Lecture 3/4: Epithelia I/II

8/21/2019 Lecture 3/4: Epithelia I/II

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Transcribed by ______________ Date of the Lecture

Transcribed by Joseph Schwimmer

Basic Tissues Lectures #3 & 4 Epithelium I & II by r! "in Li

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'ote( This is a word)*or)word transcription *rom the lecture!+

Slide 1-17 MISSING from odcast !first "# minutes$

Slide 1% - &lassificationDr' (in Li S)uamous cells are flattened' *+amles are s,in oral mucosa these are allthe to layer of cells are all s)uamous eithelial cell' &uboidal cells the hei.ht e)ual tothe /idth' So this the name indicate the shae of the columnar are taller in hei.ht andcylinder in shae' 0nd the transitional eithelial cells they can chan.e shae based onthe certain or.an the tissues are distended ersus rela+ed so the surface cell shae can

chan.e'

Slide 12 - ShaesDr' (in Li So here the details is s)uamous eithelial cells is a loo, this center-lacednuclei and this from surface ie/ and this from side if you do cross section you can seethe centrally laced bul.in. nucleus' 0nd the cuboidal the /hole cells is oly.on shaedand in middle is a round nuclei and the columnar eithelia from the to the surafcaeloo,s ery similar /ith cuboida' 3ut the side ie/ /hen you do section they are ofcourse taller in the shae as /ell the nuclei are different' The nuclear shae are ooidand most of the time they are close to the basement membrane the bottom art of thecells' 0nd this is transitional eithelia see this cell has a tyical morholo.y this is dome

shaed /here the or.an are in rela+es condition' So these cells can be found in theuterus and the best e+amle is bladder' 0nd /hen bladder is filled /ith urine it4s thiscells become flat loo,s more li,e s)uamous cells' 3ut don4t /orry /hateer the section/e as, you if there is a conference e+am /hateer e+ams this transitional /e /ill notsho/ you this ,ind of section to as, you /hat ,ind of eithelial cells' 5ou /ill see thisone' So this is an 6 * stainin. of sho/in. this bladder see this tyical dome shaedtransitional eithelia'

Slide 8#981 - LocationsDr' (in Li So this slides combined this and the ne+t slides combined the concet ofsimle s stratified seudostratified and the shae of cells' So /hen /e characteri:e/hen /e describe eithelial tissue a tye of eithelial tissue the best comletedescrition /ill be its stratified s)uamous eithelia' S; e+amles are oral mucosa as /ellas esoha.us' S,in also but s,in later /e /ill learn they are ,eratinali:ed the surfacehae some seciali:ation but these are all s)uamous and they are stratified'


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cuboidal t/o layer and you can find ducts of saliary .land of stratified cuboidal' 0ndthis stratified columnar can be found con=unctia of the eye certain lar.e e+cretory ductsand also can be found in saliary .lands' It4s not common but there are some stratifiedcolumnar cells'

Slide 88 Saliary GlandDr' (in Li This is sho/in. the duct of saliary .land' Saliary .land sho/s the ductcells this is cuboidal t/o layers of cuboidal cells and their main function is to rotect'

Slide 8" &lassification based on functionDr' (in Li So the last tye of classification /e /ill learn today based on the function ofeithelia' So either coerin. or linin. or .landular they can secrete some substance'

Slide 8> Goblet &ellsDr' (in Li 0n e+amle .ien is .oblet cells' Goblet cells are mucus secretin. cellsthey secrete mucus' They are commonly found in columnar and seudostratified

columnar eithelial tissue' So these are some this loo,s li,e seudocolumnar yeah itloo,s li,e so this nuclei there some tall cells this loo,s li,e seudocolumnar eithelia'0nd this is more clear loo, of .oblet cells' 0nd this secific stainin. this dar, blue ?0Sstainin. /e /ill tal, later the mucin are ositie so this stain the mucin are all stained/ith this blue' 0nd as /ell as mucin already mucus already bein. secreted to the tissue'

Slide 8@ - Goblet &ellsDr' (in Li This is another icture of .oblet cells so the .oblet cells .ot the namebecause the shae loo, li,e a .oblet' 0nd actually later it learned that these cellsnormally act they in fact loo, li,e re.ular columnar eithelial cells' The reason /hy theyresent this .oblar shae in their 6 * section is because the /ay eole the tissue beenrocessed' So the fi+ed !teefA$ ,ind of ma,es the cells e+and esecially /hen there ismucin so ma,es the base of the cell loo, narro/er and they ma,e a bi. blue-li,e shaeon the to so that4s ho/ they .ot the name' 3ut in real these .oblet cells are li,e re.ularcolumnar cells'

Slide 8B - Goblet &ellsDr' (in Li So this is a stainin. is eriodic acid-Schiff stainin. secifically for themucin so /e can see the mucin inside of the .oblet cells' So this another one andanother one and this mucin they released and this is electronic microscoy sho/in..oblet cells' This is a nuclei and this is a mucin of a secretory substance' So they /illrelease to this lumen sace from the aical surface of the cells'

Slide CN?;ST*D ?0&TI&* EC*STI;NSF

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Dr' (in Li So I don4t ,no/ maybe this /ill not /or,' Still not /or,in.A Not /or,in.because you don4t ,no/ the channelA ;,' Let4s .o oer each of these statements' Sostratified s)uamous eithelium tissue are found at oral mucosa linin. on lun. and bloodessels' &orrect or notA So this sentence is correct till here' Stratified s)uamouseithelium tissue are found at oral mucosa that4s correct but it simle s)uamouseithelia linin. on the lun. and blood essels' So =ust thin, of to use blood essels youdon4t need thic, multile layer of cells to form blood essels because blood essels /eneed a certain ermeability ri.htA So this is easy to identify' *en you don4t ,no/ lun.the lin. is also the air sac also needed the air e+chan.e it don4t need multile layer of

cells' So the second statement is also /ron. eithelium coer intestine .lands ,idneyare simle cuboidal or columnar eithelium' That4s ri.ht most of the intestine GI tractare either cuboidal or columnar eithelia but not the .lands or ,idney are not simlecuboidal they could be stratified' So the third one is correctF stratified transitionaleithelium are found in ureters because they need stretchin. as /ell as ro+imal urethra-or.ans' The fourth statement seudostratified cuboidal eithelium are found in uerresiratory tract' So this should not be cuboidal it should be columnar' Soseudostratified columnar eithelia best e+amle is uer resiratory tract' 0nd later /e/ill learn this seudostratified columnar cells they also hae a seciali:ed surfaceciliated' &ilia are the free surface of these cells'

Slide 87 Morholo.y unctionDr' (in Li So this slide ,ind of summari:es /hat /e =ust learned about themorholo.y the shae the tye the number of layers of eithelias and their function' Sothere is also a morholo.y and function lin, not only in my lecture but any about ourhuman body basically'


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cuboidal and this lace you do not find s)uamous eithelia because this lace eseciallythis intestine you need a bi..er cells' So these cells can not only there are manyfunctions absortion' So absortion you need en:ymes li,e acid condition you needthese cells you need more cellular or.anelles to e+ert their function' S; for this if itsonly simle s)uamous layer they cannot e+ert this function to absorb nutrients' So and

there is uer resiratory tract you find these seudostratified ciliated columnar cells and/e /ill later learn that cilia the function of cilia ca roel the mucus out and it4s also arotection' 0nd here esoha.us e+amle of stratified s)uamous eithelia' 0s /ell as theoral mucosa it4s ,ind of an e+tension of our s,in but it does not hae a surfaceseciali:ation a ,eratinali:ation'


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actin filaments lin,ed by this called sectrin' So these lin, these to.ether ,ind of suortthe microilli because microilli is rotruded from the cell surface so this ,ind ofcytos,eletal structure suort this structure'

Slide "" ree Surface Seciali:ationsF Microilli

Dr' (in Li So under li.ht microscoe this indiidual microilli cannot be seen butcollectiely the layer of is loos li,e the border of microilli from a brush-li,e structurecan be obsered by li.ht microscoe' S; the len.ths of a microilli is about 1-8mm/hich beyond is a li.ht microscoe resolution but to.ether they can be identified /ecannot see indiidual but /e ,no/ these border are all microilli' This I beliee isintestinal eithelia the function of a microilli is a many to /e can usually /hen thecell loo,s li,e this then the surface this much but /hen hae microilli so the surfaceincreased' So this hels the cells to absorb to e+ose to more surface to hel them absorb'So this is a ma=or function of to absortion and also see this is .oblet cell secretion soho/ also hel secrete'

Slide "> ree Surface Seciali:ationsF &iliaDr' (in Li So the ne+t free surface seciali:ation /e call cilia' &ilia comared tomicroilli they are lon.er and they are motile they can moe' The microilli also haecertain ery lo/ leel of mobility but comared to cilia this is really because they canconsume 0T? ener.y to roel certain li,e articles mucus to moe' So these are reallymobile cilia are mobile and they are hair li,e under li.ht microscoe' ;biously theyare lon.er than the microilli' 0nd you ,ind of can see each indiidual cilia under li.htmicroscoe'

Slide "@ ree Surface Seciali:ationsF &iliaDr' (in Li 0nd this is electronic structure sho/in. cilia' 0nd the imortance is that thecore of the microtubules of these cilia so this hels microcilia to moe so the structure istyically called a+oneme it4s a tyical 2 lus 8 structure so as /e see here 2 doubletsand t/o sin.lets'

Slide "B &iliary 0+onemesDr' (in Li So /e /ill see more detail here' This called ciliary a+oneme formed by 2microtubule doublets and t/o center microtubules and these so,e they connectto.ether this is a cilium cross section and this lasma membrane of cilia of cilia all aree+tension of cell lasma membrane so it4s the same' Inside this is the core of cilia thestructure al/ays t/o microtubule doublets and there are 2 airs of them connected to thissin.let in the center' 0nd this dynein arm all this structure is form the basis of cilia tomoe' 0nd this rocess consumes 0T?' It4s an 0T? drien rocess'

Slide "7 &iliaDr' (in Li So here on these slides /e /ill see /here this seciali:ation been found' Itsuer resiratory system the trachea and het bronchi and the laryn+ these can haeciliated eithelia cells' 0nd as /ell as this in the oary the oiduct in the oum' S; this/e found a ciliated eithelia cells this it4s ,ind of rotection hel to roel s/ee anyatho.en or article mucus out form our body and this in the oiduct this is roel the

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oum to the uterus' 0nd these are the mostly ciliated eithelial cells bein. found andalso in secial case li,e in certain hair cells inside the inner ear here' So this one thistye of cell hae one sin.le cilia and /e .ie a name called ,inocilium because it4s onesin.le only one called cilium sin.le' 0nd this is another lace /here cilia can be found'0nd later these tye of cells also has another cell s free surface seciali:ation /e /ill

learn in the ne+t slides /e /ill call stereocilia as you can comare to this cilium thisloo,s li,e seeral but actually its one called stereo because it4s ,ind of "D somestructure' Its shorter its stereocilia also been found in this estibular aaratus here inthe inner ear'

Slide "% ree Surface Seciali:ationsF StereociliaDr' (in Li so this is structureSlide "2 ree Surface Seciali:ationsF StereociliaDr' (in Li and this is detailed stereocilia' 0nd the main function of stereocilia is also toincrease the surface area' This is a common feature a common function of other free

surface seciali:ation to increase the surface area' 0nd this stereocilia can alsofacilitatin. the moement of molecules' So this can also be seen under hi.h resolutionli.ht microscoe'

Slide ># ree Surface Seciali:ationsF Heratini:ationDr' (in Li so the last free surface seciali:ation /e /ill tal, about is ,eratini:ation'


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So I beliee its /or, no/ so the channel should be fifty @-#' ;, so they4re so thisstatement is /ron.' There are seeral laces but his art so /e tal, about all these arefree surface seciali:ations they increase cell surface in free surface but not in basementmembrane' This is /here you can that this statement is ery /ron.' It4s true that onlycilia is isible under li.ht microscoe' 0nd /e and another lace is here the microilli

and the cilia are both motile' Normally /e only say that cilia is motile' Microilli /edon4t consider as motile' 3ut actually should4e been mobile'

Slide >1 Lateral Seciali:ationsDr' (in Li So ne+t /e /ill tal, about lateral seciali:ations'

Slide >8 unctions of Intercellular unctionsDr' (in Li So lateral is bet/een the surface bet/een the ad=acent eithelial cells itsintercellular =unctions' So the ma=or function of intercellular =unctions thisseciali:ations the intercellular surface to seal' S; /e already ,no/ that one of thefeature of eithelia they are ti.ht' So cells are closely oosed' There almost none either

no or ery fe/ saces in bet/een' So this intercellular =unctions hels eithelial cellsne+t to each other to seal to form imermeable surface imermeable layer or surfaceli,e our s,in and also they can adhere or .lue t/o cells to.ether' 0nd throu.h thisadhesie or anchorin. =unctions' 0nd another tye and this also intercellular =unctions asanother imortant function they can communicate so cells need to tal, to each other sothey need a certain channel to e+chan.e information material' So there are .a =unctionsto hel them communicate'

Slide >" Intercellular unctionsDr' (in Li So first /e tal, about this first tye of intercellular =unctions the occludin.=unction' The name is :onula occludens it4s retty a/,/ard' So /e short of J; as youmay see later in certain slides /hen /e labellin. this structure' So this occludin.=unctions as indicated by the name either form imermeable barriers occludin. anythin.so it4s to seal' 0nd the membranes of these ad=oinin. cells basically fused to.ether sothat4s character of these :onula occludens as its sho/ here this membrane ,ind of fusedto.ether' This is a membrane of one cells this is membrane of ad=acent cells and throu.hthis :onula occludens the membrane has sealed to.ether so these form imermeablebarriers'

Slide >> ;ccludin. =unctionsDr' (in Li So this sho/s electron fro:en section' 0nd because this tye of =unctionseals cells to.ether /e call them ti.ht =unction' This sho/s rid.es .rooes of thelasma membrane of the t/o ad=acent cells' So the flo/ of material bet/een the cells arereented' So the material cannot freely e+chan.e bet/een cells' 3ut /hen they need toe+chan.e they need to throu.h certain seciali:ed channel so /e /ill learn shortly after'

Slide >@ Intercellular unctionsDr' (in Li So the net tye of intercellular unction are adhesion =unctions' So there aret/o tyes /e call :onula adherens and desmosomes' So the function of this =unction isobiously adhesion to adhere eithelial cells to.ether or to adhere the eithelial cells to

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the basal membrane this is seciali:ed /e call hemi because only one cell is there sothe other is the basal lamina so it4s called hemidesmosomes' So this is J0 they4reformed by these microfilaments it4s not ery obious a little bit dar, inside here it4s notery obious throu.h these and another name of these is called belt desmosomes theseare ery similar they are both adherent =unctions from here it4s ,ind of difficult you can

see more li,e fibrils here in the desmosomes structure and less in the J0 but it4s notery I feel it4s not ery obious to distin.uish these t/o esecially this J0 is ,ind ofdifficult to identify'

Slide CN?;ST*D

Dr' (in Li So these you can find in the summary slides I =ust cut and e+and here tocomare to =ust secifically comare this to adherence =unctions' So this tye =unction/e already mentioned its membrane fused to.ether and here this one is :onula adherensand this cause desmosome' So this :onula adherens also called a belt desmosome isbecause li,e this desmosome it4s li,e sot li,e it4s li,e a button here structure but his:onula adherens also e+tends li,e a belt so this only art of the cell membrane but youcan =ust they are e+tended inside so they are lon.er li,e a belt o circle the cells t/o cells'So it ,ind of the desmosome if these are t/o cells membrane desmosome can onlybutton touch /here they hae this structure9button' 3ut this :onula adherens li,e a belthere the /hole surface are touched' So these t/o cells ,ind of li,e this /ay' S; that4s thedifference these t/o are both adherens cells adhere t/o cells to.ether' So its stron.erstructure to adhere cells to.ether' So /ith this ti.ht =unction to form imermeable butthey are only ery small artially only at this lace the t/o cells lasma fused these arenot ti.ht enou.h' These are ti.ht but not stron. enou.h to hold cells to.ether' So thisadherent =unctions li,e :onula adherens as /ell as desmosomes really hold t/o cellsto.ether'

Slide >B Desmosome

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Dr' (in Li So this electronic microscoy sho/s desmosome so you can see the dar,stainin. so these are accumulations of intracellular these are inside of cells' This is onecell this is another cell these filaments insertin. into the la)ue of each cells and thereare many of these tyes of structures' So then /e hae a concet called =unctionalcomle+' unctional comle+ are formed by ti.ht =unctions by :onula occludens J; and

:onula adherens J0 desmosome'

Slide >7 Intercellular unctionsDr' (in Li S; these =unctional comle+ really hold t/o cells to.ether and the materialscannot e+chan.e in bet/een so its form imermeable and ery ti.ht cell layer' So this:onula occludens are from the most aical face and first this are connected as this J; and,ind of close to the aical face surface and the ne+t secured by J0 and desmosome'

Slide >% Intercellular unctionsDr' (in Li So the first t/o tyes of =unctions are to hold cells to.ether and ma,e cells

cannot e+chan.e materials' 0nd then the ne+t =unction the cells do need to communicateto e+ert function so there is a communication =unctions'


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So this is another to test /hat /e learned about all these =unctions' ust so most of theeole thin, that the second statement is /ron.' 0ctually it4s correct' So I thin, youshouldn4t robably that this desmosome is a sotli,e la)ue' That the .a =unction this isalso sotli,e la)ue' So eole thin, the third one some of you thin, the third statementis /ron. it is a tye of adherens =unction this art is correct ri.htA They form a ery

stron. attachment to sulement the role of :onula adherens its true its art of J; J0and desmosome form a =unction comle+' 0nd this desmosome form stron. attachmentoints that ri.ht' 0nd .a =unction the fourth one has little stren.th but sere asintercellular channel for flo/ of molecules there4s nothin. /ron. /ith this sentence' Sothe first sentence is /ron. because this could be confusin. because :onula occludens /ealso call it ti.ht =unction' 0nd /e learn that the ma=or function is to form an imermeablelayer 3ut they are not stron. enou.h to hold t/o cells to.ether so their ma=or role is notto maintain the inte.rity their ma=or role are to reent assie flo/ of materials bet/eencells to maintain the inte.rity of eithelia is the role of adherent =unctions as desmosomeand :onula adherens these t/o ma=or role are to maintain the inte.rity of eithelia'

Slide >2 SummaryF Intercellular =unctionDr' (in Li So this I thin, better summari:es all /e =ust learned about these " tyes ofintercellular =unctions' Ti.ht =unction membrane the lasma membrane fused at thisti.ht =unction' 0dherens occludens the ma=or function of these tye of =unction is toreent assie flo/ of materials bet/een cells' 0dherens =unction this is this is the:onula adherens and another one is desmosome also a tye of adherens =unctions' Theyare in char.e of the inte.rity of the eithelia' So these t/o to.ether really hold cellsti.htly' 0nd commonly these " ti.ht =unctions J; :onula occludens J0 :onulaadherens and desmosome found to.ether from aical to basal surface of eithelial cells toform =unctional comle+' 0nd here and there in bet/een cells /e find .a =unctions toallo/ certain si:e of material e+chan.e bet/een cells' The si:e of the ore of thisconne+on is 1'@ nanometer' These are .a =unction' 0nd the structure do loo, li,e a sot'0nd this the common this art of the .a =unction is from all these conne+on all thesechannels are only in a certain area there are many conne+on from this sotli,e .a=unction' 0nd these structure-/ise hae some similarity /ith desmosome it4s also a sotli,e' 0nd this J0 :onula adherens also called belt desmosome they loo, li,e a belt' Sothis summari:es all the =unctions the morholo.y and it didn4t mention much about thefunction but these " tyes of =unctions three tyes of ma=or functions a.ain ti.ht=unction is to reent assie material flo/' 0dherens =unction to adhere to ma,e theinte.rity in char.e of the inte.rity of the eithelia' Ga =unction allo/ certain si:edmaterial e+chan.e'

Slide @# 3asal Seciali:ationsDr' (in Li So the ne+t is and the last art of surface seciali:ations is on the basalsurface'

Slide @1 3asal LaminaDr' (in Li So the basal surface /e already ,no/ the eithelia has a olari:ed and ho//e define the basal e+istence of this basal surface is because it has this uni)ue structurethe basal lamina' These are actually e+tracellular material matri+' They are bet/een

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eithelial basal surface and the underlyin. connectie tissue' S; /e no/ underneatheithelial cells there are connectie tissue that /e /ill learn more details of connectietissue later but /e hae to ,no/ the concet of connectie tissue most of the time theyare underneath eithelial tissue and there in bet/een there layer called basal lamina' 0ndalso here these are connectie tissue these are eithelia and these here loo, here these

are blood essel this simle s)uamous eithelia this sho/ a blood essel' 0nd this bloodessel ri.ht ad=acent to this surface eithelia and this ,ind of this basal lamina fills' Sothe definition of basal lamina are e+tracellular material bet/een the eithelial basalsurface and underlyin. connectie tissue or this e+tracellular material bet/een t/oad=acent eithelias' ;f course if they are basement membrane' So this is a base membraneof this columnar eithelia' 0nd this is also the base membrane of this eithelia of thiss)uamous eithelia and this lumen sace is a free sace of these s)uamous cells'

Slide @8 3asal LaminaDr' (in Li So the detailed structure of a basal lamina there are reticular fibers andthese reticular fibers are secreted by connectie tissues so /e also call it reticular lamina'

They are closely associated /ith the basal lamina for eithelial cells' So throu.h thisanchorin. fibers and later /e /ill learn this basal lamina and this reticular laminato.ether /e call basement membrane'

Slide @" 3asal LaminaDr' (in Li So this sho/s another tye of basal lamina t/o eithelial cells is theodocyte of the ,idney and this is the basal lamina of this to eithelial cells and thenthey hae this roteo.lycan this and then this endothelium another of eithelia' 0nd thisfuse to.ether to ma,e basement membrane'

Slide @> 3asal LaminaDr' (in Li So here is another e+amle sho/in. eithelia from a ,idney' This iseithelial cells artially of eithelial cells this is the nucleus of the eithelial cells andthis sho/s a basal lamina' 0nd here is a fibroblast but a fibroblast doe s not hae a basallamina so only these eithelial cells hae this basal surface seciali:ation called basallamina'

Slide @@ 3asal LaminaDr' (in Li So it4s dense layer of material only isible by electronic microscoy' 0ndthis basal lamina mainly comosed by tye IK colla.en and laminin and hearin sulfatehearin sulfate is a tye of roteo.lycan'

Slide @B 3asal Lamina ModelDr' (in Li So ho/ this basal lamina bein. assembled is so first /e no/ the maincomonents are laminin tye IK colla.en the hearin sulfate so first this laminin needsto be olymeri:ed anchorin. to the surface .et olymeri:ed and form a net/or,' 0ndtye IK colla.en incororated formed into this second net/or, into this lamininnet/or, and these t/o net/or, are brid.ed by this nido.en and esecially this hearinsulfate roteo.lycan to brid.e these t/o net/or,s to.ether and these are the mainstructure of the basal lamina and this is also ho/ this basal lamina bein. assembled'

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Slide @7 3asal Lamina unctionsDr' (in Li So the function of basal lamina is mainly as barrier the e+amle is li,e in,idney as barrier so it can filter the filtration' 0nd also this basal lamina has a si.nalmeans li.and rotein li.and recetors can e+ert some cellular si.nal function' So they

can hae a recetors to hae the cell si.nal and transduction' 0s /ell as connection toconnectie tissue is throu.h this basal lamina' 0nd another function of this basal laminais comartmentali:ation or searation and also because of this basal lamina /e candefine the olarity of the eithelia' 0nd in re.eneration this basal lamina has imortantfunction as tissue scaffoldin. in deeloment and re.eneration'

Slide @% 3asement MembraneDr' (in Li So /e already mentioned the basement membrane concet so here is thedefinition' It is a thic,er structure isible by li.ht microscoe' emember that /e saidthat the basal lamina is not isible by li.ht microscoe but this basement membrane isisible it4s a thic,er structure' 3ecause basically basement membrane is double basal

lamina' See these fused t/o basal lamina bet/een t/o eithelial cells as /ell as basallamina lus reticular from connectie tissue' So it4s obiously thic,er because it4s doublelamina'

Slide @2 3asement MembraneDr' (in Li So /e already seen these slices before' The basal lamina and and this isbasal lamina and reticular lamina from connectie tissue'

Slide B# - 3asement MembraneDr' (in Li 0nd this sho/in. basement membrane that is isible by li.ht microscoesho/in. the ,idney the base membrane of seeral tubules and the structure /ithin sin.le.lomerulus and their function is to suort and also filter'

Slide B1 3asement Membrane N;T M*NTI;N*D in odcast

Slide B8 6uman Muscle e.ro/n on 0nimal Scaffoldin.Dr' (in Li So here is an e+amles of basement membrane scaffoldin.' So there /asne/ about I don4t ,no/ if you can it may not /or, the internet' So to ut lon. story inshort this soldier .ot in=ured by a bomb and he lost a ma=or art of the articles of themuscle on his le.' So /e ,no/ the muscle is ,ind of difficult to rene/ it4s not tye oflabel cells because it4s more li,e a different shaded ermanent cells' So to reair that/e ,no/ that /hen you cannot reair tissue bac, to its normal functions a scar tissue areformed' So he barely can /al,' So then a sur.eon used this this actually is from abladder I beliee it4s from i. yeah' rom i. /e ,no/ bladder from a i. areeithelial tissue' 0nd eithelial tissue they dissect a thin layer of this basement membranefrom the i. bladder and used this to coer this in=ured surface to remoe all the scartissue and then ut this underneath' 0nd then because of this basement membrane therehis muscle re.ro/th' ;f course not 1## but ,his muscle ,ind of reaired artiallyreaired so he can start at least /al, more normally' So this is this e+amle is I thin, this

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is ery .ood e+amle sho/in. that the function of a basement membrane as a tissuescaffold to hel re.eneration'

Slide B" &arcinoma90denocarcinomaDr' (in Li So another e+amle about the imortance of basement membrane is to

searate and here the basal lamina and the basement membrane is basically t/o basallamina /ith reticular lamina' So it4s their function to searate comartment-li,e' So thisbasement underneath eithelial cells and /e already ,no/ that most of the solid tumoreithelia oran.e' So this cancer cells if they hae this /e call earlier cancer /ith lo/code ones is inasie to ad=acent tissue it4s not a .ood si.n' 0nd further metastasi:e toother or.ans it4s ,ind of a late sta.e' So it4s the basement membrane that reent cancercells to lea, from eithelial tissue to other ad=acent tissue and later on and /e ,no/ thatthere is no blood essel inside eithelia' 6o/eer once these cells4 basement membrane,ind of lose function these cancer cells can lea, into underneath connectie tissue .etinto the blood essel circulation and then .o eery/here' So this is basement membraneis also imortant durin. cancer deeloment' So this sho/ inasie lesion' 0nd this once

the basement is rutured cancer cells can .o any/here'

Slide B> MetalasiaDr' (in Li So another tye of disorder in eithelia /e call Metalasia this meanschan.e in form' So it4s from one tye of eithelia to another tye of eithelia' So /e,no/ different tye of eithelia hae different function' So this Metalasia results in lossof function of normal tissue' So this is e+amle of the Metalasia found from columnarthis is I beliee esoha.us' &olumnar cells later on can become s)uamous cells' So andthis also can be seen in oral mucosa' 0nd smo,in. is hi.hly related ris, factor because ofMetalasia'

Slide B@ ?leomorhic adenomaDr' (in Li and this is an e+amle of a atient /ith a 1# year history of this ainlessmass in his uer .um' 0nd this find out turned out to be ?leomorhic adenoma and thisis a tye of ery common saliary .land tumor' 0nd this as /e can see there is some ofthe yello/ish ,ind of ,eratinali:ed' So these cells are /ith this e+tensie metalasia intothis s)uamous cells' 0nd this is minor saliary .land'

So this is all for today and see you ne+t Monday'

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Lecture 3/4: Epithelia I/II

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Transcript of Lecture 3/4: Epithelia I/II