8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

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Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

1

Outline of the Lecture

Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

Components of a Digital Image Processing System

Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 1111 983113983149983137983143983141 983105983139983153983157983145983155983145983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983105983139983153983157983145983155983145983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983105983139983153983157983145983155983145983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983105983139983153983157983145983155983145983156983145983151983150983098

bull In this step the image is captured by a sensor (such as a monochrome or color

TV camera) and digitized if the output of the camera or sensor is not already

in digital form- an analog-to-digital converter ( ADC) digitizes it

o Camera

Camera consists of 2 parts

A lens that collects the appropriate type of radiation emitted from the

object of interest and that forms an image of the real object

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

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Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

2

Semiconductor device ndash so called charged coupled device or CCD

which converts the irradiance at the image plan into an electrical signalo

Frame Grabber

Frame Grabber only needs circuits to digitize the electrical signal (standard

video signal) from imaging sensor to store the image in the memory (RAM)

of the computer

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 2222 983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098

bull

Image Enhancement is the process of manipulating an image so that the result

is more suitable than the original for specific applications Enhancement techniques

are so varied and use so many different image processing approaches

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983091983091983091983091 983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098

bull Improving the appearance of the image

bull Tend to be mathematical or probabilities models of image

degradation

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983092983092983092983092 983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098

bull Use the color of the image to extract features of interest in an image

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983093983093983093983093

983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098bull Used in image data compression and pyramidal representation

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983094983094983094983094 983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098

bull

Techniques Compression for

o

Reducing the storage required to save an image

o Reducing the size of the image to transmit it (JPEG Standard) with

suitable bandwidth required for transmission

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983095983095983095983095 983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098

bull Morphological Processing are the tools for extracting image components that

are useful in the representation and description of shape983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983096983096983096983096 983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098

bull Computer tries to separate objects from the image background

bull It is one of the most difficult tasks in DIP

bull Segmentation kinds

o

Autonomous Segmentation

o Rugged Segmentation (long process to get successful solution)

o

Erratic Segmentation

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983097983097983097983097 983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098

bull

Representation makes a decision whether the data should be represented as a boundary or as a complete region

o Boundary Representation focuses on external shape

characteristics such as corners and inflections

o Region Representation focuses on internal properties such as

texture or skeleton shape

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 10101010 983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098

bull Recognition is the process that assigns label to an object based on the

information provided by its descriptors

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 34

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

3

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 11111111 983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098

bull

The Knowledge base also controls the interaction between modules

The knowledge about a problem is coded into an image processing system in the

form of a Knowledge base

Components of a Digital Image Processing System

1111

983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155 Physical device that is sensitive to the energy radiated by the object

Digitizer that converts the output of the physical sensing device into digital

form

2222 983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141

Specialized Image Processing Hardware usually consists of the digitizers and

hardware that performs other primitive operations such as arithmetic logic unit

(ALU) Speed is the most important parameter (30 frames sec)

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Specialized Image Processing Software is specialized modules that perform

specific tasks

983092983092983092983092

983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983098983098983098983098 Image processing system from computer to a supercomputer 983093983093983093983093 983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141 983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098

It is a must in image processing applications (image size of 1024x1024 pixels

with intensity level for each pixel 8 bits requires one Megabyte for saving)

Mass Storage categories

o Short-term storage for use during processing

o On-line storage for relatively fast operations

o

Archival storage for infrequent access

983094983094983094983094 983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983155983155983155983155983098983098983098983098 Flat screen TV monitors

7 983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983098983098983098983098

devices for recording images laser printers film cameras CD-ROMdisk others

983096983096983096983096 983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098 the key parameter is the bandwidth

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 44

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

4

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 24

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

2

Semiconductor device ndash so called charged coupled device or CCD

which converts the irradiance at the image plan into an electrical signalo

Frame Grabber

Frame Grabber only needs circuits to digitize the electrical signal (standard

video signal) from imaging sensor to store the image in the memory (RAM)

of the computer

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 2222 983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098983113983149983137983143983141 983109983150983144983137983150983139983141983149983141983150983156983098

bull

Image Enhancement is the process of manipulating an image so that the result

is more suitable than the original for specific applications Enhancement techniques

are so varied and use so many different image processing approaches

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983091983091983091983091 983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983122983141983155983156983151983154983137983156983145983151983150983098

bull Improving the appearance of the image

bull Tend to be mathematical or probabilities models of image

degradation

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983092983092983092983092 983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983107983151983148983151983154 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098

bull Use the color of the image to extract features of interest in an image

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983093983093983093983093

983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098983127983137983158983141983148983141983156983155983098bull Used in image data compression and pyramidal representation

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983094983094983094983094 983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098983107983151983149983152983154983141983155983155983145983151983150983098

bull

Techniques Compression for

o

Reducing the storage required to save an image

o Reducing the size of the image to transmit it (JPEG Standard) with

suitable bandwidth required for transmission

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983095983095983095983095 983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098983117983151983154983152983144983151983148983151983143983145983139983137983148 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143983098

bull Morphological Processing are the tools for extracting image components that

are useful in the representation and description of shape983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983096983096983096983096 983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150983098

bull Computer tries to separate objects from the image background

bull It is one of the most difficult tasks in DIP

bull Segmentation kinds

o

Autonomous Segmentation

o Rugged Segmentation (long process to get successful solution)

o

Erratic Segmentation

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 983097983097983097983097 983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983152983154983141983155983141983150983156983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983108983141983155983139983154983145983152983156983145983151983150983098

bull

Representation makes a decision whether the data should be represented as a boundary or as a complete region

o Boundary Representation focuses on external shape

characteristics such as corners and inflections

o Region Representation focuses on internal properties such as

texture or skeleton shape

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 10101010 983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983113983150983156983141983154983152983154983141983156983137983156983145983151983150983098

bull Recognition is the process that assigns label to an object based on the

information provided by its descriptors

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 34

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

3

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 11111111 983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098

bull

The Knowledge base also controls the interaction between modules

The knowledge about a problem is coded into an image processing system in the

form of a Knowledge base

Components of a Digital Image Processing System

1111

983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155 Physical device that is sensitive to the energy radiated by the object

Digitizer that converts the output of the physical sensing device into digital

form

2222 983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141

Specialized Image Processing Hardware usually consists of the digitizers and

hardware that performs other primitive operations such as arithmetic logic unit

(ALU) Speed is the most important parameter (30 frames sec)

983091983091983091983091 983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141

Specialized Image Processing Software is specialized modules that perform

specific tasks

983092983092983092983092

983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983098983098983098983098 Image processing system from computer to a supercomputer 983093983093983093983093 983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141 983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098

It is a must in image processing applications (image size of 1024x1024 pixels

with intensity level for each pixel 8 bits requires one Megabyte for saving)

Mass Storage categories

o Short-term storage for use during processing

o On-line storage for relatively fast operations

o

Archival storage for infrequent access

983094983094983094983094 983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983155983155983155983155983098983098983098983098 Flat screen TV monitors

7 983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983098983098983098983098

devices for recording images laser printers film cameras CD-ROMdisk others

983096983096983096983096 983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098 the key parameter is the bandwidth

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 44

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

4

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 34

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

3

983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152983123983156983141983152 11111111 983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098983115983150983151983159983148983141983140983143983141 983138983137983155983141983098

bull

The Knowledge base also controls the interaction between modules

The knowledge about a problem is coded into an image processing system in the

form of a Knowledge base

Components of a Digital Image Processing System

1111

983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155983113983149983137983143983141 983123983141983150983155983151983154983155 Physical device that is sensitive to the energy radiated by the object

Digitizer that converts the output of the physical sensing device into digital

form

2222 983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983112983137983154983140983159983137983154983141

Specialized Image Processing Hardware usually consists of the digitizers and

hardware that performs other primitive operations such as arithmetic logic unit

(ALU) Speed is the most important parameter (30 frames sec)

983091983091983091983091 983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141983123983152983141983139983145983137983148983145983162983141983140 983113983149983137983143983141 983120983154983151983139983141983155983155983145983150983143 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141

Specialized Image Processing Software is specialized modules that perform

specific tasks

983092983092983092983092

983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983107983151983149983152983157983156983141983154983098983098983098983098 Image processing system from computer to a supercomputer 983093983093983093983093 983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141983117983137983155983155 983123983156983151983154983137983143983141 983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098983107983137983152983137983138983145983148983145983156983161983098

It is a must in image processing applications (image size of 1024x1024 pixels

with intensity level for each pixel 8 bits requires one Megabyte for saving)

Mass Storage categories

o Short-term storage for use during processing

o On-line storage for relatively fast operations

o

Archival storage for infrequent access

983094983094983094983094 983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983113983149983137983143983141 983108983145983155983152983148983137983161983155983155983155983155983098983098983098983098 Flat screen TV monitors

7 983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983112983137983154983140983139983151983152983161983098983098983098983098

devices for recording images laser printers film cameras CD-ROMdisk others

983096983096983096983096 983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098983118983141983156983159983151983154983147983145983150983143983098 the key parameter is the bandwidth

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 44

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

4

8212019 Lecture 2 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllecture-2-fundamental-steps-in-digital-image-processing 44

Dr Qadri Hamarsheh

4