LECTURE 3LECTURE 3

BY THE END OF THIS LECTURE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO USE :

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Countable and Uncountable nouns

Phrases of quantities

Some-Any Many-Much A few- A little22

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Future meanings

1. Countable anduncountable nouns

Noun

Countable Uncountable

Singular Plural

COUNTABLE NOUN

Countable nouns are those which we can count. They have singular and plural forms.

Countable nouns can be made plural, usually by adding - or at the end and takes articles

Example:I eat apples every day.

S

es

four bananas

an

a, an

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN Uncountable nouns are those which we cannot count.

after uncountable nouns.

We or a number in front of an uncountable nouns. They have only singular forms. For example:

-Do you drink some a milks before you sleep?

- I always put a sugars in my tea.

Don’t take “s”

do not use ‘a’/‘an’

LET’S PRACTICE

Correct the mistakes

1.Do you have a salt?2.I want some cheeses.3.I’m hungry. I’d like a soup.4.Could I have a bananas, please?5.I’d like a water, please.6.Would you like some hams?7.I drink a cup of coffees in the morning.

3. Some-AnyMany-Much

A few- A little

SOME We use some in affirmative sentences with uncountable nouns and

plural countable nouns. - There is some spinach left.- There are some carrots in the fridge.

-Can I have some milk please? (request)

ANY We use any in questions and negations with uncountable nouns and

plural countable nouns.

-Are there any biscuits?

-Yes, but there isn’t any milk.

-Is there any salt? - Yes, there is some salt.

EXERCISES

Fill in the gaps with some and any.

some

some

anyany

anysome

1. A: Would you like ……….tomato sauce on your spaghetti?B: Yes, please.

2. A: Are there …….. apricots in the fridge? B: No, I’m afraid there aren’t ……. .

3. A: Can I have ……… cake, please? B: Of course you can.

4. A: We don’t have ……. apple juice. B: I’ll go to the supermarket and buy ….. .

MANY/MUCH We use with nouns in questions and

negations.

We use with nouns in questions and negations.

many

much

How many eggs are there?There aren’t many candies left.

How much butter is there?

There isn’t much sugar left.

countable

uncountable

A FEW – A LITTLE

• A fewBefore countable nouns, a few means

“a small number.”

- We have a few slices of cheese.

A littleBefore uncountable nouns a little means

“a small amount.”

- We have a little butter in the fridge.

FILL IN SOME, ANY, MUCH, MANY, A FEW, A LITTLE.

A: Have we got, what we need for the cheeseburger?B: Let me see. Well, there are ………….. Burgers, but

there aren’t ………….rolls at all.A: How………… rolls do you need?B: Just …………. . I need ……….. cheese, too.A: How ……… cheese is there in the fridge?B: Not …………., but I only need …………. .A: Is there …………ketchup left?B: Only …………., but don’t need much, so don’t buy

… … . We haven’t got ………. mustard at all, though.

A: I’ll buy ……………, then.

someany

manya few

somemuc

hmuch

a little

anya littlemuch any

some

2. 2. Phrases of

quantities

PHRASES OF QUANTITIES

We use countable and uncountable nouns after phrases of quantity such as:

For example:

a jar/ a bottle / a piece / a loaf / a cup / a kilo / a carton / a bowl, a can etc.

a loaf of bread a bowl of soup a can of fruit juice

a jar of

a carton

a slice of

a piece of

лонхтой Баглаатай

хайрцагтай

хэрчим

шилтэй

xэсэг

a bottle of

a loaf of

FOOD EXPRESSIONS

VOCABULARY

LET’S PRACTISE

PHRASES OF QUANTITY

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

a bottle of a cup of a carton of

a glass of a slice of a jar of

smoked fish grilled shrimp

baked potatoes picked cabbage

barbecued beef boiled eggs

steamed vegetables fried noodles

FUTURE MEANINGS: FUTURE SIMPLE; {PRESENT CONTINUOUS; BE GOING TO;

PRESENT SIMPLE

Future simple

(subject + will + base form of the verb)

FUTURE SIMPLE

Affirmative

go I / You / He/ She/It/ We/They will eat ( ‘ll ) play

Negative

go I / You / He/ She/It/ We/They will not eat ( won’t ) play

Question

go? Will I / You / He/ She/It/ We/They eat? play?

Short answers Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they will. No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they won’t.

FUTURE SIMPLE Usage 1

FUTURE SIMPLE

Usage 2

We use the future simple:

for decisions about the future made at the time of speaking. ( on-the-spot decisions)

• A: What are you doing tonight? B: Not sure, I’ll probably watch a DVD.

• A: It’s hot in here. B: I’ll open the window.

FUTURE SIMPLE

Usage 3

We use the future simple:

for offers and promises

• Come on, I’ll help you with those bags. (offer)

• I will always love you. (promise)

BE GOING TO

Subject + be going to + base form of the verb

BE GOING TO

Affirmative

I am go He/ She/It/ is going to eat You/We/They are play

Negative

I am not go He/ She/It/ is not going to eat You/We/They are not play

Question

Am I go? Is He/ She/It/ going to eat? Are You/We/They play?

Short answers Yes, I am/you are /he is/we are etc. No, I’m/you aren’t/he isn’t/we aren’t etc.

BE GOING TO

Usage 1 We use be going to:

for decisions about the future made before the time of speaking. (plans and intentions)

• I’m going to invite lots of people to my party next week.

• We’ve won the lottery, we are going to buy a new car.

BE GOING TO

Usage 2

We use be going to: for predictions based on present evidence.• Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.

• Sarah is going to have a baby.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE

( subject + be +verb-ing )

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE

Affirmative

I am going He/ She/It/ is eating You/We/They are playing

Negative

I am not going He/ She/It/ is not eating You/We/They are not playing

Question

Am I going? Is He/ She/It eating? Are You/We/They playing?

Short answers Yes, I am/you are /he is/we are etc. No, I’m/you aren’t/he isn’t/we aren’t etc.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE

Usage 1

We use present continuous:

for actions that we have already arranged to do in the near future, especially when the time and place have been decided. • They’re moving into their new house next week.

• I’m meeting Jim at the airport.

PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE

PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE

Usage We use the present simple:

for timetable, fixed events and schedules

• The football match starts at 3:00 on Saturday.• Quick hurry! Our train leaves in 10 minutes.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

tomorrow the day after tomorrow tonight soon next week/month/year in a week/month/year… etc

He will go to the bank tomorrow.

Are you going to visit your friends next weekend?

Sam is going to the market in a few minutes.

PRACTICE

1. Do you think the car ……………..(start) if I turn the key? 2. I’ve got to go now, but I …. .………. (see) you next week? 3. Look out! That ladder ………………….(fall). 4. Prognosticator says the weather …………………... …..(get) worse in

the next few days. 5. “I ……………..(be) a pilot when I grow” said little boy. 6. The train ……………(leave) in five minutes-let’s go! 7. Now, let’s look at the timetable. We ……….. (arrive) in Rome at 6: 45

and we ………… depart at 7: 30 for Naples. 8. We …………… ……………....(plan) to buy a house this year. 9. You……………………….(fall) the exam if you don’t study harder! 10. I ………… (carry) those bags for you. They must be very heavy.

will start

will fail

‘ll seeis going to fall

is going to get/is getting

‘m going to be

leaves

arrive

depart

are planning/are going to plan

‘ll carry

WILL, BE GOING TO AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE

Future simple Be going to Present continuous

intention

(decided at the time of speaking: on-the spot decisions, offers, promises)

Come on, I’ll help you with those bags.I will always love you.

(decided before the time of speaking: plans and intentions )

I can’t make it on Saturday . I’m going to help my parents around the house.

prediction

(based on what we believe or think)

Robots will do most of the work in the future.

(based on present evidence)

Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain

arrangement

(plans and arrangements for events at a time later than now) We are getting married next month.