CHILD DEVELOPMENT ZAINAB HJ NAWAB KHAN

TESL Jun 2014

CONTENT - Physical

development Prenatal Infant Child Early Adolescence

3.1 Explain the stages of physical development of a child

3.2 Present the characteristics of physical development according to the developmental stages

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

PRENATAL

INFANT

CHILD

EARLY ADOLESCENCE

WEEKS PROGRESS

1Zygote

One cell zygote multiples and forms a blastocyst

2 The blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining

3-4 Embryo

6mm,a primitive brain and spinal cord appear. Heart, muscles,ribs, backbone, and digestive tract begin to develop

5-8 2.5cm,Many external body structures –face,arms,legs,toes & fingers and internal organs form. The sence of touch begins to develop and embryo canmove.

9-12Fetus

7.6cm,Nervouse system,organs & muscles become organized & connected-kicking,thumb sucking &mouth opening, sex is evident

13-24 30cm,Fetal movement can be felt by mother, fetus react to sound

25-38 50cm,Size increases,Lung mature,rapid brain development, fetus rotate upside down in preparation for birth.

1. PRENATAL

1.Teratogen-any environmental agent thatcauses damage during prenatal period Dose,Heredity,Age,Other negative influences-poor nutrition, lack of

medical care2. Prescription and non prescription drugs3. Illegal drugs4. Tobacco 5. Alcohol6. Radiation7. Environmental pollution8. Maternal disease9. Nutrition10. Exercise11. Emotional stress12. Maternal age / previous birth

Prenatal Environmental Influences

WHAT ARE THE COMMON DISCUSSED ISSUES DURING PREGNANCY

Rfelex Stimulation

Eye blink Shine bright light eyes, or clap hand near head.Permenant

Rooting Stroke cheek near corner of mouth

Sucking Place finger in infant’s mouth

Palmar grasp Place finger in infants’s hand, and press against palm

Tonic neck Turn baby’s head to one side while infant is lying awake on back

Stepping Hold infant under arms and permit bare feet to touch a flat surface

Stepping Hold infant under arms and permit bare feet to touch a flat surface

2.INFANT

refers to skills that involve large muscles activities e.g:

crawling Standing Walking Jumping etc

Gross Motor Development

Development of fine skills that involve more finely turned movement such as finger dexterity

Grasping Holding Buttoning etc

Fine Motor Development

period Motor development

6 weeks When held up right, holds head erect & steady

2 months Lifts self by arms, roll from side to side

3 months Grasps cube

4.5 months Rolls from back to side

7 months Sits alone,crawls

8 months Pulls to stand

9 months Plays simple games

11 months Stands alone,walks alone

23 months Jumps in place

Gross & Fine motor development

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON ISSUES ABOUT TAKING CARE OF INFANT

age Motor skills

2-3 Walks more rhythmically, hurried walk change to runJumps, hops, throws & catches with rigid upper bodyPushes riding toy with feet

3-4 Walks up stairs, pedals

4-5 Walks downstairs, skips with one foot

5-6 Increases running speed, skipping, throwing speed increases

7-12 Increases in gross motor skillsSlow but consistent growth

3. Child

The most important hormones for human growth are released by the pituitary gland.

Located at the based of the brain It will enter bloodstream and induce growth

Testosterone –( boys) – genitals,height, voiceEstrogen-breast, uterine & skeletal

Growth Hormone

WHAT ARE THE COMMON ISSUES ABOUT RAISING A

CHILD

Puberty- physical maturation involving hormonal & bodily changes ( in order)

4.Adolescence

MALE FEMALE

Increase in penis and testicle size

Breast enlarge/pubic hair appears

Pubic hair Armpit hair

Minor voice changes Height

Maximum growth in height

Wider hips

Armpit hair Menstruation

More voice changes

Growth of facial hair

Have common charateristics Noticed they are gay in mid or late

adolescence Majority of gay adolescence also

experienced other sex attraction (bisexual) , but do not fall in love

Gay? Lesbian?

WHAT ARE THE COMMON ISSUES ABOUT ADOLESCENT

Factors affecting physical growth

HEREDITY ENVIRONMENT

Teaching and learning

Approaches strategies and methods

Teaching and learning objectives

Planning of activities

Teaching aids

IMPLICATIONS IN

In groups present the implications of physical development towards teaching and learning

Group activities