Lecture Note WWE 2015 Wk 1
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Transcript of Lecture Note WWE 2015 Wk 1
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Special Topics on Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Jin woo ChoCell: 010-8978-8965
Office: 02-3408-3970 (Young-Sil 518)[email protected]
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Objectives
This class will incorporate fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment;
- Basics of Microbiology, Bacterial Energetics
- Microbial Kinetics
- Biological Reactors/Processes
ASM (Activated Sludge Modeling)
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Activated Sludge process for WWT
Wastewater treatment
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water reuse Water recycle
Frame is changing
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Syllabus
GradingMid term exam 20%
Final term exam 30%
HW 20%, Attendance 10%, final term presentation 20%
Course Text
- Bruce E. Rittman & Perry L. McCarty, 2001, Environmental
Biotechnology: Principles and Applications,
McGraw-Hill
- Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, Mogens
Henze et al., IWA publishing
Assignments
(1) Problem Exercise: homework problems will be delivered in every
two weeks. All
problems are selected from the exercise examples of main textbook in
consideration
of course progress.
(2) Journal paper review
(3) Modeling (MATLAB programming)
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Syllabus
Week Course Contents
1 Introduction
2 Biological wastewater treatment: Fundamentals
3 Stoichiometry and Bacterial energetics
4 Microbial Kinetics, Reactors
5 SMP and EPS
6 Biofilm Kinetics (1)
7 Biofilm Kinetics (2)
8 Mid-term exam.
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Syllabus
Week Course Contents
9 The activated Sludge process
10 Modeling (1): The activated Sludge process
11Modeling (2): The activated Sludge process(Matlab programming)
12Modeling (3): The activated Sludge process(Matlab programming)
13 Anaerobic Treatment and biogas production
14 Membrane Bioreactor
15 Term paper presentation (Journal review)
16 Final term exam.
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Week 1
Fundamentals
8
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Pre-treatment (Preliminary treatment)
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Secondary Treatment
Aeration Tank + Clarifier
Secondary treatment is a biological process Utilizes bacteria (Activated Sludge) to degrade organic
matter in the wastewater by microbial metabolism
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Activated sludge
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Activated Sludge process: Description
5CO2 + NH3 + 2H2O + Energy
CO2 + NH3 + C5H7NO2 + other end products (new cells)
COHNS + nutrients + O2
Microbial metabolism
(organics)
C5H7NO2 + 5O2Microbial metabolism
(dead cells;
food for living cells)
General Stoichiometry
Substrates or Food for microorganisms
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Activated Sludge process: Definition
The activated sludge process is a wastewater treatment method that treat a
municipal or industrial wastewater by use of biological floc composed of
numerous bacteria and protozoans which can transfer organic pollutants into
CO2 and H2O under aerobic condition.
Activated Sludge Floc
(discovered in 1913 in the UK by two Civil engineers, Edward Arden and W.T. Lockett)
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Activated Sludge consists of numerous microorganisms
Settled down gravitationally so that the cleaned water can be separated easily
Dirty organic things
Inorganic things+ H2O
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15
Stoichiometry and Bacterial energetics
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16s-rRNA analysis (DNA analysis)
16
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Oxidation-Reduction rxn
Oxidation-Reduction(Redox) Reaction Some of atoms or ions undergo a change of oxidation #
Cl2 + Mn2+ + 2H2O MnO2 + 2Cl
- + 4H+0 +2 +4-22+122 -22 -12 +14
Increase in #Loss of 2e-
Decrease in #Gain of 1e-
Electron donor: give its e- to others: make themselves oxidized, make others reduced = reductant
Electron acceptor: take e- from others: make themselves reduced, make others oxidized=oxidant
Substrates + O2 CO2+H2Ocataboilism
e-
See table 2.2 and 2.3 at page 135-146
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Gibbs Free Energy, Gorxn
aA + bB cC + dD
(Kc)eq = {[C]c[D]d} / {[A]a[B]b} : concentration equilibrium constant
[X] = concentration of something in the equilibrium state
Small Keq = small fraction of reactant material was converted to product
Large Keq = large fraction of reactant material was converted to product
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R=gas constant (1.987 cal/mol-oK)T=temp., K
In equilibrium state, there is no conversion of reactants to
products.
Gorxn = -RTLn[(Ka)eq] (E required for working in a rxn)
o : Standard state = 1 atm, 298 K (25oC)1 J = 0.24 cal
G < 0 :exergonic: reaction occur spontaneouslyG > 0 :endergonic: reaction occur not spontaneouslyG = 0 :in equilibrium
Gibbs Free Energy, Gorxn
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ATP
ADP
AdenosinePhosphate
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Electron and Energy Carriers
Energy Generation(e- carriers)
ATPE charged(E carriers)
ADPE uncharged
(E carriers)
Cell synthesis(Anabolism)
Cell maintenance(Catabolism)
E consumed
E consumed
Electron donor=substrates)
Electron acceptor
e-
Metabolism
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Substrate partitioning and cell yield
Electrondonor
End Products(CO2, H2O, NH3)
e-
fe0
fs0
fs0 + fe
0 = 1
e-Active bacterial
cells
Energy production
Cell synthesis
Cell Residuals
Growth
Decay
Another Substrates:Energy production& call synthesis
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Biomass energetics
Energy production: Oxidation-Reduction rxn
E donor + E acceptor Product
OrganicsAmmoniaSulfur
OxygenCO2NOxSOxOther organics
Cell
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O -2,880
kJ/mole glucose
5C6H12O6 + 24NO3- + 24H+
30CO2 + 42H2O + 12N2 -2,720
2C6H12O6 + 6SO42- + 9H+
12CO2 + 12H2O + 3H2S + 3HS- -492
C6H12O6 3CO2 + 3CH4 -428
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH -224
Biomass energetics
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5C6H12O6 + 24NO3- + 24H+
30CO2 + 42H2O + 12N2 -2,720
To develop total net reaction of oxidation-reduction, half-reaction for electron donor and acceptor should be considered
Oxidation rxn of Glucose + Reduction rxn of NO3- = total net rxn
Biomass energetics
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Overall reactions for biological growth
R : Overall rxnRe : Rxn for energy production (catabolism)Rs : Rxn for cell synthesis (anabolism)Ra : Half-Rxn of electron acceptor (Reduced)Rd : Half-Rxn of electron donor (Oxidized)Rc : Half-Rxn of cell synthesis (varies with nitrogen source)fe : portion of e- used for E-productionfs : portion of e- used for cell synthesis
R=feRe+fsRs Re=Ra+(-Rd)
Rs=Rc+(-Rd)
Formula of synthesizedCell: C5H7O2N
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R=feRa + fsRc - Rd Re=Ra+(-Rd)
Rs=Rc+(-Rd)
R=feRe+fsRs
Overall reactions for biological growth