Lecture 3c- 27 Sept. 2010

CARBOHYDRATES III

Overview of lecture 3c

CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF FOODS IMPACT OF DIET ON HEALTH AND DISEASE

FUNCTIONAL FOODS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

NUTRACEUTICALS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

NEXT LECTURE-FIBRE -CARBOHYDRATES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

-WHATS NEW IN CARBOHYDRATERESEARCH

INTRODUCTION

•DIFFERENT “REGULAR” FOODS HAVE DIFFERING LEVELS OF A VARIETY OF CARBOHYDRATES-CAN AFFECT BODILY FUNCTION

• FUNCTIONAL FOODS CAN MANAGE CARBOHYDRATES IN THE BODY AND CAN AFFECT BODILY FUNCTION

• NUTRACEUTICALS CAN MANAGE CARBOHYDRATES AND AFFECT BODILY FUNCTION

FOODS

GLYCEMIC INDEX

GRAINS (INCLUDES BREADS AND PASTAS)

BREADS -WHEAT HIGHER THAN RYE

PASTAS - LOWER THAN BREADS

RICE AND PASTA ABOUT THE SAME AS EACH OTHER

FOODS CONTINUED GLYCEMIC INDEX CONTINUED VEGETABLES AND FRUITS ON AVERAGE

GLYCEMIC INDEX

POTATO > YAM

LEGUMES > ROOT VEGGIES

FRUITS ~ LEGUMES

FOODS CONTINUED

GLYCEMIC INDEX CONTINUED

MILK PRODUCTS ~ FRUITS ON AVERAGE

WHY? LACTOSE=FRUCTOSEIN GLYCEMIC INDEX

FOODS CONTINUED GLYCEMIC INDEX CONTINUED

MEATS - VERY LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX

- BUT DO NOT GORGE

FUNCTIONAL FOODS

FOODS OR DESIGNER FOODS WHICH WHENEATEN BY HUMANS (YES ANIMALS TOO) CAN PROVIDE A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OR BENEFIT BEYOND THAT CONFERRED BY THE NUTRIENTSTHE FOOD CONTAINS

FUNCTIONAL FOOD EXAMPLES

FISHFLAXCANOLACHICORY SEED-CONTAINS AN

OLIGOSACCHARIDE

FISH INCREASE

INSULINSENSITIVITY?3 fatty acids

CANOLA

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS

MAY INCREASE INSULIN SENSITIVITY

FLAX

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDSMAY INCREASE INSULINSENSITIVITY

CHICORY SEED

EXAMPLE OF A RESISTANT CARBOHYDRATE

AFFECT COLONIC pH AND STOOL BULKING

NUTRACEUTICALS

MOLECULE OR MOLECULESISOLATED USUALLY FROM A PLANTBUT CAN BE FROM AN ANIMAL

CAN BE USED IN ANIMALS TOO

NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED

MOLECULE OR MOLECULESTHAT HAVE PHARMACOLOGICAL VALUE AND ARE MADE FIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

…

NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED

… AND GIVEN TO HUMANS IN THE FORMOF A GELATIN CAPSULE OR TABLET

NUTRACEUTICAL EXAMPLES

FISH OIL, FLAX LIGNAN COMPLEX, FLAX OILCANOLA OILEVENING PRIMROSE OILHEMP OILCHONDROITIN SULPHATEGLUCOSAMINE

FISH OIL

OMEGA 3 FATTYACIDS - INSULINSENSITIVITY INCREASE?

FLAX LIGNAN COMPLEXSDG MOLECULE METABOLITES

- DECREASE BLOOD PLASMA GLUCOSE

CONCENTRATIONS PERHAPS VIA INSULIN

SENSITIVITY INCREASE?

FLAX OIL

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDSINSULIN SENSITIVITY?

CANOLA

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDSINSULIN SENSITIVITY?

EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

OMEGA 6 FATTY ACIDS

REDUCE GLUCOSE IMPACT ON NERVES IN DIABETES

NERVE TRANSMISSION SPEED

HEMP OILMIX OF OMEGA 3 AND OMEGA 6 FATTY ACIDS

SPECULATION:EFFECTS AS ABOVE WITH OMEGA 3 AND OMEGA 6 FATTY ACIDS

CHONDROITIN SULPHATE

POLYSACCHARIDE--FOUND IN JOINTS-CARTILAGE-REDUCED IN ARTHRITIS

GLUCOSAMINE-POLYSACCHARIDELINKED TO NITROGENGROUP

-FOUND IN CARTILAGE IN JOINTS

-REDUCED IN ARTHRITIS