Lecture 38 -Ethical Cycle Summary

8/15/2019 Lecture 38 -Ethical Cycle Summary

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Course Sections:• Responsibility of Engineers (hapters ! "

# $he Distribution of Responsibility in Engineering (hapter %"

• &ormative Ethics (hapter ' "

# &ormative Argumentation (hapters "

•Codes o! Conducts "Chapter 2#

• $he Ethical ycle (hapter )"

• Ethics and the Design of $echnology (hapters *"

# Ethical Aspects of $echnical Ris+s (hapters ,"

• -ustainability. Ethics. and $echnology(hapter !/"


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The Ethical Cycle

(Chapter 5 )


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$ro%&em Statement

Case Description

$ro%&em Ana&ysis

'ptions o! actions

Ethica& E(a&uation

)e!&ection

ora& Accepta%&e Action

APS


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!0 ase description

• 1ive a brief description of the case at hand2

– Bac+ground of a problem

– &ature of the problem

– $he problem itself

– Interacting 3involved Actors ( primary . secondary and even off-stage)

– Assumption and constraints

– Facts and legal points raised

– 4hat has occurred0

– 5hat are the damages


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60 7roblem statement

A good moral 8uestion3problem statement must meet three

conditions2

!0 4hat the problem is9

60 5ho has to act9'0 5hat is moral nature of the problem9 Moral dilemmas

$hen state your moral statement0


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'0 7roblem analysis• ontain sub:steps to get a good overvie4 of the case and the moral

problem at hand0

!st list the all the relevant sta+eholders and interest.

6nd

select all the relevant moral values # mar+ the values that mightconflict0

'rd select all relevant facts0(Certain) ;

Un+no4n or Disputed Facts (Uncertain);

May make assumption / available constraints.

th responsibility2 ( involved; adopt. central figure"

Do I need to re!ormu&ate my mora& statement*


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• 1st

Sta+eho&der Interest


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6nd Identify relevant values

an include2 o4n morals # commitment ; fairness.


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• 6nd continued

5hat is the moral dilemma do given on the one hand and the other

hand9

$his problem formulation places more emphasis on the relevant

moral values than the one before and it does not directly focus onone possible solution.

0

moral 3value considerations onflicting values3morals


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'rd

Certain -acts .ncertain/disputed -acts

assumptions constraints


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0 =ptions for action

• =ur original problem formulation 4as. then consider the reformulated problem 5hich suggests a range of other option of action 0 $he suggested sub:steps2

!st Blac+:and:4hite:strategy 2 for action in 4hich only t4o options for actions areconsidered2 doing the action or not0

6nd -trategy of cooperation 2$he action strategy that is directed at findingalternatives can help to solve a moral problem by consulting and pay moreattention to the relationship 4ith relevant sta+eholders0( can lead to a 4in 4insolution"

'rd reate middle 4ay solution

th 4histle blo4ing can be an option also

disputed or un+no4n facts identified can change course of options

>ist all your options of actions according to strategy


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)0 Ethical evaluation• $he steps are related to five types of ethical theoretical bac+grounds2

•In!orma& mora& !rameor+s

!st Intuitivist frame4or+ 2

6nd ommon sense method ( dominant value9"

• -orma& mora& !rameor+s

'nd 7rofessional ethics. ode of onduct ;evaluate the options in the light of the

engineering codes of ethics0

rd

Utilitarianism0 -everal utilitarian evaluations are provided0 Utility principle ( Bentham"

Freedom 7rinciple (Mill"

)th ?antian ethics0 $he t4o variant tests are offered. 4hich correspond to the a t4o

formulations of the categorical imperative0

Universality principle

Reciprocity principle

*th are Ethics

@th irtue ethics0

his step can &ead to Con!&icting Ethica& -rameor+s options

Do I need to return to pro%&em ana&ysis*


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• 5rite eplain your evaluation test principle briefly (classify formal 3 or

informal"

• apply them to at least selected option (one of those tables

presented can be used"

• -pecify if the frame4or+ supports your option ( may add a ro4 orcolumn for counts"

'ption/e(a&uation

Intuiti(ist!rameor +

Commonsensemethod

$ro!essiona&ethics

.ti&ityprincip&e" entham#

-reedom$rincip&e"i&

.ni(ersa&ityprincip&e

)eciprocityprincip&e

CareEthics

,irtueethics

ota&app&ied

'ption 1


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'ption/e(a&uation 'ption 1 'ption 2 'ption 3 'ption 4 ota& app&ied

Intuiti(ist !rameor+ :


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*0 Reflection

• $he goal is to come up 4ith a 4ell argued choice among various options of actions.using the ethical evaluation in the previous step

1st Criticisms on the theories " intuition and theories#

Ans4er the 8uestion2

Does an ethical frame4or+ provide reasons that support my intuitive opinion9

2ndide re!&ecti(e e5ui&i%rium

Ans4er the 8uestion

Does an ethical frame4or+ succeed in selecting those features of a situation that aremorally relevant9

Do I need to return to option o! action / or to pro%&em ana&ysis case*


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considered mora& udgments"intuitions#7

mora& princip&es %ac+ground theories

(values. principle. concerns. virtues"

!st 5ide reflective e8uilibrium for each option to figure all coherent

believes that support the option. dra4 and state your supported

arguments 2

considered moral Cudgments(intuitions";

moral principles; and

bac+ground theories0

=ption 9


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@0 Discussion

ay %e used in se(era& ays8

• It can be inserted at the end of a se8uence of steps. for eample for

discussing the conclusion of the ethical evaluation0

•But it can also be used in isolation from other steps; for eample. if it isre8uired to discuss a specific statement or 8uestion0

• $he discussion step re8uires building up a tree of argumentation.

ordered in arguments in favor and against the statement

• $he discussion step al4ays re8uires a basic ordering of the arguments

• Using argumentation proposed for theories in chapter

eaching Ethics and echno&ogy ith Agora, an Electronic Tool Simone (an der urg9 and I%o (an de $oe&


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@0 Discussion

ay %e used in se(era& ays8

• It can be inserted at the end of a se8uence of steps. for eample for

discussing the conclusion of the ethical evaluation0

•But it can also be used in isolation from other steps; for eample. if it isre8uired to discuss a specific statement or 8uestion0

• $he discussion step re8uires building up a tree of argumentation.

ordered in arguments in favor and against the statement

• $he discussion step al4ays re8uires a basic ordering of the arguments

• Using argumentation proposed for theories in chapter

Lecture 38 -Ethical Cycle Summary

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