Lecture Notes Critical Thinking Part 1 of 3
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Transcript of Lecture Notes Critical Thinking Part 1 of 3
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We Produce the Future
Dr Matthew StaffordChief Academic Officer
Squadron Officer College
Critical Thinking… something to think about …
SECTION I
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2The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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3The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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4The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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5The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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6The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
7The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Carl von Clausewitz
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
8The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Lessons from Clausewitz
War TheoryWar is the realm of physical exertion
and suffering.
…in war, all action takes place so to speak in a kind of twilight which like fog
or moonlight, often tends to make things seem grotesque and larger than
they really are.
Leadership Insights…in war these truths are better served by a commander who has absorbed their meaning in his mind rather than one who treats them as rigid external
rules…
The commander must trust his judgment and stand like a rock on
which the waves break in vain
Political TheoryWar is not merely a political act, but
also a real political instrument, a continuation of political commerce, a
carrying out of the same by other means.
Critical AnalysisWe distinguish between the critical
approach and the plain narrative of a historical event, which merely
arranges facts one after another, and at most touches on their immediate
causal links
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9The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Overview
• Clausewitizian Critical Analysis
• Thinking about thinking – meta-cognition– Levels of thinking– Enhance efficiency and effectiveness– Seek opportunities to practice and improve
• Comparative techniques for critical thinking– Many different approaches– Ultimately a single process we can employ
• Putting thinking to practice
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
10The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts. This is historical research proper, and has nothing in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory; for whatever in theory is to be defined, supported, or simply described by reference to experience can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means employed. This last is criticism proper, involving praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
11The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts. This is historical research proper, and has nothing in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory; for whatever in theory is to be defined, supported, or simply described by reference to experience can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means employed. This last is criticism proper, involving praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
Discover and interpret facts
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
12The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts. This is historical research proper, and has nothing in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory; for whatever in theory is to be defined, supported, or simply described by reference to experience can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means employed. This last is criticism proper, involving praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
Discover and interpret facts
Trace effects back to causes
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
13The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Clausewitzian Critical Analysis
1. The discovery and interpretation of equivocal facts. This is historical research proper, and has nothing in common with theory.
2. The tracing of effects back to their causes. This is critical analysis proper. It is essential for theory; for whatever in theory is to be defined, supported, or simply described by reference to experience can only be dealt with in this manner.
3. The investigation and evaluation of means employed. This last is criticism proper, involving praise and censure. Here theory serves history, or rather the lessons to be drawn from history.
Discover and interpret facts
Trace effects back to causes
Investigate and evaluate – consider alternatives. Look for
better courses of action.
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
14The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
15The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
16The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
17The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
18The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
19The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
20The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
21The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
22The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
23The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
24The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
25The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
26The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
27The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
28The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
29The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
30The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
31The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
32The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
33The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
34The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace
Custer’s Defeat
• Was it …‒ Personalities?‒ Weaponry?‒ Sheer Numbers?
• Supports Clausewitz’s approach‒Exhaustive analysis‒Link causes and effects‒Consider alternatives
YES! ALL THIS AND MORE…
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We Produce the Future
PLEASE VIEW
Section II
NEXT
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Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow
36The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 36
The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force
We Produce the Future…
One Student at a Time
One Faculty Member at a Time
One Idea at a Time