Lecture 2
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Polymer & Process Engineering Department University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore Prof. Dr.G.M.Mamoor I& Control 06/06/2 2 1 Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore Process Dynamics & Control Lecture-2 Control Objectives and Benefits
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Transcript of Lecture 2
Polymer & Process Engineering Department
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
Prof. Dr.G.M.Mamoor
I& Control
04/07/23 1Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Process Dynamics & Control
Lecture-2Control Objectives and Benefits
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Dynamics and Control
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Dynamics - time varying behaviour of a process
Control - achieve desired conditions in a system by adjusting selected variables
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Example - Shower
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Hot Cold
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Example - Shower
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FI
TI
Process Flow Diagram
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Example - Shower
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
controlled variables - variables to be regulated total flow, temperature
manipulated variables - variables that are adjusted Position of hot water tap Position of cold water tap
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Example – Salt Tank Experiment
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
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Example - Tank Lab Experiment
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
controlled variables - level- salt concentration - inferred from conductivity
manipulated variables- concentrated salt flow rate (pump)- exit flow rate (pump)
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Topics for this lecture
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore8
Recognize examples of the seven (7)control objectives in chemical processes indicators of variability in a process variable calculate the economic impact of variability
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Outline of the Talk.
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore9
• Seven (7) Control Objectives1. Safety2. Environmental protection3. Equipment protection4. Smooth operation5. Product quality6. Profit7. Monitoring and diagnosis
• Variability measures• Economic impact of variability
• Workshop
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Components of the Shower Control System
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Desired Values or Setpoints - target values for flow and temperature
Sensors to measure process conditions - skin and eyes
Control Algorithm to determine corrective action fundamental knowledge and intuition
Final Control Elements adjusted position of taps
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Example - Tank Lab Experiment
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
controlled variables - level- salt concentration - inferred from conductivity
manipulated variables- concentrated salt flow rate (pump)- exit flow rate (pump)
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Components of the Shower Control System
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Desired Values or Setpoints - target values for flow and temperature
Sensors to measure process conditions - skin and eyes
Control Algorithm to determine corrective action fundamental knowledge and intuition
Final Control Elements adjusted position of taps
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Example – Shower
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
TI
FI
sensors
final controlelements
I want a hot shower
setpointFor hotter shower,turn HW tap clockwise
controlalgo.
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Systems Approach – Salt Tank Experiment
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
water brine sol’n
effluent
AI
LI
inputs - concentrated salt flow, exit flow, inlet water flow outputs - level, salt concentration states - level, salt concentration, temperature, pressure input/output designation does not always match
physical direction of flow
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Systems Approach – Salt Tank Experiment
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
brine flow
exit flow
tap water flow
(changes due topressure fluctuations)
{manipulatedvariableinputs
{disturbanceinput
Salt Tank
salt conc.leveltemperaturepressure
INPUTS OUTPUTS
exit salt conc.
level
STATES
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Feedback Control
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Use measurements of process outputs and some sort of algorithm to determine changes to the inputs of the same process
Feedback controllers act to reduce differences between the setpoint and the measured values of outputs. This is called negative feedback.
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Example – Shower
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
TI
FI
final controlelements
I want a hot shower
setpointFor hotter shower,turn HW tap to right
controlalgo.
Feedback loop
sensors
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Process Control at an Industrial Plant
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Sensors, local indicators, and valves in the process
Displays of hundreds of variables, calculations, and commands to valves are in the centralized control centre.
Central control room
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EXAMPLE PROCESS: FLASH SEPARATION
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Feedforward Control
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Combined FB/FF Control
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Control Hardware Elements
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Classification of Variables
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Variable Types: Example
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