Lecture 2 Building Elements Trades and Specifications(2)

8/18/2019 Lecture 2 Building Elements Trades and Specifications(2)

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Propose the Schedule of

Elements, Sub-Elements of

the building


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Contents:

1.0 Building Elements

2.0 Building Trades

3.0 Specifications

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Tutorial 1: Building Elements, Sub-

Elements, Trades & Specifications


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At the completion of this lecture, students are expected to be

able to:

Identify the building elements and sub-elements of a

building

The trades that are involved in the construction of each

building element and sub-element

Write a brief specification for each building element


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Why need specification?

To get contractors to understand and agree upon all requirements of theproject.

What is a Specification?

A type of a standard which is often referenced by a contract or tenderdocument. It provides the necessary details about the specificrequirements.

What needs to be included in a Specification?- Title and scope of the specification- Importance of the specification and its intended use.

- Terminology and definitions - clarify the meanings of thespecification

- Materials, labour or workmanship, environmental, safetyrequirements and testing (Certification) of materials or equipmentused in the project


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Building Elements

• Building Components can be systematically broken down

into elements and sub-elements

• Purpose – to facilitate the development of each detail

design and to specify each of them

• Serves to breakdown the typical Building Construction

Cost Components

• Format/structure of the breakdown of the building

elements and sub-elements are carried through in theBills of Quantities in the Tender Documents and Contract

Documents


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Building Elements Building Sub-Elements

Building Trades


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A. Substructure:

Piling

Excavation for Pile Cap/Pad Foundation (Concrete,

Formwork & Reinforcement)

Column Stump (Concrete, Formwork & Reinforcement)

Ground Beam (Concrete, Formwork & Reinforcement)

Ground Floor Slab (Hardcore, Concrete, Formwork &Reinforcement)

Building Works

Elemental Sub-components


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B. Superstructure:

Ground-1st Floor Columns: Reinforced Concrete

(Concrete, Formwork & Reinforcement), Steel,

1st Floor Beams: Ditto

1st Floor Slab: Reinforced Concrete (Concrete, Formwork

& Reinforcement), Steel Decking Floor

Staircase; Reinforced concrete (Concrete, Formwork &Reinforcement), Steel, Timber

(Ditto – Repeat if more than 2-storey)

OR

Brickwall/reinforced concrete

Building Works



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C. Roof:Roof Truss (Timber or metal truss)Roof Coverings (Concrete Tiles, Clay Tiles, Metal Sheet Roof etc.)

Rainwater Goods (Rainwater Gutter/Downpipe, Flashings)

D. Walls

Monolithic concreteBrickwork / Blockwork (Bricks/Blocks and mortar)

Panel walls (Timber or metal)

E. DoorsDoor Leaf

Door FrameIronmongery

Building Works



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C. Roof:Roof Truss (Timber or metal truss)Roof Coverings (Concrete Tiles, Clay Tiles, Metal

Sheet Roof etc.)

Rainwater Goods (Rainwater Gutter/Downpipe,

Flashings)

Building Works



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D. WindowsWindow Leaf (Casement/Louvres/Sash)

Door Frame (Timber/metal)

Ironmongery

Building Works



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E. DoorsDoor Leaf

Door Frame (Timber/metal)

Ironmongery

Building Works



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F. FinishesFloor

Wall

Ceiling

Building Works



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I. Services:Plumbing & Sanitary

Electrical Works

Air-Conditioning

Building Works



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J. External Building Works: Apron

External Finishes

Building Works



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A. Driveway &Pavement

Excavation

Base-course

Sub-base/Sub-grade

PremixPavement Blocks)

B. External DrainageDrains

Culvert

Sump

Building Works



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Building Trades are the classification of works inconstruction undertaken by specific construction worker groups/specialists.

May comprise of teams of workers headed by‘Kepala’

Can be skilled or semi-skilled or just ‘general worker’

Forms a key terms of reference in the calculationof ‘Daywork Rates’ and ‘Schedule of Rates’ in

construction contracts


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Classification of Trades: Excavator Bricklayer/Block layer Mason Carpenter Joiner Ceiling Fixer Tiler Electrician Foreman Ganger Groundworker Labourer Painter/Decorator Plasterer Plumber Scaffolder Steel Fixer

Lecture 2 Building Elements Trades and Specifications(2)

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Transcript of Lecture 2 Building Elements Trades and Specifications(2)