Lecture 2: Urban & Regional Planning (Risk Mitigation Concept)
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Welcome to Lecture 01 to Lecture 01 We DSMHT 305: Urban and Regional Planning: Risk Mitigation Concept Department of Disaster Science and Management University of Dhaka Bangladesh Prepared by- BAYES AHMED 22 November 2015 Welcome to Lecture 02
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Transcript of Lecture 2: Urban & Regional Planning (Risk Mitigation Concept)
Welcome to Lecture 01to Lecture 01 We
DSMHT 305: Urban and Regional Planning: Risk Mitigation Concept
Department of Disaster Science and ManagementUniversity of Dhaka
Bangladesh
Prepared by-BAYES AHMED
22 November 2015
Welcome to Lecture 02
Settlement Types
Men construct houses and develop settlements to protect themselves against the oddity of weather and to enjoy social life.
Settlements are classified on the basis of size and function into URBAN and RURAL.
Urban Settlements
These types of settlement are nodal in character and have secondary and tertiary activities.
The chief occupation of the people of urban areas is non-agricultural i.e. industry, trade and services. Less than 50% of adult male population is engaged in agricultural job.
The major function of an urban area are trades and commerce, transport and communication, mining and manufacturing, defense, administration, cultural and recreational activities.
Population density is high and the settlement size is large. Most roads are developed in a planned way. Settlements are generally concentrated. Buildings are of durable materials in most cases. High level of concentration of linear utility service.
Rural Settlements
These settlements are mainly concerned with primary activities such as agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry etc.
Most of the people (more than 50% of adult male) of rural settlement are engaged in agricultural work.
Population density is small and the settlement size is small.
Roads are developed spontaneously and often meandering (zigzag).
Settlements are generally clustered. Buildings are of non-durable materials in most cases. Linear utility services are rare in most cases.
The rural settlements derive their life support or basic economic needs from land based primary economic activities, whereas, urban settlements, depend on processing of raw materials and manufacturing of finished goods on the one hand and a variety of services on the other.
Cities act as nodes of economic growth. Urban settlements provide goods and services to the people of the rural settlements and in return rural settlement provide food and raw materials. This functional relationship between the urban and rural settlements takes place through transport and communication network.
Rural vs. Urban
Rural people are less mobile and therefore, social relations among them are intimate. In urban areas, on the other hand, way of life is complex and fast, and social relations are formal.
Rural settlements are small in size because they depend on extensive land for cultivation etc. whereas urban settlements are large and compact.
Rural vs. Urban
Declaration of City Area (Bangladesh)
According to Bangladesh Gazette, 52 no. ordinance of 2010 Ordinance issued for the amendment of local government (municipality) ordinance, 2009 (page 6698):
(1) Government can express intention to declare any rural area to city area by notification through gazette analyzing issues like as-
(a) population, (b) density of population, (c) local income sources, (d) percentage of non-agricultural profession, and (e) economical importance of such area.
Declaration of City Area (Bangladesh)
(2) Before publishing circular by gazette according to sub-section (1) have to be confirm about following issues that, declared area-
(a) Three-forth of the people is involved with non-agricultural profession.
(b) 33 percent land is non-agriculture type.
(c) Density of population is not less than 1500 in average in each sq. km.
(d) Population will not be less than 50 thousand.
Definition of Urban Places
City
The term “city” is essentially a political designation referring to a place governed by some kind of administrative body or organization. Thus the term in itself has no size connotation, although normally a city is larger is larger than a town or village.
Nucleated settlement with multi-function and activities.
It has defined central business district, residential and non-residential land uses.
Definition of Urban Places
Town
Settlement meeting a prescribed minimum population threshold.
A town occupies a particular position with in the administrative framework for local government.
Less functional complexities than cities but have a nuclear business concentration (e.g. growth center).
No specific size range, to distinguish a town from a city.
Definition of Urban Places
Suburb
Located outside the boundaries of central city.
Homogeneous residential community separately incorporated and administered.
It can be exclusively residential, industrial and commercial.
Due to the specialization of land uses they are not individually self-sufficient.
Definition of Urban Places
Central Business District (CBD)
Nucleus of urban area, major concentration of commercial land uses.
Most accessible location in the city.
High land value.
Around the core less intensive land uses, usually includes certain light industrial activity and ware houses.
Ex. Motijheel commercial area.
Definition of Urban Places
Mega city
Urban agglomeration having 5 million or more population.
Mexico, Tokyo, London, Paris, Dhaka are some examples of mega cities.
Definition of Urban/Rural Places
Household
Persons, either related or unrelated, living together and taking food from the same kitchen constitute a household. A single person living and eating alone forms one-person household.
Community
It refers to the following 5 lower geographic, administrative or revenue units:
i) Union: Smallest administrative rural geographic unit comprising of mauzas and villages and having union parishad institution.
Definition of Urban/Rural Places
ii) Mauza: Mauza is the lowest administrative unit having a separate jurisdiction list number (J.L. No.) in revenue records. Every mauza has its well-demarcated cadastral or revenue survey map. Mauza should be distinguished from local village since a mauza may consist of one or more villages.
iii) Village: Lowest rural geographic unit either equivalent to a mauza or part of a mauza.
iv) Ward: Smallest administrative urban geographic unit comprising of mahallas and having ward council institution.
v) Mahalla: Lowest urban geographic unit having identifiable boundaries.
Definition of Urban/Rural Places
Urban Area
It corresponds with area developed around a central place having such amenities as metalled roads, improved communication, electricity, gas, water supply, sewerage, sanitation and also having comparatively higher density of population with majority population in non-agricultural occupations.
i) City Corporation: It includes city corporation area declared by the Ministry of Local Government.
ii) Paurashava/Municipality Area: It includes paurashavas incorporated and administered by local government under Paurashava Ordinance, 1977.
Definition of Urban/Rural Places
Source: District Statistics 2011 Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
Functional Classification of Cities
Employment and occupational data are used for the classification. Followings are the major categories of towns according to function:
1. Administrative Towns It includes all the centers of province, state, distinct and
other administrative divisions of the country. Ex: Tokyo, Dhaka.
2. Defensive Town !At the medieval period most of the towns and cities developed as a defensive site. It has cantonments, barracks, training facilities for armed forces. Ex. Halifix (Canada).
Functional Classification of Cities
3. Cultural Centers Numerous towns and cities in the world perform cultural,
educational and religious function. Ex. Oxford and Cambridge (educational towns in England), Mecca, Vatican City (religious function).
4. Collection Town ! The mining towns, fishing ports, lumbering centers are included in this type. Kuwait and Tehran hub of oil extraction industries. Fishing towns have fishing port and fishing related businesses are more pronounced (Male, Maldives). Example of timber towns are Sabah (Malayasia), Grand Falls (Canada).
Functional Classification of Cities
5. Production Centers ! Major function is some kind of manufacturing industries. Transportation plays a very important role. Ex. Osaka, Tokyo, Detroit. 6. Transfer and Distribution Center Main functions performed at transfer centers are the
trade, commerce and services. Ex. Seaports (Mumbai, Chittagong, New York), financial towns (Frankfurt in Germany, Amsterdam in Netherlands.
7. Resort ! Gifted with natural beauties and amenities. Sea side recreation areas, mountainous areas. Resort towns have tourist facilities and accommodation for visitors. Ex. Sylhet, Cox’s Bazar, Maldives.
