan also includes means for monitoring and adjusting the plan if it is not working as intended.


Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design• Credit is met through alternative actions• Limit the zone of construction impact to the

area immediately near the site which is also previously developed

• Protect the conservation easement, that includes the proposed wetland, from development


Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction• Credit is met through alternative actions• For any areas in the construction impact zone that

fall beyond the previously developed area, create construction impact zones that limit the site disturbance to:

• 40 feet beyond the building perimeter• 10 feet beyond surface walkways and parking• 15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs• 25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable

surfaces


Heat Island Reduction• Credit is met through alternative actions• The site has plans to use pervious pavement, but not

the required 50%• The project could meet this credit by following these

actions: – Use pervious pavement to cover at least 50% of the

projects impervious areas– Using trees for shade or reluctant pavement may be a

better option if more cost-effective


Light Pollution Reduction• Credit met through alternative actions• Reduce the luminance to a value lower than

0.20 footcandles at the sites boundary, and 0.01 15 feet beyond the site

• No more than 5% of the fixtures should emit light at an angle of 90 degrees or higher.


Energy EfficiencyLEED Certified Green BuildingsEnergy Efficiency in Buildings

District Heating & CoolingInfrastructure Energy Efficiency


Total Credits: 6

Green Construction & TechnologyEnergy Efficiency

LEED Certified Green Buildings• Credit met through current actions• This project is planned for four LEED silver

structures.


Energy Efficiency in Buildings Confusing• Credit met through alternative action• To earn one point under this credit the project

would need 90% of buildings to show a 10% improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared to the baseline building performance rating

• Must follow ASHRA/IESNA guidelines


District Heating and Cooling• Credit met through alternative actions• Include a district heating system for all buildings,

such that 80% of the project's total square footage is connected and 80% of the project total peak heating load is connected

• If the project does not already include a district heating system the viability of installing a district heating system would need to be assessed


Infrastructure Energy Efficiency • Credit met through alternative actions• Meeting this credit requires a large investment

by the developer. If the budget is large enough this credit could plausibly be met

• The project could meet this credit if infrastructure such as traffic lights, street lights, water and wastewater pumps and treatment systems achieve a 15% annual energy reduction from an estimated baseline


Water ManagementReduced Water Use

Stormwater ManagementWastewater Management


Total Credits: 9

Green Construction & TechnologyWater Management

Reduced Water Use• Credit met through alternative actions• 90% of all buildings need to be built so that

indoor water use is reduced by 30%. This can be accomplished by using efficient fixtures: urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, and kitchen faucets

• Install landscaping that doesn’t require irrigation


Stormwater Management This seems super confusing• Credit met through alternative actions• Although the site has a progressive and well-developed

stormwater management system planned, it is based on capture of storm water and energy/temperature dampening, with the intent of mitigating the impacts of stormwater released into the bay.

• LEED-ND GCT Credit 9 is rated on how much rainfall re-enters ground stock, so Squalicum’s stormwater management plan is not necessarily creditable under LEED.

• Adding green roofs, more permeable pavements, rain gardens, would allow maximum point reward of 5 to be awarded, based on a successful capture and infiltration of 2.25" of rain.


Wastewater Management• Credit met through alternative actions• Greywater recycling systems would allow for the

project to capture and reuse a high portion of water, and reduce the amount of potable water used for non-human consumptive purposes.

• The addition of greywater recapture and infiltration into rain gardens would also help satisfy the requirements of GCT Credit 9: Stormwater Management


Waste and Recycling ManagementRecycled Content for InfrastructureConstruction Waste Management

Comprehensive Waste Management


Total Credits: 3

Green Construction & TechnologyWaste and Recycling Management

Recycled Content for Infrastructure • Credit met through alternative actions• Design project such that the aggregate base and

subbase are at least 90% recycled aggregate materials • Any asphalt base is at least 15% recycled content • Any asphalt concrete pavement is at least 15% recycled

asphalt pavement• Any Portland cement concrete pavement and any

piping made from Portland cement concrete needs to contain at least 25% recycled mineral admixtures and 10% reclaimed concrete material aggregate


Construction Waste Management• Credit met through alternative actions• Garco Building Systems would need to

develop a construction waste management plan

• Recycle at least 50% of the excess steel used in the manufacturing process


Comprehensive Waste Management• Credit met through alternative actions• Add any 2 of the following 3 services

– household hazardous materials pickup, composting, and separated recycling

• Recycling is likely to be included, although composting is not likely, as the current site usage is slated for commercial and light industrial works.

• Household hazardous materials include substances such as bleach and other cleaning supplies, making pickup service a valuable portion of the credit, even if recycling and compost have already been added


On-Site EnergyOn-Site Energy Generation

On-Site Renewable Energy Sources


Total Credits: 2

Green Construction & TechnologyOn-Site Energy

On-Site Energy Generation• Credit met through alternative actions• 5% of the project's total energy consumption

must come from on-site generation Examples?

Green Construction & TechnologyOn-Site Energy

On-Site Renewable Energy Sources• Credit met through alternative actions• Incorporate renewable energy technologies

such as solar, wind, or biomass so that 5% of the project’s energy comes from these technologies

• A written commitment to meet the requirements would be included

Green Construction & TechnologyUnachievable Credits

Building Reuse and Adaptive ReuseReuse of Historic BuildingsContaminant Reduction in Brownfields RemediationSolar Orientation

Green Construction & TechnologySummary

• Prerequisite is achieved• Credits Met: 3• Alternative Credits: 21• Total Credits: 24 out of a possible 31

Green Construction & TechnologyRecommendations

– Limit the zone of construction impact to the area immediately near the site

– Create construction impact zones that limit the site disturbance

– Use pervious pavement to cover at least 50% of the projects impervious areas

– Reduce the luminance of lighting systems– Include a district heating system for all buildings– Install water efficient fixtures

Green Construction & TechnologyRecommendations

– Add green roofs, greywater recycling systems and rain gardens for rainwater capture

– Use recycled aggregate materials in pavement and concrete structures

– Recycle at least 50% of the excess steel used in the manufacturing process

– Add 2 recycling or waste management services– Receive 5% of energy from on-site or on-site

renewable sources such as solar or wind

LEED ND Squalicum Lofts

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