CHARACTERISTICS,& BEHAVIOR 0FAN INDIVIDUAL PERSON

CHARACTERISTICS OFA SOCIAL CONTEX (FAMILY,CLUB, SCHOOL, STATE,NATION). INCLUDESCULTURAL NORMSAND BELIEFS

CAUSE (“INDEPENDENT VARIABLE”

EFFECT ( “DEPENDENT VARIABLE”)

CHARACTERISTICS,& BEHAVIOR 0FAN INDIVIDUAL PERSON

CHARACTERISTICS OFA SOCIAL UNIT (FAMILY,CLUB, SCHOOL, STATE,NATION) . INCLUDESCULTURAL NORMSAND BELIEFS

PSYCHOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Who belongs in the family?

What does the “family” do?

What is a “traditional family”?

Where and when does/did a “traditional family” exist?

Origin of the term “family”Greeks

Oikos is translated as “family”, but it meant property or domicile; oikos is, in fact, the greek root for the words economy or economic.

Romans Familia meant household property – the fields, house,

money, and slaves; famulus means “servant

Arabia

Nikah was the word for marriage, which literally meant sexual intercourse. In the Koran it was also used to mean a contract. Marriage thus was conceived of as a contract for sexual intercourse.

Family

Family is a group of persons directly linked by kin connections, the adult members of which assume responsibility for caring for children.

KinshipKinship ties are connections between individuals established either through marriage or through the lines of descent that connect blood relatives.

For example: mother, father, offspring, grandparents etc

Types of Family1-Nuclear Family Two adults living together in a house hold

with their own or adopted children.

2-Extended Family When close relatives other than a

married couple and children live either in the same house hold or in a close and continuous relationship with others.

Marriage

Marriage can be identified as a socially acknowledge and approved sexual union between two adults individuals.

When two people marry, they become kin to one other. The marriage bond also connects together a wider range of kin people.

Parents, brothers, sisters and other blood relatives become relatives through marriage.

Types of Marriage1-Monogamy This type of marriage spread all over

the world. Is illegal for a man or a woman to be

married to more then one spouse.

2-Polygamy Allows a husband or wife to have more than

one spouse a-Polygyny ( a husband and more wives) b-Polyandri ( a wife and more husbands)

Theoretical Perspective on the Family1-Functionalism The functional perspective sees society as a set of social institutions that perform specific functions to ensure continuity and consensus.

According to this perspective, the family performs important tasks which contribute to society basic needs and helps to perpetuate social order.

According to functionalism family has two functions:

1-Primary Socialization Children learn the cultural norms of the

society into which they are born. Family is the most important area for the

development of human personality.

2-Personal Stabilization Refers to the role that the family plays in

assisting adult family members emotionally. Marriage between adult men and women is

the arrangement through which adult personalities are supported and kept healthy.

Antagonism between men and women are on the rise.

Beck and Beck-Gernsheim claim that ‘the battle between sexes is the central drama of our time’.

As evidence in the growth of marriage counseling industry, family courts, martial self groups and divorce rates.

Divorce is increasingly common, but rates of remarriage are high to.

They claim that today’s battle of sexes is the clearest possible indication of people’s ‘hunger for love’

People marry for sake of love and divorce for sake of love.

According to Beck and Beck-Gernsheim love is the only place where people can truly find themselves and connect with others.

2-FEMINIST APPROACHFeminism succeeded in directing attention

inside families to examine the experiences of women in domestic sphere.

A- childcareB- houseworkForms ‘Symmetrical Family’= distribution of

roles and responsibilities

Remarriage A couple who remarry in their late twenties,

their thirties or early forties the first marriage to live with them.

Those who remarry at later ages might have adults children who never live in the new homes that parents establish.

Remarriage therefore have to be made with considerable caution, although some general points are worth making.

Remarriage constructed a new type of family that is called Reconstituted Family.

This refers to a family in which at least one of the adults has children from a previous marriage or relationship.

ALTERNATIVES TO MARRIAGE1-Cohabitation Is an experimental stage before marriage. Where a couple live together in a sexual

relationship without being married-has become increasingly widespread in most Western societies.

From analyzing of researches we have seen that unmarried couple that live together are three or four times more likely to split up than those who are married.

2-Gay and Lesbian Partnership The term ‘Families of choice’ has

sometimes been applied to gay partnership to reflect the positive and creative forms of everyday life that homosexual couples are increasingly able to pursue together.

a-There is more opportunity for equality between patterns because they are not guided by the cultural and social assumptions which under pin heterosexual relationships.

b-Homosexual patterns negotiate the parameters and inner working of their relationships.

c-Gay and lesbian partnerships demonstrate a particular form of commitment which lack an institutional backing.

Violence within a Family1-Domestic violence2-Encest