Lecture 2 - The Components of the System Unit.pdf
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Transcript of Lecture 2 - The Components of the System Unit.pdf
The System Unit Chapter 2
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Overview
Discuss the Types of System Units
Describe System Boards
Discuss Processors
Discuss Memory
Discuss Expansion Slots and Cards
Bus Lines, Bus Widths, Expansion Buses
Describe Ports
Discuss Power Supplies
Discuss Numbers and Characters
2 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
System Unit Types
Desktops
Tower Unit
All-in-one
Notebooks
Laptops
Netbooks
Tablets
Handhelds
3 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
System Board
AKA Motherboard
All Components Connect to It
All External Devices Connect to It
Acts as Data Path and Traffic Monitor
Provides Sockets
Connection Point For Chips
4 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
System Board Components
Chips
AKA Semiconductor, Integrated Circuit
Tiny Circuit Boards on Silicon Squares
Mounted on Carrier Packages
Slots
Connection Points for Circuit Boards
Provide Expansion Capability
Bus Lines
Communication Pathways for Components
5 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Microprocessor
AKA Central Processing Unit or Processor
Brain of the Computer System
Components
Control Unit
Directs Movement of Electronic Signals
Between Memory, ALU, Input and Output Devices
Arithmetic-logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic and Logical Operations
6 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Microprocessor Chips
Chip Capacities Expressed in Word Size
Word
Number of Bits Processed at a Time
64-bit Word Standard
Clock Speed
Processing Speed
Times Per Second CPU Processes Data
7 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Microprocessor Chips
System Clock
Processor Speed Measured by Ticks/Second
MHz – One Million Ticks/Second
Type 100 Words/Minute = 8 Characters/Second
8088 Processor @ 4.77 MHz
Character ► 50,000 Other Tasks ► Character
GHz – One Billion Ticks per Second
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Microprocessor Chips
Multi-Core Chip
Multiple Separate and Independent CPUs
Parallel Processing
Divide Tasks that can be Distributed Across Each Core
Supported by Windows 8 and Mac OS X
Coprocessors
Used to Improve Specific Operations
e.g., Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
9 Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Memory
Holding Area
For Data, Instructions, and Information
RAM (Random-access Memory)
Volatile
Holds Program Instructions and Data
That CPU is Presently Processing
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Memory
Sizes
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Memory
Cache Memory
Temporary High-speed Holding Area
Between Memory and CPU
Stores Most Frequently Used Data
ROM (Read-only Memory)
Non-volatile, Cannot be Updated
Flash Memory
Non-volatile, Can be Updated Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Expansion Slots and Cards
Allow for System Expansion
Graphics Cards
Sound Cards
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
Wireless Network Cards
Plug and Play
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Bus Lines
Pathway for Bits
Travel to/from CPU and Components
Bus Width
Number of Bits that Can Travel at Once
Categories
System Bus
Expansion Bus
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Ports
Sockets for External Devices
Connects to System Board or Cards
Standard Ports
VGA, USB, Firewire, Ethernet
Cables
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Power Supply
Convert AC to DC
Power System Unit Components
AC Adapters
Notebooks and Handhelds
Can Recharge Batteries
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Electronic Data and Instructions
Analog Signals
Represent Different Tones, Pitches, Volume
Digital Electronic Signals
Represent Two Discrete States
On / Off
Recognized By Computers
Binary is the Equivalent Numbering System
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Numeric Representation
Binary System
Bit (Binary Digit)
2 Possible Digits
On = 1; Positive Charge
Off = 0; No Charge
Byte
Eight Bits Grouped Together
Represent Letters, Numbers, Punctuation
Hexadecimal System
16 Possible Digits
3
5
D
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary
Character Encoding
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Microcomputers
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Mainframe
Unicode
Uses 16 bits
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary