Lecture 3: Making it Work – the Volatile 1790’s. The Early Republic (1789-1820) HProblems: H...
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Transcript of Lecture 3: Making it Work – the Volatile 1790’s. The Early Republic (1789-1820) HProblems: H...
Lecture 3: Making it Work – the Volatile 1790’s
The Early Republic (1789-1820)
Problems: Internal:
Uneducated massesMonarchyLegislature
External:Spain, Great Britain,
France
The Early Republic (1789-1820)
Tremendous growth: Population: 1790 - 3.9 mil; 1820 - 9.6 mil Cotton export: 1794 - 2 mil; 1820 - 128 mil Total US export: 1791 - $19 mil; 1807 - $108 mil Geographic expansion
Washington’s Presidency
Washington’s electionSetting precedents
Title 1st lady Cabinet:
State: JeffersonTreasury: HamiltonWar: KnoxVP: AdamsChief Justice: Jay
Rivalry in the CabinetJefferson vs. Hamilton
Jefferson vs. Hamilton
Jefferson: French Rev. Contradictions “Republican” States Ties to France Agrarian, expansive
nation
Hamilton: Illegitimate, immigrant Aide to GW “Federalist” National govt. Ties to England Urban, industrial nation
Conflict between order and liberty
Washington’s Presidency
The 1st party system: Federalists and RepublicansThe volatile 1790s:
Yellow fever Financial panics Taxpayer revolts Violent protest Sedition act Fights in congress The Duel
Parties: Principled, yet compromise The Presidency
Washington’s PresidencyRepublican party firstWashington’s presenceHouse of RepresentativesFederalist ruleHamilton’s winning streak:
Fund debt,; taxes; national bank Shades of British system Repay war debt (Madison system rejected) Assumption of state debt (Madison rejected) Whiskey tax National bank
How to fight back? Rally public opinion!
Washington’s PresidencyThe newspaper war
Freneau, National Gazette Fenno, Gazette of the United States
The 1792 campaign Media Letters Pamphlets
Madison’s reversalHamilton’s attacksThe 1792 election
Washington’s Presidency
Foreign affairs: France or Britain? “Independent
Internationalism” Commercial alliances Stay out of war Westward expansion 1793 Proclamation of
Neutrality Treaties with England
and Spain (Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty)
Washington’s Presidency
Election of 1796Farewell Address
No entangling alliances
John Adams as President
Conflict with France“X,Y,Z Affair”The Federalists unravel:
Immigration Alien & Sedition Acts Standing army Taxes The Sedition law
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson as President
The Election of 1800The “Revolution of
1801”Marbury v. MadisonJudicial reviewLouisiana Purchase
Haitian slave rebellion
Embargo Act
Mr. Madison’s War
Causes of the War of 1812 Impressment Leopard/Chesapeake Economic warfare Indian attacks Canada?
Mr. Madison’s War
War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent
Results of the war: National pride Westward expansion Military growth Transportation