Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.
-
Upload
regina-tucker -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
1
Transcript of Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.
![Page 1: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 16 Allergy
•Hay fever 20%•Asthma ~5%
![Page 2: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Figure 10-1
![Page 3: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
(hives)
Allergies
4 types of hypersensitivity reactions
![Page 4: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Delayed-type hypersensitivityImmune complex disease
![Page 5: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Type I hypersensitivity-
mediated by mast-cell degranulation.
Preformed granules contain histamine,
heparin, TNF, chondroitin sulfate, neutral proteases,
and other.
Mucosal mast cell/Connective tissue mast cell
![Page 6: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Figure 10-4
![Page 7: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Figure 10-5Ingranules
Produced after
activation
![Page 8: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Histamine
Binds to histamine receptors: H1, H2, H3-cell-type specific
Binding to H1 on: endothelial cells (increased permeability); smooth muscle (contraction); mucosal epithelium (mucus secretion)
![Page 9: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mediators
Neutral proteases activate Metalloproteases - remodeling of the extracellular matrix
TNF- inflammation
Lipid Mediators (PGD2, LTC4) - inflammation
Chemokines (MIP-1) - chemotaxis of leukocytes
Cytokines - Production of eosinophils, Th2 cells
Proteoglycans, heparin and chondroitin - sequester mediators, and effect a timed release
![Page 10: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes
PGD2- vessel dilation and permeability and chemoattractant for neutrophils
LTC4- same as histamine, but 100x more potent - late response. Leukotrienes used to be called Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis - SRS-A
![Page 11: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biologic effects of mediators
![Page 12: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biological effects of Eosinophil mediatorsLate stage of an allergic response includes the
recruitment of eosinophils and Th2 cells contrast with
a DTH (type IV) response which includes infiltration of macrophages and Th1 cells
![Page 13: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Eosinophils
![Page 14: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Figure 10-9 part 1 of 2
Products released by eosinophils
![Page 15: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Figure 10-10
![Page 16: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure 10-12
![Page 17: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Figure 10-14
![Page 18: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Figure 10-16
FEV1 - the forced expiratory volume of air in one second
![Page 19: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Figure 10-18
![Page 20: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Systemic anaphylaxis
![Page 21: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Use of adrenaline to counteract the effects of
system anaphylaxisIn anaphylactic shock, blood vessels leak, bronchial tissues swell and blood pressure drops, causing choking and collapse. Adrenaline (epinephrine) acts quickly to constrict blood vessels, relax smooth muscles in the lungs to improve breathing, stimulate the heartbeat and help to stop swelling around the face and lips (angioedema).
![Page 22: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Asthma
![Page 23: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Figure 10-22 part 1 of 2
![Page 24: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Figure 10-22 part 2 of 2
![Page 25: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Histopathology of bronchial asthma
![Page 26: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Treatment of asthma
![Page 27: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
New therapy for asthma and allergy: blocking the Fc portion of IgE from binding to the FcR on mast cells
![Page 28: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ragweed
Control
Histamine
Skin test for allergy
![Page 29: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Food allergies
![Page 30: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Type II hypersensitivityis caused by antibodies to
altered cell-surface components
![Page 31: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Figure 10-27
![Page 32: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Type III hypersensitivity reactions (Arthus Reaction)
Antibody-Antigen Complexes
Critical mediators appear to be C5a-receptor and FcRIII--probably present on mast cells
![Page 33: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Figure 10-31
![Page 34: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Figure 10-29
![Page 35: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Figure 10-32
![Page 36: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Type IV hypersensitivity - Delayed-type hypersensitivity
![Page 37: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Figure 10-34
Also, note time scaleWhat is missing from this scheme?
![Page 38: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Figure 10-35
![Page 39: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Figure 10-36
![Page 40: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Lecture 16 Allergy Hay fever 20% Asthma ~5%. Figure 10-1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94c003d7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Figure 10-23