LEED® HVAC DesignLEED® Commissioning

How Does the Mechanical Engineer & Cx Provider Impact the Success of a Sustainable Building?

Presented by MBO Inc.

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Jorge Torres CotoBuilding Systems Commissioning Engineer

MBO, Inc.jorge@mbo1.com

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MBO, Inc.

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Outline

What is LEED? Benefits and cost of LEED HVAC design and Cx HVAC design for LEED Requirements and Tips

WEc2, WEc3.1, WEc3.2 EAp1, EAp2, EAp3 EAc1, EAc3, EAc4, EAc5 EQp1 EQc1, EQc5, EQc6.2, EQc7.1, EQc7.2

Examples and experience on LEED HVAC design and Cx Who can be the Cx Provider? Going beyond the LEED requirements and expectations

What is LEED?

LEED = Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

– Developed by USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council) in conjunction with

DOE EPA GSA (U.S. General Services Administration DoD

What is LEED?

The economic goals of the LEED program include:– Reduced or neutralized first cost– Enhanced asset value/increased profits– Optimized life cycle economic performance– Improved productivity (due to a healthier indoor

environment)– Reduced liability

Why Does It Matter?

BECAUSE IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO! Some states, cities, and/or the Federal

Government offer tax incentives for buildings that meet Green building codes or become LEED Certified.

GSA, state, and some municipalities require new building projects to meet LEED.

LEED Certifications

LEED-NC (New Construction) LEED-CI (Commercial Interiors) LEED-EB (Existing Buildings) LEED-CS (Core & Shell; Commercial) LEED-H (Single Family Residential) LEED-ND (Residential Neighborhood Developments) LEED-Schools Other in the works

LEED-NC

Four Levels of LEED Certification– LEED Certified 26-32 points– LEED Silver 33-38 points– LEED Gold 39-51 points– LEED Platinum 52-69 points

Water

Efficiency

8%Energy &

Atmosphere

27%

Materials &

Resources

20%

Sustainable

Sites

22%

Indoor

Environmental

Quality

23%

Five LEED credit categories

*NOTE: 60% of the points are WE, EA and IEQ

LEED-NC

ASS levels of certification– Half Assed LEED equivalent– Cheap Assed Minimum (after-

thought)– Bad Ass Integrated Design– Kick Ass Everybody bought

in

LEED-NC

Seven Prerequisites– SSp1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention (Civil

Engineer)– EAp1 Fundamental Commissioning (Cx Provider)– EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance (ASHRAE 90.1

and/or CEC Title 24) (Mechanical Engineer) – EAp3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management

(Mechanical Engineer)– MRp1 Storage and collection of recyclables (Arch/Owner)– EQp1 Minimum IAQ performance (ASHRAE 62.1 and/or

CEC Title 24) (Mechanical Engineer)– EQp2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control (Arch/Owner)

Mechanical EngineeringSolutions

Choosing the right Mechanical Engineer on the design team can help satisfy up to 60% of the requirements for LEED certification – WE 3 out of 5 points– EA 2 out of 3 prerequisites

12 out of 17 points– EQ 2 out of 2 prerequisites

7 out of 13 points– ID 2 out of 5 points

Mechanical EngineeringSolutions (WE)

WEc2, WEc3.1, WEc3.2– Grey water systems– Waterless urinals and W.C.– Water conserving fixtures– Secondary metering on high volume systems (i.e.

kitchens, mechanical equipment, etc.) Synergy with EAc5 (M&V)

Mechanical EngineeringSolutions (EA)

EAp2, EAc1 ASHRAE 90.1-2004–Title 24– Prerequisite is mandatory in California.

Communication is critical between design team to accomplish higher energy savings and find economic balance (Arch, EE, ME, Owner)

– Proper selection of HVAC system for type of building and occupancy is critical for optimum building operation and reduction of energy usage. (Team decisions are key)

– Fundamental understanding of Synergies and Trade-offs with other credits and standards

EAc1 vs. EQc2 (Energy Consumption vs. Ventilation Air) EAc1 vs. EAc5 (Verification Built into Design)

Mechanical EngineeringSolutions (EA)

EAc5: M & V (IPMVP)– Not usually implemented.– Key to verifying performance of building systems

once it is in operation.– Useful in verifying at post-occupancy EAc1,

WEc2, WEc3, EQc1, EQc2, EQc6, EQc7– Some ease of implementing with a calibrated

energy model and Building Automation System (BAS).

Mechanical EngineeringSolutions (EQ)

EQp1, EQc2: ASHRAE 62.1-2004– Prerequisite is mandatory in CA.– Additional credits is easily achieved per CA codes.– Alternate strategies need to be designed to achieve optimal

energy efficiency without sacrificing air quality.– Sophisticated computer modeling may be required for non-

traditional designs.– Look at technologies, trade-offs and synergies with other

points and ASHRAE standards. ASHRAE 55, 62.1, 90.1, 129

Mechanical Engineering Solutions (ID)

LEED AP 40% water use reduction

HVAC Standards & Guidelines

ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Comfort

ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Ventilation ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Energy

Cx Requirements for LEED

Basics– IT IS A PREREQUISITE EAp1– Verify and ensure that fundamental building elements and

systems are deigned, installed and calibrated to operate as intended.

– It is imperative that at least 26 points be achieved to reach the certification level, Cx is an excellent tool during design, construction and post-occupancy.

– Do you like the Opera or NFL?

ASHRAE Cx Process

The 4 phases of the Cx Process

OCCUPANCYOPERATIONS

CONSTRUCTION

DESIGN

PREDESIGN

Cx Process

Energy & Atmosphere

Pre-1 Fundamental Systems Cx1. Designate a Cx Authority

2. Document OPR and develop BOD

3. Incorporate Cx requirements into CD

4. Develop and implement Cx plan

5. Verify the installation and performance of the Commissioned systems

6. Complete a summary of the Cx Report

1. Designate the Cx Authority

Part of the owner’s team (ideally)Third party in preferred but can be part of the design team

CxA shall be independent of the project’s design and construction management, though they may be employees of the firms providing those services.

2. Document OPR & BOD

OPR– Completed by Owner, CxA and Project Team

Owner and user requirements Environmental and sustainable goals Energy efficiency goals IEQ requirements Equipment and System expectations Building occupant and O&M personnel requirements

BOD– Completed by the design team

Primary design assumptions Standards Narrative descriptions

3. Incorporate Cx into CD’s

Project Specifications– Typically the Cx requirements are in the specs.– US DOE / PECI Guide

http://peci.org/library/mcpgs.htm

4. Develop & Implement Cx Plan

Start early– Preferably during DD

It is not a rigid document – changes with planning, scheduling, etc.

5. Verify the installation & performance of the systems

Installation inspection System performance testing Evaluation of results compares to OPR/BOD

6. Complete Cx Report

Executive summary on the process & results Deficiency list with resolutions Performance test results

Certification Submittals

LEED Letter template– Completed OPR and BOD– Incorporated Cx into specifications– Cx plan– Verified installation and performance of systems– Completed Cx Report

Cre-3 Enhanced Cx

Cx Authority must be an independent party– The CxA shall perform at least:

Design review prior to CD’s Review contractor submittals Review building operation (post-occupancy)

4. Design Review

Minimum one Cx design review of:– OPR– BOD– Design documents prior to mid-CD phase

Back check review comments in subsequent submission

6. Review Contractor Submittals

Only review submittals applicable to systems being commissioned for compliance with OPR and BOD.– Do they meet OPR and BOD– O & M requirements– Facilitating performance testing

8. Develop Systems Manual

In addition to the O&M manual that is provided to the staff by the contractor.

Focuses on operations rather than maintenance. Specifics of interactions between equipment

– Final version of BOD– Single line diagrams– As-built sequences of operation– Operating instruction for integrated systems– Recommended maintenance schedules– Recommended retesting schedules with blank test forms– Recommended recalibration schedules for sensors and actuators

9. Verify Requirements for Training

Document training expectations and needs with the owner

Ensure staff and occupants receive training and orientation

Special attention should target new or uncommon design features that have a potential of being over-ridden or removed due to lack of understanding.

11. Review Building Operations

After handover ( 8 – 10 months) review performance of building/facility with owner and O&M staff.

Create a deficiencies list (prior to manufacturer / contractors warranty expiration)

Any items listed on the deficiencies list that will not be corrected shall be documented in the Systems Manual

Certification Submittals

LEED Letter template– CxA conducted design review– CxA reviewed submittals– Systems Manual– O&M staff and occupants have been trained– CxA review of building operation post-occupancy

Cx Standards & Guidelines

ASHRAE guideline 0. ASHRAE guideline 1. NIBS guidelines 2 through 14 NEBB Building Systems Commissioning

Open Forum

Questions?Comments?Complaints?Praises?

THANK YOU

MBO INC.4619 Viewridge Avenue, Suite CSan Diego, CA 92071858.277.9721email@mbo1.com