Lecture 6 AIM

CT002-3-2 AI Methods

Simulation And Modeling

CE00371-1: Introduction to Software Development Problem Solving using programmed solutionsCT002-3.5-2 AI-Methods

Learning Outcomes

• At the end of the session, you should be able to:– Define a model.– Define simulation.– Applications of modeling and simulation.– Define a real system– Representation of models for real systems


Simulations

• Used to model real-life situations– Training

• Flight simulators

– Practise• Emergency procedures

– Testing• Car crash simulators


What is Simulation?

• A simulation of a system is the operation of a model, which is a representation of that system.

• The model is amenable to manipulation

• The operation of the model can be studied, and, from this, properties concerning the behavior of the actual system can be inferred.


Simulation

• Simulation is the process of using a model to study the behaviour and performance of an actual or theoritical system.

• In simulation, models can be used to study existing or proposed characteristics of a system.

• The purpose of simulation is to study properties of a model of a real life system that would otherwise be too complex, too large/small, too fast/ slow, not accessable, too dangerous/ not.


The Simulation

• In user experience design, there are a variety of deliverables that a typical designer generates. They can include personas, process flows, site maps, concept maps, heuristic evaluations, user scenarios, content inventories, and etc.

• The reasons are :1. They are easy for clients to understand.2. They realistically communicate vision and expectations.3. They directly relate to actual design.4. They are the most actionable.5. They create the most change & impact.6. They allow for easy discussion & collaboration7. They track the progress being made.


Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• Using specialised software and hardware to design anything from kitchens to cars.

• Hardware used:– Graphics Tablet – Computer Software– High Resolution

Monitor– Plotter


Plotter : device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer, it differ from printer that they draw lines using pen. Printers can only simulate line by printing closely spaced series of dots.


Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM)

• Computer uses the information given to create the item

• Always perfect


Applications:

• Designing and analyzing manufacturing systems• Evaluating H/W and S/W requirements for a

computer system• Evaluating a new military weapons system or

tactics• Determining ordering policies for an inventory

system• Designing communications systems and

message protocols for them


Applications:(continued)

• Designing and operating transportation facilities such as freeways, airports, subways, or ports

• Evaluating designs for service organizations such as hospitals, post offices, or fast-food restaurants

• Analyzing financial or economic systems


What Is A Model ?

Model is a product (physical or digital) that represents a system of interest. It is similar to but simpler than system. It represents most of the same features of the real system as close as possible. The key feature of a model is ‘manipulability’.

(Beat Schwendimann)

A representation of an object, a system, or an idea in some form other than that of the entity itself.

(Shannon)


Types of Models:

Physical(Scale models, prototype plants,…)

Mathematical(Analytical queueing models, linear programs, simulation)


Real System

• Experimentation on “the real system” can be done in concept, but often cannot be done in practice.

• Experimenting on the real system requires of course that the system exists, and it might not (the goal might in fact be to design a system)


Real System (cont’)

• If the system does exists, it might not be feasible to experiment with it, for reasons such as these:– Economic reasons

– Political reasons

– Real-system experiments might take too long


Alternative SolutionApproaches

• Solve the problem mathematically• Perform experiments with real system• Perform experiments with a model (representation)

of the real system


Model of theReal System

• Simulation is a numerical technique for conducting experiments with a model that describes or mimics the behavior of a system

• A model is a representation of a system that behaves like the system itself behaves


Model of theReal System (cont’)

• In general, models sometimes are physical, e.g.,– blueprints of a house– a three dimensional model of a shopping mall– a mock-up of the control panels in a jetliner

• Models sometimes are logical abstractions based on the rules that govern the operation of a system for example a computer program that plays the ‘opportunity game’ by determining spinner results at random and combining the results to determine the payoff return.


Give ONE (1) example software can be used in the following industries and identify either it is requires any simulation :-

:: Quick Exercise ::

Advertising Book publication Sport Cottage industry Music Trading company House Construction Aircraft manufacture Affiliate Biz Forex Hotels chain


Compare??

Blue Print-Its detail plan to

comm. -The order, structure,

layout, navigation & organization of content.

- Not visual aspects.- Done before mock

up and more content than form

Mock up- To comm the visual

aspects e.g imagery, color & typography, when it completes, it will look like pixel – pixel before brought to life writing programming order.

- Represent structure of info, visualizes the content & demo basic functionality

Prototype- Interface sketching templete. -Normally calls as test drive, pilot test. - Experience the content like actual state and having interaction. -This stage is a testing phase.


Interface form, libraries (framework)

Interface styles, form + content = Design

Present effect

Actual interfaceForm + Design + Test

Simulation process


Q & A


Next Topic

SWARM I

• SWARM Intelligence• ACO – Ant Colony Optimization• ABC – Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm• AIS – Artificial Immune System• PSO – Partical Swarm Optimization

Lecture 6 AIM

Documents

Transcript of Lecture 6 AIM