Lecture 2: Introduction - ece.uprm.edurafaelr/inel6068/HFSS/HFSS_Antenna_v2015_v1/... · • Select...

Release 2015.0 May 6, 2015 1 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc.

v2015.0 Release

Lecture 2: Introduction

ANSYS HFSS for Antenna Design


Multiple Advanced Techniques Allow HFSS to Excel at a Wide Variety of Applications

Phased Array Antenna and Antenna Design Platform Integration and RCS

Integrated Mobile Devices Commercial Platform Integration Biomedical


• Finite Element Method • Enabled with HFSS

• Efficiently handles complex material and geometries

• Volume based mesh and field solutions

• Fields are explicitly solved throughout entire volume

• Frequency and Transient solutions

• Integral Equations • Enabled with HFSS-IE

• Efficient solution technique for open radiation and scattering

• Currents solved only on surface mesh

• Efficiency is achieved when structure is primarily metal

• Physical Optics • Enabled with HFSS-IE

• High frequency approximation

• Ideal for electrically large, smooth objects

• 1st order interactions

Hybrid Solutions

HFSS: Simulation Technologies

• FEM Transient • Enabled with HFSS

• Ideal for fields that change versus space and time; scattering locations


ANSYS HFSS: Finite Element Method

• High Frequency Structure Simulator

• Full-wave 3D electromagnetic field solver

• Industry leading EM simulation tool • Simulation driven product development

• Shorten design cycle

• First-pass design success

• Finite element method with adaptive mesh refinement • Provides an Automatic, Accurate and Efficient solution

• Removes requirement for manual meshing expertise


• Output quantities

– Generalized / Active S-parameters

– Antenna trace characteristics (Beamwidth, SLLs)

– Near fields and far fields

• Design automation

– Parametric modeling

– Parametric sweeps

– Optimizations

– Sensitivity and statistical analysis

– Integration with ANSYS DesignXplorer

• Advanced solver technology

• 3D Finite element

• Integral Equation Techniques

• Hybrid FEM-IE (FEBI) solver

• Physical Optics

• 2.5D MoM Solver

• Transient Analysis

• Advanced Features

• Frequency-dependent, anisotropic, non-linear, spatially dependent

• Curvilinear Mesh Elements in FEM and IE

• Screening and Layered impedance boundary conditions

• High Performance Computing

• Scalable Multi-Threading

• Distributed Parametric and Frequency Sweeps

• Distributed memory solution for large scale simulations

• Domain Decomposition for Finite Arrays and Arbitrary Geometry

• Hierarchical distributed solutions

HFSS and HFSS-IE: Offer Advanced Features for EM Design

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Ansoft Corporation arrayCo-pol in E-plane (Trace Characteristic)

m1

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Curve Info lSidelobeY lSidelobeX xdb10Beamwidth(3)dB(DirTheta)

Setup1 : LastAdaptive -5.62 -74.00 61.58

Name Theta Ang Magm1 -74.00 -74.00 -5.62m2 14.00 14.00 6.51m3 50.00 50.00 3.57m4 -10.00 -10.00 3.79

d(

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Ansoft Corporation arrayActive Return Loss

Curve InfodB(ActiveS(P1:1))

Setup1 : Sweep1dB(ActiveS(P2:1))

Setup1 : Sweep1

HFSS-IE Lossy Impedance

Boundary

Spatially Dependent Material Properties


HFSS – Overview of Solution Process

Design

Solution Type

Boundaries

Excitations

Analysis Solution Setup

Frequency Sweep

Creating Geometry Geometry/Materials

Results 2D / 3D Reports

Fields

Update

Analyze

Automatic solution process generates accurate, efficient solution

Initial Project Setup

Model Setup

Solution Setup

Viewing Results

Adaptive Mesh Generation


HFSS – Automated solution process

Adaptive Port Refinement

Solve

Quantify Mesh Accuracy

Mesh Refinement

Frequency Sweep Yes No

Max(|DS|)<goal?

Initial Mesh

Adaptive Mesh Creation

Geometry Initial Mesh Converged Mesh

Initial Mesh Refine Mesh

Electrical Mesh Seeding/Lambda Refinement

Geometric Mesh Initial Mesh

Convergence vs. Adaptive Pass

Adaptive Mesh Refinement


Example: Adaptive Meshing

• Automatic Adaptive Meshing • Provides an Automatic, Accurate and Efficient solution

• Removes requirement for manual meshing expertise

• Meshing Algorithm • Meshing algorithm adaptively refines mesh throughout geometry

• Iteratively adds mesh elements in areas where a finer mesh is needed to accurately represent field behavior

– Resulting in an accurate and efficient mesh

Convergence vs. Adaptive Pass

Mesh at each adaptive pass


Voltage

Current

0

λ/2

λ/4 λ/4 Surrounding air box

Metal Wire

Excitation

Ideal Half Wave Dipole

Far Field Radiation Pattern

Return Loss

Finite element analysis of real half wave dipole antenna using HFSS

HFSS Model of Half Wave Dipole Antenna Resonant at 1 GHz

Half Wave Dipole Example


HFSS: Getting Started

• Launching HFSS 2014.0 • To access HFSS, click the Microsoft Start button,

– Select Programs > ANSYS Electromagnetics > ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 15.0 > Windows 64-bit

– Select ANSYS HFSS.

• Setting Tool Options • Note: In order to follow the steps outlined in this example, verify that the following tool options are set :

• Select the menu item Tools > Options > Modeler Options…

– Click the Operation tab

• Use Wizards for data input when creating new boundaries: Checked

• Duplicate boundaries/mesh operations with geometry: Checked

– Click the OK button

• Select the menu item Tools > Options > Modeler Options….

– Click the Operation tab

• Select last command on object select: Checked

– Click the Display tab

• set default transparency to 0.7

– Click the Drawing tab

• Edit properties of new primitives: Checked



HFSS – Initial Project Setup

• Opening a New Project • If a new project and new design are not already opened, then:

– In HFSS Desktop, click the On the Standard toolbar, or select the menu item File > New.

– From the Project menu, select Insert HFSS Design.

• Set Solution Type • Select the menu item

HFSS > Solution Type

– Choose Driven Terminal



Frequency Sweep


Results 2D Reports

Fields

Model Setup

Solution Setup

Viewing Results

Design

Solution Type


Extra: We could have selected Driven Modal for this problem to get the same results. If we were to use the Driven Modal solution type, it would require some additional port setup that can be avoided when using Driven Terminal.


HFSS – Model Setup

Design

Solution Type


Frequency Sweep

Results 2D Reports

Fields


Solution Setup

Viewing Results

Boundaries

Excitations


Model Setup

Surrounding air box

Metal Wire

Excitation

•Metal Wire – 2 perfectly conducting cylinders with a length of approximately λ/2 •Surrounding Air Box – Air volume surrounding antenna element to allow radiation of fields, radiating boundary condition will be applied to outer surface to act as infinite free space •Excitation – Lumped port excitation applied to a rectangle drawn between each arm of dipole to provide an RF excitation to antenna element


Add Dipole Antenna Component

• Insert Dipole Antenna Geometry from 3D Library Components • Select the menu item Draw > 3D Component Library > Antennas > Dipole

• Select Dipole_Antenna_1GHz_ADK

– Note: The antenna contains parameters for antenna dimensions, these could be changed before the 3D component is inserted or after to tune the antenna performance

• Click the OK button to insert component into Global Coordinate System

• Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Or press the CTRL+D key


3D Component: Model Review

• Review of 3D Library Component: Dipole Antenna • 3D components can be inserted into any design using any of the predefined components or can be created from any user defined

geometry

– This Dipole antenna geometry created from the 3D component library contains geometry and excitation that defined a dipole antenna

• It does not include the geometry for an air volume surrounding the antenna

• The dipole antenna 3D component is fully parameterized and the geometry can be changed at any time by highlighting the component instance from the model tree

Excitation Included in 3D Component Model

3D Component Instance

3D Component Geometry


Create Air Box

• Create Air box

• Select the menu item Draw > Region

– Padding Type: Absolute Offset

– Value: 75 mm


• Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Or press the CTRL+D key

Note: Air box sizing is chosen to approximately λ/4 away from radiating

element. This is the suggested distance when using an Absorbing Boundary

Condition (ABC).

The finite element method only solves what is drawn in the model, if we want

an air volume around the antenna element, we need to include this geometry

in the simulation.


Add Radiation Boundary

• Add a Radiation Boundary to Air box • Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name

– Select the object named: Region


• Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign > Radiation…

• Click the OK button

Note: Radiation boundary assignment can be visualized by selecting the boundary condition in the Project Manager window. The radiation boundary acts as a way to extend and make the model look like it is surrounded by infinite free space.


HFSS – Solution Process

Design

Solution Type


Results 2D Reports

Fields


Model Setup

Viewing Results


Frequency Sweep

Analyze

Solution Setup


Analysis Setup

• Creating an Analysis Setup • Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup…

• Click the General tab:

• Solution Frequency: 1 GHz

• Maximum Number of Passes: 6

• Maximum Delta S: 0.02

• Click the Options tab:

• Select order of basis functions: First Order


Add Solution Setup

Note: The solution setup controls how the Adaptive Analysis is performed. • The Solution Frequency indicates what frequency the

solutions are evaluated and impacts the size of the initial mesh.

• Maximum Delta S controls accuracy of the process by indicating the allowable variation between consecutive meshes. It determines when the meshing process stops

• The Maximum Number of Passes indicates the maximum times through the adaptive meshing process before proceeding to the frequency sweep analysis. HFSS will proceed to the frequency sweep regardless of it meeting the Delta S convergence criteria.


Analysis Setup

• Adding a Frequency Sweep • Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Frequency Sweep…

– Select Solution Setup: Setup1


• Edit Sweep Window:

– Sweep Type: Interpolating

– Frequency Setup Type: Linear Step

• Start: 0.8 GHz

• Stop: 1.2 GHz

• Step Size: 0.01 GHz


Add Sweep


Analyze

• Save Project • Select the menu item File > Save As

• Filename: dipole.hfss

• Click the Save button

• Model Validation • Select the menu item HFSS > Validation Check

• Click the Close button

Note: To view any errors or warning messages, look at the Message Manager window.

• Analyze • Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze All

• After analysis is complete save the project

• Select the menu item File > Save

• Review solution Data • Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Solution Data

• Select the Profile tab to view solution information

• Select the Convergence tab to show convergence, solved element count, and maximum Delta S

• Select Matrix Data tab to view S-parameters and Port impedance

• Click the Close button

Validate Analyze All

Solution Data


Solution Process: Review

Adaptive Port Refinement

Solve

Quantify Mesh Accuracy

Mesh Refinement

Frequency Sweep Yes No

Max(|DS|)<goal?

Adaptive Mesh Creation

Electrical Mesh Seeding/Lambda Refinement

Geometric Mesh Initial Mesh

Initial Mesh

Adaptive Mesh Refinement


Plot Mesh

• Plotting the Mesh • Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name

– Select the object named: Region


• Select the menu item HFSS > Fields > Plot Mesh

• Create Clip Plane to View Mesh Throughout Region • Right click on the Global:YZ plane in the design modeler

tree

• Select Add Clip Plane from the context menu

• This will display a clip plane window with options

• A clip plane anchor will be displayed, moussing over this anchor in different area’s will the clip plane view to be manipulated

• When the mouse is highlighted over the center of the clip plane anchor, the anchor will display a yellow arrow, with the yellow arrow displayed you can click and drag to offset the clip plane view

Clip Plane Anchor Movements

Offset within plane Offset normal to plane Rotate


HFSS – Post Processing

Design

Solution Type


Frequency Sweep



Model Setup

Solution Setup

Results 2D Reports

Fields

Viewing Results


• Create Reports • Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create Terminal Solution Data Report> Rectangular Plot

– Solution: Setup1: Sweep

– Domain: Sweep

• Category: Terminal S Parameter

• Quantity: St(Dipole_Antenna_1GHz_ADK_port1, Dipole_Antenna_1GHz_ADK_port1)

• Function: dB

• Click New Report button

– Click Close button

Post Processing – Create S-Parameter Report


Post Processing – 2D Radiation Plot

• Create a Radiation Setup • Select the menu item HFSS > Radiation > Insert Far Field Setup > Infinite Sphere

• Name: ff_2d

• Phi: Start: 0, Stop: 90, Step Size: 90

• Theta: Start: -180, Stop: 180, Step Size: 2


• Note: A radiation setup is required in order to create far-field reports, this can be done before or after the simulation has been run. The choice of Phi and Theta angles here will result in only cuts in the principal planes.

• Create 2D Radiation Plot • Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create Far Fields Report> Radiation Pattern

• New Report Window:

– Solution: Setup1: Last Adaptive

– Geometry: ff_2d

• Category: Gain

• Quantity: GainTotal

• Function: dB




Post Processing – 2D Radiation Plot

• Create a Radiation Setup • Select the menu item HFSS > Radiation > Insert Far Field Setup > Infinite Sphere

• Name: ff_3d

• Phi: (Start: 0, Stop: 360, Step Size: 5)

• Theta: (Start: 0, Stop: 180, Step Size: 5)


• Note: We didn’t need to create 2 separate radiation setups, instead we could have used a single 3D pattern setup and create 2D and 3D plots from the same setup by selecting the correct phi and theta angles to be swept in the report creation window.

• Create 3D Polar Plot • Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create Far Fields Report> 3D Polar Plot

• New Report Window:

– Solution: Setup1: Last Adaptive

– Geometry: ff_3d Note: Make sure to select the correct radiation setup

• Category: Gain

• Quantity: GainTotal

• Function: dB




• Return to 3D modeler • To return to the 3D modeler window, go to the menu HFSS > 3D Model Editor

or double click on the design name

• Create Field Overlay • From the 3D Model tree, expand the Planes

• From the tree, select the Global YZ

• Select the menu item HFSS > Fields > Plot Fields > E > Mag_E

– Solution: Setup1 : LastAdaptive

– Quantity: Mag_E

– Click the Done button

• Select the menu item HFSS > Fields > Modify Plot Attributes

– Select E Field in Plot Folder Window, Click the OK button

– E-Field Window:

• Click the Scale tab

– Scale: Log

• If real time mode is not checked, click the Apply button.

– Click the Close button

• To Animate the field plot:

– Select the menu item HFSS > Fields> Animate


Post Processing – Field Overlay


• Turn off previous field overlay • Select the menu item: View > Visibility > Active View Visibility

• Select tab: FieldsReporter uncheck visibility of all plots

• Create Radiation Pattern Overlay • Right click on the 3D modeler window to display context menu

• From the context menu select: Plot Fields >Radiation Field…

– Select Visible for the 3D Polar Plot that was created in a previous slide

– Set the Scale: 0.2 and select Apply

– Select: Close

Post Processing – Radiation Pattern Overlay

Lecture 2: Introduction - ece.uprm.edurafaelr/inel6068/HFSS/HFSS_Antenna_v2015_v1/... · • Select...

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