Lecture 3 Overview of the Body A Brief Introduction.
Transcript of Lecture 3 Overview of the Body A Brief Introduction.
Lecture 3Lecture 3Overview of the BodyOverview of the BodyA Brief Introduction
Reflection:Reflection:“Your body is a temple, only if
you treat it as one”
***Select 2 topics***Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) on your interpretation of the quote .Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what you believe is an “amazing” function of the human body.Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about ways people do NOT treat their body as a “temple.”
ObjectivesObjectivesList seven cell functionsIdentify three main parts of the
cell & explain their functionsDescribe the relationship
between cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body
Identify terms relating to the body
Do NowDo Now
Explain why health care workers must have a basic knowledge of body structures and how they function.
The CellThe CellCell – smallest structural section
in the body that is capable of independent functioning.◦building block of the body◦Microscopic: can only be seen w/ a
microscopeBody is made up of millions cells
◦Each cell is programmed for a specific job
◦Many cells repair themselves
The CellThe CellEach cell
◦Reproduces◦Grows◦Uses oxygen & nutrients◦Digests food for energy◦Eliminates waster◦Produces heat & energy◦Able to move around
Structure of the CellStructure of the CellNucleus: regulates cell; vital for cell’s
growth, metabolism, reproduction, and transmitted characteristics
Cytoplasm: jellylike liquid that surrounds nucleus; where the activities of cell occur
Cell membrane: thin, soft layer that surrounds the cell & holds it together; allows matter to flow in and out of the cell
TissuesTissuesTissues: groups of cells of the
same type that act together to perform a specific function◦Tissues have a specific job
Four primary kinds of tissues◦Nerve◦Epithelial◦Connective ◦Muscle
What about blood? How do we classify blood?
Blood is a connective
tissue!
Tissues of the BodyTissues of the BodyType of Tissue Location in the
BodyFunction
Nerve tissue Throughout the body
Sends impulses to/from the central nervous system & to/from the body systems
Epithelial tissue Forms the outer skin and lines body cavities and passages to the outside of the body
Protects, secretes, absorbs, & receives sensations (e.g., hot, cold, pressure)
Connective tissue Bones, tendons, fat tissue**Blood
Binds, supports & connects body tissues
Muscle tissue1.Cardiac2.Smooth3.Striated
1.Heart muscle2.Internal organs (stomach, diaphragm)3.Throughout body for movement
1.Contracts heart2.Contracts internal organs3.Contracts & flexes to allow movement
OrgansOrgansOrgans are made up of
specialized tissues that allow each part of an organ to performs its own specific function.
Several different types of tissue for one organ◦Example: heart = connective +
cardiac + nerve
SystemsSystemsSystem is a group of organs
working together to perform a certain function
The Body SystemsThe Body SystemsSkeletal systemMuscular systemCirculatory
systemLymphatic
systemRespiratory
systemDigestive system
Excretory/Urinary system
Endocrine system
Nervous systemReproductive
systemIntegumentary
system
The Organization The Organization
Planes & Directions of the Planes & Directions of the BodyBodyYou must know
◦To document information about patients
◦To specify regions or directions
Common Planes of the Common Planes of the BodyBodyAxial/Transverse
plane (horizontal)◦ Upper vs. Lower
Coronal/Frontal plane (vertical)◦ Front vs. Back
Sagittal planes◦ Left vs. Right
Most Common Body Most Common Body DirectionsDirectionsCranial (superior): located near the
headCaudal (inferior): located toward the
sacral (tailbone) regionSuperior: above or in a higher position
◦The head is superior to neckInferior: below, lower
◦The knee is inferior to thighVentral or anterior: located near the
surface or in front of coronal (frontal) plane
Dorsal or posterior: located to the back of the coronal plane
Most Common Body Most Common Body DirectionsDirectionsMedial: near the center or
midline of the sagittal plane◦Think of midline as dividing body in ½
Lateral: away from the midline of the sagittal plane
Proximal: nearest point of attachment
Distal: farthest from the point of attachment or the midline
Body DirectionsBody Directions
Cavities of the BodyCavities of the BodyWe have cavities
◦in the front of our body = ventral ◦in the back of our body = dorsal
Ventral Cavities - FrontVentral Cavities - FrontThoracic Cavity – houses the
heart, lungs, large blood vesselsAbdominal Cavity – houses the
stomach, most of the intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
Pelvic Cavity – houses the urinary bladder, part of intestine, rectum, parts of reproductive system
Dorsal Cavities - BackDorsal Cavities - BackCranial cavity – houses the brainSpinal/Vertebral cavity – houses
the spinal cord
Body CavitiesBody Cavities
Jobs & ProfessionsJobs & ProfessionsMedical Doctor (MD or DO)
A licensed physician responsible for comprehensive patient care
MicrobiologistA scientist who studies microbes, or living
organisms and infectious agents that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
PathologistMedical doctor who examines tissue
specimens, cells, & bodily fluids through laboratory tests then interprets results for diagnosis
Jobs & ProfessionsJobs & ProfessionsRegistered Nurse (RN)
Involved in all aspects of patient care from treating, giving medication to performing tests
Nurse Practitioner (NP)RN who received additional education &
clinical training in diagnosis & treatment of illness
License Practical (LPN) & Vocational Nurse (LVN)Provides basic bedside care for patients
under supervision of a MD/DO or RNNursing Assistant (NA)
Work under direct supervision of nurse