Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences

Series Editors

P. Blondel, Bath, UKJ. Reitner, Göttingen, GermanyK. Stüwe, Graz, AustriaM. H. Trauth, Potsdam, GermanyD. A. Yuen, Minnesota, USA

Founding Editors

G. M. Friedman, Brooklyn and Troy, USAA. Seilacher, Tübingen, Germany and Yale, USA

For further volumes:http://www.springer.com/series/10529

Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza •

Carolina Guardiola-AlbertJavier Heredia • Luis Moreno-MerinoJuan José Durán • Jose Antonio Vargas-GuzmánEditors

Mathematics of Planet Earth

Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conferenceof the International Association forMathematical Geosciences

123

EditorsEulogio Pardo-IgúzquizaCarolina Guardiola-AlbertJavier HerediaLuis Moreno-MerinoJuan José DuránDepartamento de Investigación y

Prospectiva GeocientíficaInstituto Geológico y Minero de EspañaMadridSpain

Jose Antonio Vargas-GuzmánSaudi AramcoDhahranSaudi Arabia

ISSN 2193-8571 ISSN 2193-858X (electronic)ISBN 978-3-642-32407-9 ISBN 978-3-642-32408-6 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32408-6Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London

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Preface

This book is a comprehensive summary of the 15th annual conference of theInternational Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG Madrid 2013)held in Madrid (Spain). The IAMG Madrid 2013 has been an international forumof scientific debate on the research progress made worldwide on theoreticaldevelopments and practical applications of geomathematics. The theme of theconference, ‘‘Frontiers of Mathematical Geosciences: New Approaches toUnderstand the Natural World,’’ makes emphasis on the need for new paradigms,methodologies, and detailed earth models at multiple scales in order to solveimportant technological problems that the humankind is facing in relation tosustainable water, energy, minerals, and multiple environmental resources con-sidering climate and natural hazards concerns.

Planet Earth is a complex system where the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydro-sphere, cryosphere, and biosphere interact among them to build products fromcomplex processes. Furthermore, the increase of human population is associated tonew issues in relation to fast lessening of earth resources and habitats;e.g., depletion of nonrenewable resources, contamination of water, soils and airpollution, environmental impact, deforestation, endangered species, climatechange, and geological hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions,flooding, potential loss of glaciers and ice caps, etc.). Some of these problems maybe also associated to the increase of urban settlements around the world. In con-sequence, governmental agencies, the industry, and society in general aredemanding the scientific community to increase the quantitative understanding ofhow the complex earth system works. Computers, satellite imagery, and newgeophysical techniques have been deployed to gather and process large amounts ofnew data, expecting to facilitate the planetary monitoring and modeling. Never-theless, the scientific basis for interpreting such data is well established in theyoung discipline of geomathematics, some of the challenges in relation to earthprocesses are very complex, and their solution will require the best of humanability and creativity, through numerical models and associated methods. There-fore, geomathematics has been raised as the essential science to model processesand resources in geosciences for solving fundamental resource and planetary

v

sustainability problems at multiple scales. Moreover, the application and use ofmathematics in geological research and technology is not only focused on dealingwith specific issues of our planet. Study findings on mathematical geosciences arealso extremely important for the planetary geology research.

The main duty of IAMG 2013 has been to discuss and disseminate the latesttrends in research about leading problems. This proceeding book contains 184contributions grouped adequately in 27 sessions.

vi Preface

Acknowledgments

This book was made possible due to the dedicated and combined effort of theConference conveners, authors, and reviewers. The editors of this book offer to allof them their sincere gratitude. Especially we would like to thank the 150 ‘‘silent’’reviewers who spent much time commenting the manuscripts.

The 15th Annual Conference of the International Association for MathematicalGeosciences (IAMG) has been organized by the Spanish Geological Survey(Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, IGME). We acknowledge the IAMG forits support. In particular, we are grateful to Dr. Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn whoencouraged us to organize this Conference and Dr. Ricardo Olea for his continuousguidance.

We would like to thank the Madrid Convention Bureau for its assistance inpreparing the proposal to organize the Conference and help with the meetinglogistics.

Appreciation is also extended to the following sponsors, without their support itwould not have been possible to publish this book:

• Instituto Geológico y Minero de España• Saudi Aramco• Gas Natural Fenosa• Gamma Geofísica• KARSTINV

vii

Organizing Committee

The 15th Annual Conference of the International Association for MathematicalGeosciences (IAMG) has been organized by researches from the SpanishGeological Survey (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, IGME).

Eulogio Pardo IgúzquizaCarolina Guardiola Albert

Javier Heredia DíazLuís Moreno Merino

Juan José Durán Valsero

ix

Scientific Committee

Angulo, José Miguel (Universidad de Granada, Spain)Atkinson, Peter (University of Southampton, UK)Bárdossy, George (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary)Bastida, Fernando (Oviedo University, Spain)Baucon, Andrea (UNESCO Geopark Naturtejo Meseta Meridional, Portugal)Bertino, Laurent (Mohn-Sverdrup Center, Norway)Bohling, Geoff (Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, USA)Bosque Sendra, Joaquín (Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Spain)Caers, Jef (Stanford University, USA)Candela, Lucila (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Spain)Carrera, Jesús (Instituto Jaume Almera, Spain)Casermeiro, Miguel Angel (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)Chica Olmo, Mario (Universidad de Granada, Spain)Christakos, George (San Diego State University, USA)Demyanov, Vasily (Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK)Diblasi, Angela (Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina)Díez, Andrés (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Spain)Doveton, John (Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, USA)Dowd, Peter (University of Adelaide, Australia)Egozcue, Juan José (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Spain)Elorza, Francisco Javier (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain)Fernández Torres, José (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)Fernandez-Steeger, Tomas M. (RWTH Aachen, Germany)Freeden, Willi (TU Kaiserslautern, Germany)Gens Solé, Antonio (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Spain)Giráldez, Juan Vicente (Universidad de Córdoba, Spain)Gómez Hernández, Jaime (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain)Goovaerts, Pierre (Biomedware, USA)Grunsky, Eric (Geological Survey of Canada, Canada)Gutiérrez, Francisco (Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain)Hendricks Franssen, Harrie-Jan (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany)Herrera García, Gerardo (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Spain)Ildefonso Diaz, Jesús (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)

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Kanevski, M. (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)Karimi, Hassan A. (University of Pittsburgh, USA)Kaufman, Gordon M. (Sloan School of Management MIT, USA)Mardia, Kanti V. (University of Leeds, UK)Martín, Miguel Angel (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain)Martín Alfageme, Santiago (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Spain)Martínez Frías, Jesús (Centro de Astrobiología, Spain)Mateu, Jorge (Universidad Jaume I, Spain)Moreno, José F. (Universidad de Valencia, Spain)Mosegaard, Klaus (Technical University of Denmark, Denmark)Nashed, Zuhair (University of Central Florida, USA)Neto de Carvalho, Carlos (UNESCO Geopark Naturtejo Meseta Meridional,Portugal)Olea, Ricardo (U.S. Geological Survey, USA)Pachepsky, Yakov (United States Department of Agriculture, USA)Paredes, Carlos (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain)Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera (Universidad de Girona, Spain)Pérez Cerdan, Fernando (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Spain)Poblet Esplugas, Josep (Oviedo University, Spain)Ramón Francés García, Felix (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain)Renard, Philip (University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland)Rivas, Raul (Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras, Argentina)Rodríguez, Leticia (Centro de Estudio Hidro-Ambientales, Universidad Nacionaldel Litoral, Argentina)Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco Javier (Universidad de Granada, Spain)Romero Pérez, Ma del Pilar (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)Samper, Javier (Universidad de La Coruña, Spain)San Jose Martínez, Fernando (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain)Schaeben, Helmut (Technische Universität Bergakademie, Germany)Schuenemeyer, Jack (Southwest Statistical Consulting, LLC, USA)Soares, Amilcar (Instituo Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Portugal)Soto, Juan I. (Granada University, Spain)Vargas Guzmán, J. A. (Aramco, Saudi Arabia)Victorov, Alexey S. (Institute of Environmental Geoscience of Russian Academyof Science, Russia)Wackernagel, Hans (Centre Geosciences Ecole de Mines de Paris, France)Yongjiu, Dai (Beijing Normal University, China)

xii Scientific Committee

Sponsored by

Aramco: Saudi Arabian Oil Company that produces, manufactures, markets andships crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products to meet the global demand.

Gamma Geofísica: Gamma Geofísica is company committed to the developmentof projects and geophysical consultancy.

Gas Natural Fenosa: Gas Natural Fenosa is a leading group in the energy sector,pioneering in gas and electricity integration.

xiii

xiv Sponsored by

KARSTINV: KARSTINV is a Research Project (CGL2010-15498) supported bythe ‘‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’’ of Spain.

Madrid Convention Bureau: The Madrid Convention Bureau provides a widerange of services for any event hosted in Madrid.

Contents

Part I Advances in Classical Statistics Relevant to the Geosciences

Performance Evaluation of Swanson’s Rule for the Caseof Log-Normal Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Maryam Moghadasi and Jerry L. Jensen

Modelling Ore Bodies of High-Nugget Gold UsingConditional Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Evelyn June Hill, Nicholas H. S. Oliver, James Cleverleyand Michael Nugus

The Extraction of Long-Term Distribution Trendsof Ore-Sourced Geochemical Elements from an Drill Corein the Loess Covered Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Deyi Xu, Hongwei Pei, Ningqiang Liu, Zhaoxian Yuan,Shuyun Xie and Qiuming Cheng

Evaluating Predictive Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Michael Scheuerer and Tilmann Gneiting

At the Interface Between Mathematical Geoscienceand Classical Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Frits Agterberg

Estimating the Number and Locations of Euler Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Florian Bachmann, Peter Jupp and Helmut Schaeben

Testing for Microhomogeneity in Reference Materialsfor Microanalytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27R. Tolosana-Delgado, A. D. Renno, P. P. Michalakand K. G. van den Boogaart

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Recent Univariate and Multivariate Statistical TechniquesApplied to Gold Exploration in the Amapari Area,Amazon Region, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Luis Paulo Braga, Francisco José da Silva and Claudio Gerheim Porto

Maximum Likelihood Inference of Spatial CovarianceParameters of Large Data Sets in Geosciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Kanti V. Mardia and Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza

A Cross-Polar Modeling Approach to Hindcast Paleo-ArcticMega Icebergs: A Storyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Reinhard Furrer, Nina Kirchner and Martin Jakobsson

Towards a Statistical Treatment of Images Acquiredby Automated Mineralogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Sandra Birtel, Raimon Tolosana Delgado, Stephan Matos Camacho,Jens Gutzmer and K. Gerald van den Boogaart

Distributional Assumptions and Parametric Uncertaintiesin the Aggregation of Geologic Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49John H. Schuenemeyer and Ricardo A. Olea

Modeling Extremal Dependence Using Copulas. Applicationto Rainfall Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53M. I. Ortego, J. J. Egozcue and R. Tolosana-Delgado

Part II Frontier Geostatistics

Revisiting ‘‘Estimating and Choosing’’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Jean Serra

Pragmatic Bayesian Kriging for Non-Stationaryand Moderately Non-Gaussian Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Konstantin Krivoruchko and Alexander Gribov

Geostatistical History Matching Conditioned to Seismic Data . . . . . . . 65Amílcar Soares, Leonardo Azevedo, Sara Focaccia and João Carneiro

Handling Soft Probabilities in Multiple Point Statistics Simulation . . . 69Pierre Biver, Gregoire Mariethoz, Julien Straubhaar,Tatiana Chugunova and Philippe Renard

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An Application of Equal-Area-Growing Window for CalculatingLocal Singularity for Mapping Granites in Inner Mongolia . . . . . . . . 73Daojun Zhang, Qiuming Cheng and Frits Agterberg

Semi-Variogram Model Inference Using a MedianBootstrap Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Ricardo A. Olea and Peter A. Dowd

Part III Compositional Data Analysis Applied to Geochemistry

Geometric and Statistical Modeling of Fractures in the 3DDisturbed Zone of a Claystone Around a Cylindrical Gallery(Meuse-Haute Marne Underground ResearchLaboratory, France) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Rachid Ababou, Israel Cañamón and Adrien Poutrel

Robust Regression with Compositional Response:Application to Geosciences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Karel Hron, Peter Filzmoser, Matthias Templ,Karl Gerald van den Boogaart and Raimon Tolosana-Delgado

Compositional Analysis in the Study of Mineralization Basedon Stream Sediment Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Renguang Zuo

Modelling World Energy Applying SimplicialLinear Ordinary Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Eusebi Jarauta-Bragulat, Carme Hervada-Sala and Juan José Egozcue

Structural Analysis of the National Geochemical Surveyof Australia Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Ute Mueller, Johnny Lo, Patrice de Caritat and Eric Grunsky

Discriminant Analysis of Palaeogene Basalt Lavas,Northern Ireland, Using Soil Geochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Jennifer M. McKinley, Sam Roberson, Mark Cooperand Raimon Tolosana-Delgado

Chemical Equilibria in Compositional Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107K. Gerald van den Boogaart, Raimon Tolosana Delgadoand Silke Konsulke

Contents xvii

Analysis of Total Abundances of Phytoplankton Compositionsin a River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn, Juan J. Egozcue and David Lovell

Part IV Data Assimilation in Geoosciences

Recursive Upward Sweeping and Updating Method onEnsemble Based Multiscale Algorithm in Data Assimilation . . . . . . . . 115Chen Li, Shihua Chen, Chunlin Huang and Wei Gong

Corrected Kriging Update Formulae for Batch-SequentialData Assimilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Clément Chevalier, David Ginsbourger and Xavier Emery

Part V Machine Learning Geoscience Applications

Analysis of the Parametrization Needs of DifferentLand Cover Classifiers: The Case Study of GrandaProvince (Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Victor F. Rodriguez-Galiano and Mario Chica-Olmo

Automatic Raman Spectra Processing for Exomars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Isaac Hermosilla Rodriguez, Guillermo Lopez-Reyes, D. R. Llanosand Fernando Rull Perez

Fuzzy Parameterization of a Filtration Model for aNon-homogeneous Sedimentary Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Elena Savelyeva and Aleksander Rastorguyev

Application of Multivariate Analysis Techniquesfor the Identification of Sulfates From Raman Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Guillermo Lopez-Reyes, Pablo Sobron, Catherine Lefebvreand Fernando Rull

Comparison of Micro X-ray Computer Tomography ImageSegmentation Methods: Artificial Neural NetworksVersus Least Square Support Vector Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Swarup Chauhan, Wolfram Rühaak, Frieder Enzmann, Faisal Khan,Philipp Mielke, Michael Kersten and Ingo Sass

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Learning Uncertainty from Training Images for ReservoirPredictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Temitocles Rojas, Varily Demyanov, Mike Christie and Darn Arnold

A Particle Swarm Optimization for Parameter Estimationof a Rainfall-Runoff Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Frédéric Bardolle, Frédérick Delay, Francis Bichot, Gilles Poreland Nathalie Dörfliger

Sequential Weights of Evidence as a Machine Learning Modelfor Mineral Deposits Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Qiuming Cheng

Identification of Spatial Models of d18 O in Precipitationof the Wet Season Over Spain Using Genetic Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 163Javier Heredia, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Javier Rodríguez-Arévalo,Silvino Castaño, Maria F. Díaz-Teijeiro, Jose E. Capilla,Aantonio Prado and Lara Bardasano

Part VI Spatiotemporal Analysis: Structural Complexityand Extreme Behaviour

Space-Time Prediction of Extreme Events by UsingMathematical Logic Modeling of Cause-Effect Relations . . . . . . . . . . . 167Susanna Sirotinskaya

Local Clustering in Spatio-Temporal Point Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Jorge Mateu and Francisco J. Rodríguez-Cortés

The Use of Remote Sensing Data in a ColombianAndean Basin for Risk Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Olga Lucía Ocampo López and Jorge Julián Vélez Upegui

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Earthquake OccurrencesUsing a Multiresolution Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Orietta Nicolis

Statistical Complexity Analysis of Spatiotemporal Dynamics . . . . . . . . 185José M. Angulo and Francisco J. Esquivel

Contents xix

Part VII Parameterization of Soil Systems at Different Scales

Frequency Distributions and Scaling of Soil Textureand Hydraulic Properties in a Stratified Deep VadoseZone Near Maricopa, Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Alberto Guadagnini, Shlomo P. Neuman, Marcel G. Schaapand Monica Riva

Cascade of Proppant-Sandwiched Silt Blocks as a Double-Continuum:From Discovery to Mathematical Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Anvar Kacimov, Said Al-Ismaily, Ali Al-Maktoumi,Hamed Al-Busaidi and Said Al-Saqri

Parameterization of Soil Thermal Diffusivity Versus MoistureContent Dependencies and Modeling Spatial Heterogeneityof Soil Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Tatiana Arkhangelskaya

A Packing Computational Method Relating Fractal ParticleSize Distribution and Void Fraction in Granular Media . . . . . . . . . . . 201Carlos García-Gutiérrez, Miguel A. Martín, Francisco Muñoz,Miguel Reyes and Francisco J. Taguas

Parallel Sets and Morphological Measurements of CT Imagesof Soil Pore Structure in a Vineyard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Fernando San José Martínez, Francisco J. Muñoz,Francisco J. Caniego and Fernando Peregrina

Part VIII Fractal, Chaos, and Complexity in the Earth System

Evaluation of Fractal Dimension in Karst Aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Pedro A. Robledo Ardila, Juan José Durán Valseroand Eulogio Pardo Igúzquiza

Fractal Modelling of Karst Conduits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Juan José Durán, Pedro Robledo,Carolina Guardiola, Juan Antonio Luque and y Sergio Martos

Frequency–Area Distribution of Historical Landslidesin the Sannio Apennine (Southern Italy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Angelo Donnarumma, Paola Revellino and Francesco Maria Guadagno

xx Contents

Part IX Remote Sensing a Changing World

A Spatiotemporal Remotely-Sensed Assessmentof Peat Covered Areas Using Airborne Radiometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Jennifer M. McKinley, Antoinette Keaney and Alastair Ruffell

Monitoring of Urban-Damaging Landslides with SatelliteRadar Missions: Arcos de la Frontera (Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Guadalupe Bru, José Fernández, Pablo J. González and Kristy F. Tiampo

Multivariate Variogram and Madogram: Tools forQuantifying Diversity/Dissimilarity in Spatiotemporal Data . . . . . . . . 235Phaedon Kyriakidis, Dimitra Kitsiou and Dimitris Kavroudakis

Spatiotemporal Interactions for Daily Mapping of PM10

with MODIS and Meteorological Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Piero Campalani, Simone Mantovani and Peter Baumann

Part X Radar Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoringand Modelling of Ground Instabilities

Non Linear PS Time Series: Analysis and Post-Processingfor Landslides Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Davide Notti, Claudia Meisina, Francesco Zucca and Alessio Colombo

Observation of the Mining-Induced Surface DeformationsUsing C and L SAR Bands: The Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland) Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Marek Graniczny, Zbigniew Kowalski, Anna Piatkowskaand Maria Przyłucka

Multi-Temporal Evaluation of Landslide-Induced Movementsand Damage Assessment in San Fratello (Italy) by Meansof C- and X-Band PSI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Silvia Bianchini, Deodato Tapete, Andrea Ciampalini,Federico Di Traglia, Chiara Del Ventisette, Sandro Morettiand Nicola Casagli

Integration of Earth Observation and Ground-Based HR Datain the Civil Protection Emergency Cycle: The Caseof the DORIS Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Paola Pagliara, Giuseppe Basile, Pierluigi Cara, Angelo Corazza,Andrea Duro, Bruno Manfrè, Roberta Onori, Chiara Proiettiand Vincenzo Sansone

Contents xxi

Geostatistical Analysis of PSI Radar Data: A Methodologyto Assess Serviceable Limit State of Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Margarita P. Sanabria, Carolina Guardiola-Albert,Roberto S. Tomás, Geraint Cooksley and Gerardo Herrera

Using Modern Sensor Data and Advanced NumericalModelling for Slow Landslides Motion Forecasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Jose A. Fernández-Merodo, Juan C. García-Davalilloand Gerardo Herrera

Characterization of Underground Cellars in the Duero Basinby GNSS, LIDAR and GPR Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Miguel Angel Conejo-Martín, Tomás Ramón Herrero-Tejedor,Enrique Pérez-Martín, Javier Lapazaran-Izargain, Jaime Otero-García,Juan Francisco Prieto-Morín and Jesús Velasco-Gómez

Study of Subsidence on Aquifers Having Undergone Extractionand Inactive Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Rubén Martínez-Marín, Pablo Ezquerro-Martín,Juan Carlos Ibáñez-Carranza, Juan Gregorio Rejas-Ayugaand Maguel Marchamalo-Sacristán

Advanced InSAR Techniques to Support LandslideMonitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Fernando Bellotti, Marco Bianchi, Davide Colombo,Alessandro Ferretti and Andrea Tamburini

Part XI Geographic Information Systems/Geoinformatics

Estimation of Information Loss When Masking ConditionalDependence and Categorizing Continuous Data:Further Experiments on a Database for Spatial PredictionModelling in Northern Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Andrea G. Fabbri, Simone Poli, Antonio Patera, Angelo Cavallinand Chang-Jo Chung

3D-GIS Analysis for Mineral Resources Explorationin Luanchuan, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Gongwen Wang, Shouting Zhang, Changhai Yan, Yaowu Song,Jianan Qu, Yanyan Zhu and Dong Li

Animation of Groundwater Flow with STRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Isabel Ostermann and Torsten Seidel

xxii Contents

SHEE Program, a Tool for the Display, Analysis andInterpretation of Hydrological Processes in Watersheds . . . . . . . . . . . 303Jesús Mateo Lázaro, José Ángel Sánchez Navarro,Alejandro García Gil and Vanesa Edo Romero

Mathematical Methods of the Data Analysis in a ProspectingDatabase for Geological Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Oleg Mironov

Geoprocessing Tool Regenerat: Characterization of MineralResource Quality of Renewable Sediment Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Heinz Reitner, Sebastian Pfleiderer, Maria Heinrich, Irena Lipiarska,Piotr Lipiarski, Julia Rabeder, Thomas Unterswegand Ingeborg Wimmer-Frey

Spatiotemporal Data Model for Multi-factor GeologicalProcess Analysis with Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Gang Liu, Xiang Que, Xiaonan Hu, Shanjun Tian and Jiacheng Zhu

Use of Variational Methods in Geological Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325Andrey N. Sidorov, Andrey G. Plavnik, Andrei A. Sidorovand Michail S. Shutov

Comparison of Methods for Depth to Groundwater Calculationin Hard Rock Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Ronny Laehne, Dorothee Altenstein and Wolfgang Gossel

Part XII Quantitavie Methods in Geomorphology and LandSurface Processes

Line-Geometry-Based Inverse Distance WeightedInterpolation (L-IDW): Geoscientific Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Wolfgang Gossel and Michael Falkenhagen

Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Modeling and Analysisof Morphological Changes in the Palancia River (Spain)During a Severe Flood Event on October 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Beatriz Nácher-Rodríguez, Ignacio Andrés-Doménech,Carles Sanchis-Ibor, Francisca Segura-Beltrán,Francisco J. Vallés-Morán and Eduardo Albentosa Hernández

Contents xxiii

Stream Length-Gradient Index Mapping as a Tool forLandslides Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Jorge Pedro Galve, Daniela Piacentini, Francesco Troianiand Marta Della Seta

Quantitative Method on Historical Reconstruction ofCoastal Geomorphological Change on Wave-Dominated Coast:A Case Study of the Pomeranian Bay, Southern Baltic Sea . . . . . . . . . 347Junjie Deng, Jan Harff and Joanna Dudzinska-Nowak

Linfo: A Visual Basic Program for Analysis of SpatialProperties of Lineaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351A. C. Dinesh, Vipin Joseph Markose and K. S. Jayappa

Numerical Karst: Spatio-temporal Modelling of KarstAquifer Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Sergio Martos, Juan Antonio Luque,Juan José Durán, Carolina Guardiola-Alberto and Pedro Robledo

Surface Insights of Structural Relief Distribution Withinthe Madrid Cenozoic Basin from Fluvial and TerrainMorphometric Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Julio Garrote and Guillermina Garzón

Part XIII Deformation Modeling, Geodynamics and Natural Hazards

Reinterpretation of Teide 2004–2005 Gravity Changesby 3D Line Segments Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Peter Vajda, Ilya Prutkin and Jo Gottsmann

An Update GPS Velocity and Strain Rate Fields for theIberian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Mimmo Palano, Pablo J. González and José Fernández

The 2012 Kilauea Volcano, Hawai’i, Slow-Slip Event Capturedby cGPS and Satellite Radar Interferometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Pablo J. González, Sergey V. Samsonov and Mimmo Palano

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Ground Deformation at CampiFlegrei and Mt Vesuvius, Italy, Observed by Envisatand Radarsat-2 InSAR During 2003–2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377Sergey V. Samsonov, Pablo J. González, Kristy F. Tiampo,Antonio G. Camacho and José Fernández

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Anthropogenic and Natural Ground Deformation Near Bologna,Italy Observed by Radarsat-2 InSAR During 2008–2013. . . . . . . . . . . 383Sergey V. Samsonov, Pablo J. González and Kristy F. Tiampo

Surface Displacements, Deformations and Gravity ChangesDue to Underground Heat Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Ladislav Brimich and Igor Kohut

Polarization Persistent Scatterer InSAR Analysison the Hayward Fault, CA, 2008–2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Kristy F. Tiampo, Pablo J. González and Sergey S. Samsonov

Earth Models at the Low Andarax River Valley (SE Spain)by Means of Cross-Correlation of Ambient Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399Abigail Jiménez, Antonio García-Jerez, Enrique Carmona,Francisco Sánchez-Martos and Francisco Luzón

Some Insights About Volcano Deformation Interpretation . . . . . . . . . 403María Charco and Pedro Galán del Sastre

Part XIV Hydrogeology: From Process Understandingto Improved Predictions

Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of TransientGroundwater Flow Data: Stochastic Moment SolutionVersus Traditional Monte Carlo Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407Marco Panzeri, Monica Riva, Alberto Guadagniniand Shlomo P. Neuman

New Analytical Solutions for Phreatic Darcian Flows OverNon-Planar Bedrocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Anvar Kacimov, Yurii Obnosov and Osman Abdalla

When Steady-State is Not Enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández, Teng Xu, Haiyan Zhou and Liangping Li

Hydrogeological and Thermal Modelling of an UndergroundMining Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419Clara Andrés Arias, Almudena Ordóñez Alonsoand Rodrigo Álvarez García

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Effect of Entrapped Gas Below the Phreatic Surfaceon Pressure Propagation and Soil Deformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Héctor Montenegro, Oliver Stelzer and Bernhard Odenwald

Time Series Analysis of Groundwater Hydrographs:Case Study From a Hardrock Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Wolfgang Gossel and Ronny Laehne

Coupled Hydrogeophysical Simulation of a Pumping Test inan Unconfined Aquifer and its Associated Gravimetric Anomaly. . . . . 435Andrés González-Quirós and José Paulino Fernández-Álvarez

Towards a More Efficient Simulation of Surface–GroundwaterInteraction in Conjunctive Use Systems: Selective Compressionand Modal Masking in the Eigenvalue Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Oscar David Álvarez-Villa, Eduardo Cassiraga and Andrés Sahuquillo

Rational Lanczos Reduction of Groundwater Flow Modelsto Perform Efficient Simulations of Surface-Ground WaterInteraction in Conjunctive Use Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443Oscar David Álvarez-Villa, Eduardo Cassiraga and Andrés Sahuquillo

Efficient Generation of Effective Modes and Spectral Masksto Build Reduced Groundwater Flow Models Using theEigenvalue Method with Selective Compressionand Modal Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Oscar David Álvarez-Villa, Eduardo Cassiraga and Andrés Sahuquillo

Application of Eigenvalue Method with Selective Compressionand Modal Masking and Rational Lanczos Reduction Methodto the Efficient Simulation of Surface–Ground WaterInteractions in Heterogeneous Aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Oscar David Álvarez-Villa, Eduardo Cassiraga and Andrés Sahuquillo

A Multipoint Flux Domain Decomposition Methodfor Transient Flow Modeling in Complex Porous Media . . . . . . . . . . . 457Andrés Arrarás, Laura Portero and Ivan Yotov

Optimal Reconstruction of 3D Fracture Networks(FEBEX Field Test, Grimsel Site, Swiss Alps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Israel Cañamón, Rachid Ababou and F. Javier Elorza

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Part XV Quantitative Hydrology: Working Across ScientificDisciplines and Time-space Scales

Numerical Analysis of Stream–Groundwater Exchangein a Floodplain Following a Dike Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Héctor Montenegro

Models of Parallel Linear Reservoirs (PLR) with WatershedTraversal Algorithm (WTA) in Behaviour Researchof Hydrological Processes in Catchments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Jesús Mateo Lázaro, José Ángel Sánchez Navarro,Vanesa Edo Romero and Alejandro García Gil

An Analytical Solution of Tide-Induced Head Fluctuationsin an Inhomogeneous Coastal Aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Luis Guarracino and Leonardo Monachesi

Mapping of Flood-Plain by Processing of ElevationData from Remote Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481Viviana Aguilar Muñoz and Márcio de Morisson Valeriano

Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity on Rate of SedimentaryO2 Consumption Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485Tanushree Dutta and Simonetta Rubol

Optimal Development of Regional Rain Network Using Entropyand Geostatistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Hadi Mahmoudi-Meimand, Sara Nazif and Hasan-Ali Faraji-Sabokbar

Part XVI Quantitative Environmental Geology

Application of Drastic Methodology for Evaluation of GuaraniAquifer Vulnerability: Study Case in Ribeirão Bonito, SP, Brazil . . . . 497Rafael Gonçalves Santos, Mara Lúcia Marques,Gabriela Trigo Ferreira and José Ricardo Sturaro

A Case Study of Geometric Modelling via 3-D Point Interpolationfor the Bathymetry of the Rabasa Lakes (Alicante, Spain) . . . . . . . . . 503África de la Hera, Enrique López-Pamo, Esther Santofimia,Guillermo Gallego, Raquel Morales, Juan José Durán-Valseroand José Manuel Murillo-Díaz

Contents xxvii

Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data Sets withNon-Detect Observations: Application to the Plana de Sagunto(Valencia, Spain) Groundwater Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507Juan Grima, Juan Antonio Luque-Espinar, Juan Ángel Mejía-Gómezand Ramiro Rodríguez

The Mesh Optimization of the Environmental Investigation Appliedto the Diagnosis of the Quality of the Basement(Algerian Experience) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513Abderrahim Gheris

Data Archives: Development and Applicationin Environmental Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517Konstantin Alexeev

Ecological Remediation Volume (ERV) in Coastal AquifersAffected by Seawater Intrusion. Methodology and Applicationin the Oropesa-Torreblanca Plain (Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa, Ignacio Morell, David Pulido and Jorge Mateu

A Radon Risk Map of Germany Based on the Geogenic RadonPotential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Peter Bossew

Quantitative Risk Management of Groundwater Contaminationby Nitrates Using Indicator Geostatistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533Mario Chica-Olmo, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza,Juan Antonio Luque-Espinar, Víctor Rodríguez-Galianoand Lucía Chica-Rivas

Geologically Constrained Groundwater Monitoring NetworkOptimization in Halle (Germany): A Case Study with SaltwaterIntrusion Along a Fault System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537Thomas Horschig, Ronny Lähne, Michael Falkenhagenand Wolfgang Gossel

Informative Trace-Element Features of Cassiteritefrom Tin Mineralized Zones and Breccias in the RussianFar East: Application of Logic-Informational Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 541Nina Gorelikova, Irina Chizhova and Filipp Balashov

A Spatial Statistical Approach for SedimentaryGold Exploration: A Portuguese Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545Pierre Goovaerts, Teresa Albuquerque and Margarida Antunes

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Part XVII Modeling of Energy Resources

Coalbed Methane Production Analysis and Filter Simulationfor Quantifying Gas Drainage from Coal Seams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549C. Özgen Karacan and Ricardo A. Olea

The Relationship Between Skin and Apparent Wellbore Radiusin Fractal Drainage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553Tom Aage Jelmert

Parameterization of Channelized Training Images: A NovelApproach for Multiple-Point Simulations of Fluvial Reservoirs . . . . . . 557Mohamed M. Fadlelmula, Serhat Akin and Sebnem Duzgun

Mathematical and Physical Models for the Estimation of Wind-WavePower Potential in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561George Galanis, George Emmanouil, Christina Kalogeriand George Kallos

Geostatistical AVO Direct Facies Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Leonardo Azevedo, Pedro Correia, Rúben Nunes and Amílcar Soares

Optimized History Matching with Stochastic ImageTransforming of a Deltaic Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571Maria Helena Caeiro, Amilcar Soares, Vasily Demyanovand Mike Christie

Conditioning 3D Object Based Models to a Large Numberof Wells: A Channel Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Jeff B. Boisvert and Michael J. Pyrcz

Modeling Channel Forms Using a Boundary RepresentationBased on Non-uniform Rational B-Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581Jeremy Ruiu, Guillaume Caumon, Sophie Viseur and Christophe Antoine

Moving Away from Distance Classifications as Measuresof Resource Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585Ricardo A. Olea, James A. Luppens and Susan J. Tewalt

Part XVIII New Developments in Oil and Gas Discovery Modeling

Reliability Analysis of Least Squares Estimation and Predictionof a Non-parametric Discovery Process Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Mi Shi-yun and Zhang Qian

Contents xxix

Application and Comparison of Discovery Modeland Others in Petroleum Resource Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595Guo Qiu-Lin, Yan Wei and Chen Zhuo-Heng

Handling Seismic Anomalies in Multiple Segment Prospectswith Graphical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601Gabriele Martinelli, Charles Stabell and Espen Langlie

The North American Shale Resource: Characterizationof Spatial and Temporal Variation in Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607Qudsia Ejaz and Francis O’Sullivan

A Pyramid Scheme: Integrating Petroleum Systems Analysisinto Probabilistic Petroleum Resource Assessments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613Kirk G. Osadetz and Zhuoheng Chen

Application of a Least Square Non-parametric DiscoveryProcess Model to Colorado Group Mixed Conventionaland Unconventional Oil Plays, Western CanadaSedimentary Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617Zhuoheng Chen, Kirk G. Osadetz and Gemai Chen

A Further Investigation of Local Nonparametric EstimationTechniques in Shale Gas Resource Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Emil D. Attanasi, Timothy C. Coburn and Philip A. Freeman

Part XIX Open Session on Mathematics of Oil Recovery (OSMOR)

Fractal Analysis of AVO Seismic Attributes for Oil/WaterContact Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625Sid-Ali Ouadfeul and Leila Aliouane

Upscaling on Anelastic Vertically Heterogeneous Reservoirs . . . . . . . . 629Alexey Stovas

Lithofacies Prediction from Well-Logs Data Using HybridNeural Network Model: A Case Study from Algerian Sahara . . . . . . . 633Sid-Ali Ouadfeul and Leila Aliouane

Stochastic Simulation of the Morphology of Fluvial SandChannel Reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639Alexandra Kuznetsova, José A. Almeida and Paulo Legoinha

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Sorting Reservoir Models According to Flow Criteria:A Methodology, Using Fast Marching Methodsand Multi-Dimensional Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643Gaétan Bardy and Pierre Biver

Integrate Facies Clustering Feature Informationin Reservoir Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647Yupeng Li and Lihui Geng

Permeability Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks.A Comparative Study Between Back Propagationand Levenberg–Marquardt Learning Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Leila Aliouane, Sid-Ali Ouadfeul, Noureddine Djarfourand Amar Boudella

A Method for Multi-Level Probabilistic History Matchingand Production Forecasting: Application in a MajorMiddle East Carbonate Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659Marko Maucec, Ajay Singh, Gustavo Carvajal, Seyed Mirzadeh,Steven Knabe, Richard Chambers, Genbao Shi, Ahmad Al-Jasmi,Harish Kumar Goel and Hossam El-Din

Causal Analysis and Data Mining of Well Stimulation DataUsing Classification and Regression Tree with Enhancements . . . . . . . 665Srimoyee Bhattacharya, Marko Maucec, Jeffrey Yarus,Dwight Fulton, Jon Orth and Ajay Singh

Seismic Data Interpretation Improvement by the MultiscaleAnalysis of Gravity Data Using the Wavelet Transform:Application to Algerian Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669Sid-Ali Ouadfeul and Leila Aliouane

Part XX Geostatistical Priors in Inversion of Geophysicaland Engineering Data

History Matching of Channelized Reservoir Using EnsembleSmoother with Clustered Covariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675Kyungbook Lee and Jonggeun Choe

Assessing the Probability of Training Image-Based GeologicalScenarios Using Geophysical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679Thomas Hermans, Jef Caers and Frédéric Nguyen

Contents xxxi

Reservoir Modeling Combining Geostatistics with MarkovChain Monte Carlo Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683Andrea Zunino, Katrine Lange, Yulia Melnikova,Thomas Mejer Hansen and Klaus Mosegaard

Geostatistical Inversion of 3D Post-stack Seismic and Well Datafor the Characterization of Acoustic Impedance in Oil Fields . . . . . . . 689Fernando Alves, José A. Almeida and António Ferreira

The Effect of the Noise and the Regularizationin Inverse Problems: Geophysical Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695José Luis GarcÍa Pallero, Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez,Zulima Fernández-Muñiz and Luis Mariano Pedruelo-González

A Generalized Local Gradual Deformation Methodfor History Matching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699Benjamin Marteau, Didier Yu Ding and Laurent Dumas

History Matching with Geostatistical Prior:A Smooth Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703Yulia Melnikova, Katrine Lange, Andrea Zunino, Knud Skou Corduaand Klaus Mosegaard

Part XXI Mineral and Energy Resources for Planet Earth:Evaluations, Extraction and Optimal Management

Factor Analysis for Metal Grade Exploration at PallancataVein in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709Jorge E. Gamarra-Urrunaga, Ricardo Castroviejo and Jesús Domínguez

Compositional Block Cokriging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713Raimon Tolosana-Delgado, Ute Mueller, K. Gerald van den Boogaartand Clint Ward

Milling Result Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717Stephen Matos Camacho, Thomas Leißner, Petya Atanasova,Andre Kamptner, Martin Rudolph, Urs Alaxander Peukerand K. Gerald van den Boogaart

A Geostatistical Study of Tertiary Coal Fields in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 723Fırat Atalay, A. Erhan Tercan, Bahtiyar Ünver,Mehmet Ali Hindistan and Günes Ertunç

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Placer Deposit: From Modeling to Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727Nikolay Laverov, Irina Chizhova and Elena Matveeva

Uncertainty Assessment of the Orebodies Geometryby Using Block Indicator Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731Julia Carvalho, Pedro Correia, Sofia Menezes, Cláudia Peixotoand Amilcar Soares

Part XXII Recent Advances in Quantitative Methods Appliedto Stratigraphy and Paleontology

‘‘Horse-Shoe’’ Cu-Au Porphyry Orebody Modeling Basedon Blasthole Data Using Unfolding Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735Mohamad Nur Heriawan, Loya Jirga and Anton Perdana

A New Mathematical Approach to Model Trophic Dynamics ofMammalian Palaeocommunities. The Case of Atapuerca-TD6 . . . . . . . 739Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez, Jesús A. Martín-González,Idoia Goikoetxea, Ana Mateos and Jesús Rodríguez

Multifractals and Capacity Dimension as Measuresof Disturbance Patch Dynamics in Daedalus Ichnofabrics . . . . . . . . . . 747Carlos Neto de Carvalho and Andrea Baucon

Part XXIII Geo-mathematical Models of Folds and Folding

Non-Linear Thermo-Mechanics of Folding in Geomaterials . . . . . . . . 753Martin K. Paesold, Ali Karrech, Tim Dodwell,Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, Andrew P. Bassom, Alison Ordand Bruce E. Hobbs

Analytical and Numerical Investigation of 3D MultilayerDetachment Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757Naiara Fernández and Boris Kaus

Mechanics of Fold Development in Pure- and Simple Shear . . . . . . . . 763Maria-Gema Llorens, Paul D. Bons, Albert Grieraand Enrique Gomez-Rivas

Stochastic Modelling of the 3D Geometry of a Faulted and FoldedDeep Carbonate Aquifer: Loma de Úbeda (Southern Spain) . . . . . . . . 767Javier Heredia, Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza and Antonio González-Ramón

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3D Geometry of an Active Shale-Cored Anticlinein the Western South Caspian Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771Idaira Santos-Betancor, Juan Ignacio Soto, Lidia Lonergan,Ismael Sánchez-Borrego and Carlos Macellari

Gravity-Instabilities Processes and Mass-Transport ComplexesDuring Folding: The Case of a Shale-Cored Anticlinein the Western South Caspian Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775Idaira Santos-Betancor, Juan Ignacio Soto, Lidia Lonerganand Carlos Macellari

Part XXIV Mathematical Geosciences and Planetary Geology

Domaining Bi-modal Data Sets GeostatisticallyUsing a Directional Neighborhood Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779Steffen Brammer

FRISER-IRMIX Database: A Web-based Support Systemwith Implications in Planetary Mineralogical Studies,Ground Temperature Measurements and Astrobiology . . . . . . . . . . . . 783Jesús Martínez-Frias, María Serrano Rubio, F. Javier Martín-Torres,María Paz Zorzano, José A. Rodríguez-Manfredi, Javier Gómez-Elviraand REMS Team

Spectral Analysis for Anomaly Detection in the Central VolcanicRange, Costa Rica. Implications for Planetary Geology . . . . . . . . . . . 787Juan Gregario Rejas, Ruben Martínez, Miguel Marchamalo, Javier Bonattiand Jesús Martínez-Frías

A Mathematical Algorithm to Simulate the Growthand Transformation of Framboidal Pyrite: Characterizationof the Biogenic Influence in Their Size Distributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793Raúl Merinero Palomares, Rosario Lunar Hernández,Francisco-Javier González-Sanz, Luis Somoza Losadaand Jesús Martínez-Frías

Computational Models and Simulations of Meteor Impactsas Tools for Analysing and Evaluating Managementof Crisis Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797Jesús Martínez-Frías and Alain Leppinette Malvite

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In-situ Raman Analysis of the Precipitation Sequenceof Sulphate Minerals Using Small Droplets: Applicationto Rio Tinto (Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801Fernando Rull, Francisco Sobrón, Julia Guerrero, Jesús Medina,Gloria Venegas, Fernando Gázquez and Jesús Martínez-Frías

Part XXV Mathematics of Planet Earth

Signal Analysis by Means of Multi-Scale Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Christian Blick

Modeling and Simulation of Forest Fire Spreading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811Sarah Eberle

The Finite Pointset Method (FPM) and an Applicationin Soil Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815Jörg Kuhnert and Isabel Ostermann

Geostatistical Estimation of the Crustal Thickness Inferredfrom the Geometry of Monogenetic Volcanoes(Central Mexico Case) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819Raúl Pérez-López, Carolina Guardiola-Albert and José Luis Macias

Mathematical Modelling of Geochemical ProcessesApplied to Cenozoic Iberian Volcanics: A Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823Raúl Benito and Jesús Martínez-Frías

Part XXVI Geoscience Data Models for Practical Interoperability

Management of Geological Field Data: The Open SolutionMO2GEO FieldModule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827Lars Schimpf and Wolfgang Gossel

Swiss Data Models for Geology: from 2D Data TowardsGeological 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831Cristina Salomè Michael, Nils Oesterling, Stefan Straskyand Roland Baumberger

Virtual Collaboration of Geoscientists of Russian Academyof Sciences in the Far East of Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835Vera V. Naumova, Mike I. Patuk and Valentin V. Nichepkov

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Geological 3D Modeling (Processes) and Future Needs for3D Data and Model Storage at Geological Survey of Finland . . . . . . . 839Eevaliisa Laine

Part XXVII Advances on Stochastic Non Linear Methodsand Inverse Problems for Dynamic Models

Estimation of Parameters in Random Dynamical Systems. . . . . . . . . . 843Silke Konsulke, K. Gerard van den Boogaart, Fellix Ballani,Markus Franke and Martin Sauke

Nonlinear Estimation with Gaussian Kriging and Riemann Sums . . . . 847K. Daniel Khan

Modeling Trace Element Concentration in Vertical RegolithProfile Over Mineral Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Qiuming Cheng

Unified Principles for Nonlinear Nonstationary Random Fieldsin Stochastic Geosciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857José A. Vargas-Guzmán

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