Lecture on Physiology of Haemoglobin.pptx
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Transcript of Lecture on Physiology of Haemoglobin.pptx
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HEMOGLOBIN
Dr. Manal Abdalla
Associate ProfessorClinical Pathology
Taibah University
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The Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte)
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Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is the main component oferythrocytes it transport oxygen and
carbon dioxide ,it is composed of aminoacids that form a single protein calledglobin and a compound called haemwhich contains an iron atom and the redpigment porphyrin
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Laboratory Tests
CBC (complete bloodcount) # of red blood cells
Hemoglobin content
Hematocrit-
Blood smear- classifysize (mcv)
Leukocyte and plateletcount
Reticulocyte count
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Red Blood Cells
Deliver oxygen totissues in the body
Only live about 120
days
Also called
Erythrocyte
Normal RBC level
(M): 5.4 +/- .8 million/
uL
(F): 4.8 +/- .6 million/
uL
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Hemoglobin
Normal Hemoglobin Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
Hb content indicated by mean
corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH = Hb (g /dl x 10) / RBC
(mil l ions/mm3)
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Normal Red Blood Cells
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HypochromiaofIron-deficiency
Anemia
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Size and Color of the red Blood
Cell
MCHCMCV
normocytic normochromichypochromicmacrocyticmicrocytic
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Hemoglobin
The oxygen binding capacity in theblood is directly proportional to the
Hb concentration rather than toRBC count because some RBC
contain more Hb than others .
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Hemoglobin
The hemoglobin determination is partof CBC it is used to screen for
diseases associated with anaemia ,to determine severity of anaemia
,to monitor response of treatment
for anaemia and to evaluatepolythcythemia
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Reference Values
Women: 12 - 16 gm /dl
Men : 13 - 17 gm /dl
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Hemoglobin (2 2)
chain
chain chain
chainHeme
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Types of hemoglobin
Normalhemoglobin :
HbA: it is formed of two alpha chains and two
beta chains , it constitutes 96% of total HbHbA2: it is formed of two alpha chains andtwo delta chains ,it constitutes about 2 %only of total Hb
HbF : it is formed of two alpha chains and two
gamma chains ,it constitutes 2% of total Hb
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Types of hemoglobin
Abnormal hemoglobin :
There are many types of abnormal
hemoglobin such as Hb S , Hb D ,HbC , Hb J
Those hemoglobins differ in their
structure of amino acid chains
which areheriditarytransmitted
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Clinical Implications
Decreased Hemoglobin :
Decreased Hb level are found in anaemia
,a condition in which there is a reductionof Hb , heamatocrete and RBC count
Iron deficiency , thalassaemia
,pernicious anaemia andhemoglobinopathies
Liver disease and hypothyrodism
Hemorrhage
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Clinical Implications
Hemolytic anaemia
Impaired production of red cells by
bone marrowVarious systemic diseases as :
Hodgkin disease
LeukemiaSLE
Lymphoma
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Causes of Anemia
Lack of required
nutrients
Loss of blood
Chronic Disease
Genetic Abnormalities
Inadequate production
of red blood cells
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Koilonychia in iron-deficiency anemia
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Clinical Implications
Increased Hb :
Polycythemia vera
Dehydration
Newborne
Congestive heart failureErythropoietin producing tumors
Chronic obstructive lung disease
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