Lecture 4 RMT

8/2/2019 Lecture 4 RMT

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BBA 04

Bahria University


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Harvard Referencing Generic and standardized way of acknowledging

the information and ideas of cited authors

Most commonly used style in management journals

Author - Date style of referencing

Two divisions: In-text referencing

End-referencing /List of references


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In Text Referencing Where the authors name is used as part of a sentence, only

enter the date in brackets Cooper and Schindler (2001) argued that ..

If not referred to directly, you need to put both surnameand date in brackets in ascendin order It has been argued that (Goodstein, 1994a, 1994b, 2003; Ingram

and Simons, 1995).

If there are more than two authors, enter the name of thefirst author and et al. There is general consensus in the literature that.. (Goodstein,

1994; Ingram and Simons, 1995; Wood et al., 2003).


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In Text Referencing Where different type of sources are used

......indicated by the literature in this area (Goodstein,

2003; Ingram and Simons, 1995; Wood et al., 2003;Wikipedia, 2007; MoD, 2007).

When indicating a page number, you can do it like this

, , .

(Meyer and Rowan, 1977: 342) or

(Meyer and Rowan, 1977, p. 342)

When using a secondary source

... (Farrow, 1968, as cited in Ward & Decan, 1988) or Farrow (1968, as cited in Ward & Decan, 1988) ...or

Ward and Decan (1988) cited Farrow (1968) as finding...


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Important! All the commas, semicolons, colons, full stops and

brackets cannot be altered.

Where the name of an author is a natural part ofthe sentence, it is not written in the brackets.

. .can be used


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End Referencing List of references at the end of the document should be

arranged alphabetically by the surname of authors Book:

When the whole book is written by the named author(s).

, . . , . . ,

(7th edition), Singapore, McGraw-Hill.

When you are naming the editor of the book

Baum, J. A. C. (ed.) (2002), Companion to Organisations, Oxford,Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

When each chapter is written by different authors

Amburgey, T. L. and Singh, J. V. (2002), Organisational Evolution inBaum, J.A.C. (ed), Companion to Organisations, Oxford, BlackwellPublishers Ltd.


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End Referencing Report

A stand alone report Chaplin, J., Mangla, J., Purdon, S. and Airey, C. (2005),

The Workplace Employee Relations Survey 2004, ,

Research.

Part of a series

Hogarth, T., Hasluck et al.(2001), Employee friendly

flexible working 2000: Baseline study of employeefriendly flexible working practices in Great Britain, DfEEResearch Report No. 249, Nottingham, DfEE

Publications.


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End Referencing Journal Article

Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. (1977), Institutionalisedorganisations: formal structure as myth and ceremony,

American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 340-63.

Elliott, M. (2007, January 22), The Chinese Century, Time,Vol. 169, No. 2, pp. 15-23

Newspaper Article

Roberts, D. (1998), BAe sells property wing for $301m,The Daily Telegraph, London, 10 October, pp. 31.

Guardian (1992), Fraud trial at Britannia Theme Park,

The Guardian, Manchester, 5 February, pp. 4.


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End Referencing Net Download

Wikipedia (2007), Harvard Referencing, [online] Availablefrom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_referencing,[Accessed 6thApril 2007]

Telenor (2007), About Telenor, [online] Available fromhttp://www.telenor.com/about/, [Accessed 6thApril 2007]


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End Referencing Working Paper

Dex, S. and Smith, C. (2001), Which British employershave family-friendly policies? Analysis of the 1998Workplace Employee Relations Survey, Research papers

in management studies, WP 17/2001, Cambridge, TheJudge Institute of Management Studies.

Thesis

David, S. (2003), The role of power in employmentrelations, Unpublished PhD thesis, Cass Business School,London.


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Purpose of Proposal

To present the problem to be researched and itsimportance

o scuss t e researc e orts o ot ers w o aveworked on related problems

To suggest the data necessary for solving the problemand how the data will be gathered, treated andinterpreted


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Purpose of Proposal (cont.)

A proposal is also known of a work plan that tells: What will be done

Whyit will be done

ow t w e one Where it will be done

To whom it will be done

What is the benefit of doing it


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Proposal Development


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Proposal Complexity


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Types of Research ProposalsResearch proposals can be divided between those generatedfor internal and those for external audiences. An internal proposal is done by staff specialists or by the

research department within the firm.

External proposals may sponsored by university grantcommittees, government agencies, governmentcontractors, not-for-profit organizations, or corporations.

Generally, the larger the project, the more complex the

proposal. These can be further classified: Solicited proposals

Unsolicited proposals


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Types of Research Proposals (cont.)

Solicited proposals is often in response to an RFP, islikely competing against several others for a contractor grant

Unsolicited proposals represents a suggestion by acontract researcher for research that might be done


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Types of Research Proposals (cont.)

There are three levels of complexity:exploratory studies, small-scale studies, and large-scalestudies.

research proposal.

The large-scale professional study is the mostcomplex and could be worth up to several million

dollars.


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Modules to include in a proposal


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Structure of A Research Proposal Executive summary

Problem statement

Research objectives

Budget

Schedule

Facilities

Literature review Benefits of study

Research design

Data analysis Nature/ Form

Research qualifications

Project management Bibliography

Appendices


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Structure of A Research Proposal Executive summary

Thrust of a proposal

Problem statement, ,

management questions Research objectives

General to specific

Specific, concrete and achievable Literature review

Historically significant research studies, company dataor industry reports


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Structure of A Research Proposal Benefits of the study

Importance of doing the study now should beemphasized

Technical details: sample selection, sample size, datacollection method, instrumentation, procedures andethical requirements

Data analysis Nature/ Form of results

Contractual statement, statistical conclusions, appliedfindings, recommendations, action plans, models,

strategic plans -----------


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Structure of A Research Proposal Qualifications of researchers

Professional research competence, relevant managementexperience

Budget

Schedule Critical path method, Gantt Charts

Facilities and special resources Project management Bibliography Appendices

Glossary, measurement instrument and others


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Budget


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Schedule


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Schedule


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Evaluating the Research Proposal Development of review criteria

Assignment of points

Assignment of weights

Generation of a proposal score Consideration of other factors

Lecture 4 RMT

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