Lecture 7: Remote Communications
-
Upload
igor-higgins -
Category
Documents
-
view
26 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Lecture 7: Remote Communications
1
Lecture 7:Lecture 7:Remote CommunicationsRemote Communications
Professor Victoria Meng
What is theWhat is thenature of media interactivity?nature of media interactivity?
2
Disclaimer: Interactivity is Disclaimer: Interactivity is HUGE and always changing!HUGE and always changing!
3
Learning TasksLearning Tasks• Alan Turing, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.”
• David Rokeby, “Transforming Mirrors: Subjectivity and Control in Interactive Media.”
• Ken Hillis, “A Critical History of Virtual Reality.”
• Tron, Animotion, Neave Games
4
• “Low-level:” performs specific tasks.
• “High-level:” aka “artificial intelligence.”
• “Media access:” search and retrieval from databases.
Lev Manovich: AutomationLev Manovich: Automation
5
•British mathematician, cryptographer (1912-1954)
•Pioneered computer science with the “Turing machine”
• Tragic death
Alan TuringAlan Turing
6
Alan TuringAlan Turing
Diagram of a Turing Machine, which can be adapted into a “Universal Machine.”
7
Post-War ContextPost-War Context
Atomic bomb Enigma Machine
8
Can Machines Think?Can Machines Think?
Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s Monster
9
How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• How do we ascertain that people think?
- We “just know.”- Brain imaging technology.- IQ tests and other tests that evaluate performance.• How can we find the right test(s) to measure “machine thought?”
10
How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• Some “skill” operations are not comparable (computer: PWN!).
Left:Gary Kasparov
Right:Deep Blue
Match date:May 11, 1997
11
How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• We equate “thinking” with “consciousness” – processes and sensations that are not yet quantifiable.
12
How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• We equate “thinking” with “consciousness” – processes and sensations that are not yet quantifiable.
• The stakes are high: thinking makes us “special.”
13
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
“The Thinker,” Auguste Rodin, 1902
14
A provocative and influential way to “measure” artificial intelligence.
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
15
The Turing TestThe Turing Test1. Makes users bear the “burden of
proof” – it’s true if you believe it.
2. Sets human-computer transcoding as the programming problem.
16
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
Tangent:What are the
strengths and limitations of tests, papers, and other
assessment tools? How well do they predict behavior?
17
The Turing TestThe Turing Test1. Makes users bear the “burden of
proof” – it’s true if you believe it.
2. Sets human-computer transcoding as the programming problem.
3. Posits that “humanity” is a performance and can be “decoded.”
18
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
Memory v. Memory?
19
“Hello, Hal: will we ever get a computerwe can really talk to?”
John Seabrook, The New Yorker, June 23 2008
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
20
“Hello, Hal: will we ever get a computerwe can really talk to?”
John Seabrook, The New Yorker, June 23 2008
Media InteractivityMedia Interactivity
21
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
1.Makes users bear the “burden of proof” – it’s true if you believe it.
2.Sets human-computer transcoding as the programming problem.
3.Posits that “humanity” is a performance.
4.Underestimates complexities of human cognition.
22
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Lecture Title:Remote Communications: What is the nature of media interactivity?
23
What do authors like Hillis and Rokeby assert about digital media? Do they agree?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
24
What is interactivity?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
25
What is interactivity?- mutual v. uni-directional effects?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
26
What is interactivity?- mutual v. uni-directional effects?- communication v. command and/or control?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
27
What is interactivity?- mutual v. uni-directional effects?- communication v. command and/or control?- What/Who is interacting with what/whom? How does this change the way we think about interactivity?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
28
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
29
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me
Alexey Pajitnov
30
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me
Alexey Pajitnov
PaulNeave
31
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me
Alexey Pajitnov
PaulNeaveTetris
32
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me, again!
Alexey Pajitnov
PaulNeaveTetris
33
David Rokeby:David Rokeby:““Transforming Mirrors”Transforming Mirrors”
Left: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (Laurence Sterne, 1759-69)Right: “The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even” (Marcel Duchamp, 1915-23)
34
David Rokeby:David Rokeby:““Transforming Mirrors”Transforming Mirrors”
“A technology is interactive to the degree that it reflects the consequences of our actions or decisions back to us.” (133)
35
David Rokeby:David Rokeby:““Transforming Mirrors”Transforming Mirrors”
• Read last paragraphs of 154, 155.
• Navigable structure/space.
• Medium specificity.
•Transforming mirror.
•Automaton.
36
Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
• Historical account – antidote for technological determinism.
Link Trainer(hydraulic flight simulator, 1930s-50s)
37
Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
• Role of stories in history: why science fiction is important.
Tron(Lisberger,1982)
38
Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
Tron (Lisberger, 1982)
39
Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
• Minds, bodies, transcendence and connection…
Animotion,Manuel Fallmann, 2004.
Tip: Don’t change the library before you’re done – you’ll lose all your work.
40
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
End of Lecture 7End of Lecture 7
Next Lecture: Everything is Exchangeable: How do the whole and its parts relate in digital media?
41