Lecture SIX Metamorphic Grade and Facies
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Transcript of Lecture SIX Metamorphic Grade and Facies
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Lecture SIXLecture SIXMetamorphic Grade and
Facies
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Metamorphic grade and Facies
Systematic spatial distribution in mineral assemblages that formed
during metamorphism in metamorphic terrains allow to delineate mineral
zonation, using index minerals (e.g. chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite,
cordierite, sillimanite, andalusite, wollastonite, diopside… etc.)
- Mineral zone: Zones in the field,
which mark the first appearance of
an index mineral, such as chlorite
zone, garnet zone.
-Mineral isograde: boundary
marked between two mineral zones,
which include:
- Mineral-in: first app
-Mineral-out: the last appearance of
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(Younger) Granites
Andesite-rhyolite (Dokhan) Volcanics
Type-VIType-IIIType-I
Undiffrentiatedorthogneisses
Metagabbros-metadiorite/metabasitesPelitic schists
Unmetamorphosed igneous rocks
Metamorphic complex
Mineral assemblagesgrt
grt+st
grt+st+sil
grt+st+and+silgrt+st+crd
grt+st+crd+and+sil
st+crd
Migmatites
(Older) Quartz-diorite
grt+silgrt+crdst+crd+sil
+ +
V V
29° 30'29° 32' 34° 51'+ + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + ++ + + + ++ + + ++ + +
29°
28'30"
T12
T11
T17
T19T18
T27
T8' T9
T10T8T7
T6
T2,2'T0
T1T4
T5 T3
T25
T26
+V
VV V V
VV V V
VV V V VV V V
V V V VV V V
b
V V VV VV VVVVV
W. Kholeifiya
++ ++ + ++ + ++ ++
W . T w e ib a
Example: Wadi Tweiba (S. Sinai) mineral zones
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Gabal Yelleq (Sinai) contact aureole mineral zones
Dolorite Sill
20 m
A11
A10A9A8A7
A0Core
Rim
H1H0
H13
Wadi fillingA4A6
Loweraureole
Upperaureole c
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Metapelites metamorphic zones (Scotland)
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Distribution of minerals within metamorphic zones
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Metamorphic grades
Metamorphic grades is a general term for describing the
relative P-T conditions under which the metamorphic rocks
form. The grades could subdivided into:
- Very low grade
- Low grade
- Medium grade
- High grade
- Very high grade
The boundaries between the grades are chosen to
correspond to important discontinuous reactions (could
recognized as major isograde), and they correlate with the
scheme of metamorphic facies.
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Metamorphic facies
Metamorphic facies is defined as a set of metamorphic
mineral assemblage, repeatedly associated in space and
time.
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Metamorphic grades and facies
Metamorphic gradeMetamorphic faciesIndex mineral assemblages
Pelitic rocksMetabasalt
Very low gradeZeoliteMixed layer clays, sericite
Laumonite, analcite, heulandite, wairakite
Prehnite-pumpellyiteIllite-muscovite, Chl, Ab, Pyr,
- prehnite-pumpellyite, Chl. Ab, Ep, Act, Law.
Blue schistChl, Tlc, Ms, Grt, ChldGlu, Law
Low gradeGreenschistChl, Ms, Ab, Bt, GrtAct, Ep, Ab, Chl, Act, Grt, Hbl
Albite-epidote hornfels
Ms, Bt, ChlPl, Ep, Act, Chl
Medium gradeAmphiboliteGrt, St, And, Ky, Sill, Ms, Crd
Hbl, Pl, Ep, Grt
Hornblende hornfelsCrd, Chl, bt, Ms, And Hbl, Pl, Cumm
High grade GranuliteCrd, Grt, Kfs, Sill, Ky, Hy, Sap.
Cpx, Grt, Opx, Pl, Ol, Hbl
Pyroxene honfelsCrd, And, KfsCpx, Opx, Pl, Ol, Hbl
Sanidinite Cor, Mgt, An, glassNot well defined
Very high gradeEclogiteTlc, ky, Grt, MsOmph (Cpx), grt
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Metamorphic grades and facies
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Metamorphic series
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Graphical representation of metamorphic mineral assemblage
1- ACF and AKF diagrams: Suitable for mafic rocks and calc-
silicates.
2- AFM diagram: Useful for pelitic rocks.
3- CAS (CaO - Al2O3 - SiO2) diagram: Useful for marly rocks
(calcareous mudstones).
4- MCS (MgO - CaO - SiO2) diagram: Useful for ultramafic rocks.
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ACF diagram
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AKF diagram
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Plotting of mineral assemblage and rock categories in
ACF and AKF
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AFM plotting
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AFM diagram
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SCM diagram