Lecture 9March 23, 2014

Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

Adhan and Iqama

Introduction to Adhan• The word “adhan” means to announce or inform• The adhan announces the entrance of a prayer time

• Background of the adhan

Adhan and Iqama• The adhan and iqama are emphasized sunnahs, for men, for the

five daily prayers and the Friday prayer• Whether praying alone or together, while traveling or resident,

whether current or make-up prayers• Makruh tahrim for women to recite the adhan or iqama• No adhan or iqama for Eid or janazah prayers• Both adhan for Jumu’ah are sunnah

• Adhan must be in Arabic• Adhan should be given in an elevated place• Outside the masjid

• Iqama inside, as well as 2nd adhan for Jumu’ah

Adhan

Responding to Adhan• Mustahabb (or wajib) to respond to the adhan• For both men and women, whether pure or impure• Physically – paying attention and then preparing for prayer• Verbally - repeat each set of phrases, except:

• “Hayya…” with بالله إال قوة وال حول ال• “As-salatu….” for Fajr with بررت و صدقت

• Not necessary to respond verbally if:• Praying, giving or listening to talk/khutbah, teaching, studying,

eating, while relieving oneself

Dua After Adhan• After the adhan, sunnah to send blessings on the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص then

recite this du’a:

“Oh Allah, Lord of this perfect call and established prayer, grant Muhammad the Station of Wasilah and the Greatest Rank, and raise him to the rank You have promised him; verily You do not break your promises.”

• Then to make du’a for whatever one desires• “The du’a made between the adhan and iqama is not rejected.” (Abu Dawud,

Tirmidhi)

Iqama

Responding to Iqama• Mustahabb to respond to Iqama• Verbally – repeat each set of phrases, except:

• “Hayya…” with بالله إال قوة وال حول ال• “Qad qama…” with ا ه� د�ام�

أ� و� الله� ام�ها ق� أ�

• Physically – stand and set the rows • Best to stand right away

• Should begin prayer at completion of iqama• One who calls adhan has right to call iqama

Mustahabb for Mu’adhin• Recommended for Mu’adhin (caller) to:• Be righteous and knowledgeable• Possess a loud, beautiful voice• Be in state of wudu• Face the Qiblah• Place index fingers in ears

• Or cover the ears• Turn face to right when reciting “hayya ala ‘s-salah”

• Turn face to left when reciting “hayya ala ‘l-falah”• Sit between adhan and iqama

• Except for maghrib

Makruh Acts in Adhan• Over-melodize the adhan• Reciting words contrary to vowels, adding/removing pauses• Modulating one’s voice unnecessarily

• Call adhan or iqama in state of major ritual impurity• Call iqama in state of minor ritual impurity

• By child before reaching age of discernment • By open sinner• By woman or sitting person• On Friday for Dhuhr in a city• Speaking during adhan or iqama• If a man hears adhan in masjid, makruh tahrim to leave before prayer• Except with valid excuse

When Praying Alone• If one is not near a masjid where the adhan has been given• Makruh to leave both adhan and iqama

• Should at least give the iqama

• If near a masjid• Mustahabb to give both adhan and iqama

• Should at least give the iqama

• Adhan and iqama should be called for make-up prayers• Single adhan will suffice for multiple prayers at once• Iqama should be recited before each prayer

Questions?