Lecture4: Digestive system and nutrition

Liver

Stomach

The seasoning improves the second function of food

Kikunae Ikeda (1864-1936)

Soseki Natsume(Japanese famous Writer)evaluates Ikeda “Great philosopher”

‘AJINOMOTO’ Inventor. Chemist. From Kyoto　

Chemistry Section of Department of Science

at The University of Tokyo.Founder professor.

Concentrating soup of seaweed.

“The Japanese taste” spreads all over the world

・　 Glutamic acid of seaweed (1909 AJINOMOTO)

・　 Inosinic acid of Dried bonito (1965 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo)

・　 Guanylic acid

Stagnation time in stomach of food

ButterSteakBoiled fish pasteRoast sweet potato

OmeletteBeef in”sukiyaki”ToastRice CakeYam soupRaw Egg

12 hours3hours 15mt3hours 15mt3hours2hours 45mt2hours 45mt

2hours 45mt2hours 30mt2hours 30mt2hours 30mt

It is Australian Bury Marshall (professor of the west Australian university) and Dr. Robin Warren (pathologist) that discovered Helicobacter Pylori that causes gastritis and the stomach ulcer. They won the medical student science prize in 2005. The both men discovered the Helicobacter Pylori of the cause in 1982 though it was thought that the stress and the lifestyle were the major causes in gastritis and the stomach ulcer. The way was opened in a handy treatment method to remove the bacterium by using the antibiotic

　　“ The University of Western Australia” is a tie-up school with Kagawa. It is in Perth.

It is a ratio of the appearing adult as for the small intestines lactase in each race

The adult and the adult mammal lack lactase so that the mammal may promote weaning. Caucasian who has the history with long stock raising is an exception.

Kagawa, Y. et al. “Single nucleotide polymorphisms of thrifty genes for energy metabolism: evolutionary origins and prospects for intervention to prevent obesity-related diseases” Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 295(2), 2002, 207-22

Eskimo

Bantu (Africa)

Thai, Filipino

Japanese, Korean

Ibo, Yolba (Africa)

Chinese

African American

Indian

Mestizo

Frani (Africa)

Australian Caucasian

American Caucasian

Danish

Ub

i far

min

gR

ab

i fa

rmin

g a

nd

mix

ed

blo

od

Hu

nti

ng

Ca

lip

h f

arm

ing

Ra

bi

farm

ing

To supplement the lactase deficiency of small intestines, various processing milks excludes lactose. The CALPIS in Japan has the origin in the fermentation milk in Mongolia

Not seen alcohol fermented horse milk in Murun. But, Seen fermentation alcohol than ulan bator

Айраг

Θрθм

Preservation cream

Yogurt Cheese

Тараг АаруулБяслаг

CheeseYogurt

Milk processing form of Mongolian dairy products

Heat

Separation

Heat HeatHeat

Skimmed milk

Urum Tarag Byasraku Arol

Eizugi

Aruhi

Alcohol-fermented Horse Milk

Domestic animal milk

LowFermentation

(less than a day)

HighFermentationa day or more)

Takewhey

Takewhey

Co

nd

en

se

Le

av

e

Le

av

e

Lacto-bacillus

MIlk

The order of fermenting the low fermentation and the high fermentation (It is after it heats it before it heats it) is different by the situation and each home in the place. (Tarag is excluded. )

Method of defending enteric canal

Probaiotics

Prebaiotics

Intake of effective Ukin to balance improvement of intestinal bacterial floraLactic acid bacterium, Patils, and yeast (yogurt etc.)

Intake of food that adjusts bodily function through balance improvement of intestinal bacterial floraFructo-oligosaccharide (soybean flour, burdock, and onion) Dietary fiber (oatmeal, buckwheat, and mushroom) Difficulty digestibility starch

香川靖雄 , 「消化管疾患の人種差と食習慣」 , 『総合臨床』 , 54(9), 2005.9 p.2363-8

Racial difference of stomach cancer morbidity rate(Age adjustment) 1988 1992ｰ

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

J apa

nese

Hawa

ii J a

pane

se

Chines

eTh

ai

Cauc

asian(US

)

Afric

anAm

erican

Race

Mor

bidi

ty R

ate(

per

100,

000)

男性 女性

It is east Asian's characteristic that a lot of stomach cancers are

Men Women

ＰＥＭ

Liver failure

energy

α 　 amino acid

ammonia

energy energy

muscle

Urea

UreaCycle(Liver)

Citric acid

α 　 keto acid

Acetyl CoA

Citrulline

AntibioticEnema clyster

Citricacid cycle

Resolution in large intestines

AmmoniaToxin formation

Arginine

Edema

Lipid and intermediary

Metabolism thing

Sugar and intermediary

Metabolism thing

Ammonia rise in blood

(normal

Hepatic coma

Oltinin

Water

Carbon dioxide

Smallintestine

Yasuo KAGAWA et at al. “Core, molecular biology of human body” MARUZEN, 1997, p.124

Blood dialysisulrethral catheterization in the retention of the urine

hepatorenal failure up

blood urea nitrogen (normal

Urea cycledecrease

Protein(normal: Total protein

(normal : albumin

Necessary amino acid only

Largeintesitine

Absorption

Ulcerative colitis

Non-peculiar, inflammatory intestines disease characterized in not obtaining complete recovery repeating improvement and abhorrence

The generation part is only large intestines from the rectum to the vermiform appendix, and the inflammation chiefly soaks the mucous membrane, and is diseases ofan uncertain cause often forming the ulcer

Clinical course

Recurrence improvement typeChronic continuation typeAcute blitz typeFit first time type

Symptom and coexisting illness of ulcerative colitis

SymptomCoexisting illness intestines

outside the jurisdiction

Mucous and bloody stool

Diarrhea

Stomachache

Generation of heat

Anorexia

General malaise

Aphthous stomatitisOphthalmic lesion(iritis and eyeball conjunctivitis)

Arthritis Lesion of the skin (erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum)Pluck road change to a morbid state(gallstone and sclerosing cholangitis)

High amylase blood syndromeUrinary stone (oxalic acid 　 stone)

Thrombus and arteritis

Others

Racial difference of Stomach cancer contraction Adjusting age 1988 1992（ ） ｰ

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

J apanese J apanese inHawaii

Chinese Thai Caucasian inUS

AfricanAmerican

Race

Con

trac

tion

rat

e pe

r 10

0,00

0（

）

Men Women

Yasuo KAGAWA, “Racial difference and dining habit of intestinal disease” 『 Sougou Rinsho 』 , 54(9), 2005.9 p.2363-8

Transdermal endoscope gastric fistula Tsctscjuts : PEG

Source by “PEG Doctors Network”

StomachOutside Body

Walls of the abdomen

　ＴＦ PEG

　　 Prof. Fumio KOMATSU （ KAGAWA Nutrition University. Clinical Physiology ）

At first of PEG, injecting with hands 　 Prof. Fumio Komatsu

（ Kagawa Nutrition University. Clinical Physiology)

Enteral feeding product “Formula”　

Comparison of amounts of nutrient a packing of medicine made of IVH and medicine made of TF

TF （ Novartis)

　　 Calorie ： 300kcal Protein ： 11.25g Lipid ： 13.8g Carbohydrate ： 34.48g Na ： 190mg K ： 300mg Ca ： 170mg Mg ： 64mg P:160mg Fe:2.88mg Zn: 2.9mg Cu:0.44mg Se:11.3μg Cl:280mg VA:240μg VD:1.9μg VE:10mg 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 200ml／

1P 　　

VB1:0.6mgVB2:0.68mgNiacin:8mgVB6:0.8mgFolic Acid ： 64μgPantothenic acid： 4mgVC:70mgwater ： 155.4g

IVH 　（ Otsuka)

Total Calorie ： 820kcal Amount of total glucidic ： 175.20g Amount of total free amino acid ： 30g Calorie of non-protein/nitrogen ： 149 PH ： About 5.6 Osmotic pressure ratio ： About 6 Na+:35mEq K+:27mEq Mg2+:5mEq Ca2+:5mEq CI-:35mEq SO4

2-:5mEq Acetate-:54mEq Gluconate-:5mEq Citrate3-:11mEq P:6mmol Zn:10μmol　　　　　　　　　　　　　 900ml ／ 1P