Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 [email protected].
-
Upload
elwin-simon -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 [email protected].
![Page 2: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Wireless Networks
• Provide fixed network access to a large number of stationary or mobile users.
• Examples:– Radio and television broadcasting systems– Mobile telephone systems (PSTN access)– Mobile broadband systems (Internet access)
![Page 3: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Taxonomy of Wireless Networks
Wireless Networks
Fixed NetworksMobile Access
NetworksAd Hoc Networks
Cellular NetworksRandom Acess
NetworksMultihop Wireless
InternetsSensor Networks
[Kumar et al., 2004]
![Page 4: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Duplex Communication
• Downlink: Communication from the BS to the MT.
• Upplink: Communication from the MT to the BS.
• Multiplexed by – Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)– Time Division Duplex (TDD)
![Page 5: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cellular System Overview
[Stallings, 2005]
![Page 6: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Radio Access Ports (RAP)
• Provides Wireless Connections to Mobile Terminal (MT)
• Service area
• Coverage area
• Area availability
• Population availability
![Page 7: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Capacity
• System capacity– Maximum number of users that can be served– Given a certain quality level
• Blocking probability
![Page 8: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Range/Interference
• Few RAP, Low user densities =>Range limited systems
• Many RAP and user terminals =>Interference limited systems
![Page 9: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Reuse distance
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
D
R R
tt
dBW
![Page 10: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Capacity
• Reuse distance
• Capacity only dependent on the ration between resuse distance and cell radius
• The system is scalable
![Page 11: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell GeometryTesselation
[Stallings, 2005]
![Page 12: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Frequency Reuse
![Page 13: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fixed Channel Allocation
K
C
KR
D3
,...3,2,1,0,22 jijijiK
}21,19,16,13,12,9,7,4,3,1{K
Capacity (channels/cell)
Normalized resuse distance
Cluster size
cA A
Area Capacity (channels/a.u.)
![Page 14: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Worst Case Downlink Scenario
[Ahlin et al., 2006]
![Page 15: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Worst Case Uplink Scenario
[Ahlin et al., 2006]
![Page 16: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Capacity increase
• Adding new channels– Increase C
• New modulation and coding schemes– Decrease t
• Smaller Cells– Decrease Ac
– Cell splitting
• Divide cells into sectors– Use directional antennas
![Page 17: Lecture 9: Wireless Networks Anders Västberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e415503460f94b333d5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Directional Antennas
2/1
2/2
)(
hh
hh
A
S
Ideal sector antenna
If main lobe is
Nh
2 the Interference power is reduced by a factor of N