LecturePPTs Unit04 EDITED.ppt
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10/27/2017 1 Sensation a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy (information from our environment) Perception a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events (what we do with the sensory information we receive) One continuous process Our sensory and perceptual processes work together to help us sort out complex processes Bottom‐Up Processing Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information (body to brain). How do we get information? Top‐Down Processing Information processing guided by higher‐level mental processes. As when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations (brain to body). Selective Attention • Focus conscious awareness on a particular stimulus • Cocktail party effect Selective Inattention • Inattentional blindness • Change blindness Transduction • Converting one form of energy into another • AKA turning info from senses into neural impulses in the brain • Psychophysics • Study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them • Light = brightness • Sound = volume • Pressure = weight • Taste = sweetness
Transcript of LecturePPTs Unit04 EDITED.ppt
10/27/2017
1
Sensation a process by which our sensory
receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy (information from our environment)
Perception a process of organizing and
interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events (what we do with the sensory information we receive)
One continuous process
Our sensory and perceptual processes work together to help us sort out complex processes
Bottom‐Up Processing
Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information (body to brain).
How do we get information?
Top‐Down ProcessingInformation processing guided by higher‐level mental processes.
As when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations (brain to body).
Selective Attention
• Focus conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
• Cocktail party effect
Selective Inattention
• Inattentional blindness
• Change blindness
Transduction• Converting one form of energy into another
• AKA turning info from senses into neural impulses in the brain
• Psychophysics• Study of the relationship between physical
characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
• Light = brightness
• Sound = volume
• Pressure = weight
• Taste = sweetness
10/27/2017
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Thresholds• Absolute threshold
– Minimum stimulation needed to experience something 50% of the time
Thresholds• Signal detection theory
• Predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise)
• Assumes there is no absolute threshold
• Detection depends on person’s• Experience
• Expectations
• Motivation
• Level of fatigue
• Subliminal– Cannot detect
– Below absolute threshold
• Difference threshold– Just noticeable difference
(jnd)
• Weber’s Law– Constant minimum
percentage needed to perceive as different
• Light intensity – 8%
• Weight – 2%
• Tone frequency – 0.3%
Sensory Adaptation
• Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
• Mental predisposition to see one thing and not the other
Perceptual Set Context Effects
