Lecture 14 : Environment and Nutrition A decrease in the ecological preservation and abandonment is...
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Transcript of Lecture 14 : Environment and Nutrition A decrease in the ecological preservation and abandonment is...
Lecture 14 : Environment and Nutrition
A decrease in the ecological preservation and abandonment is valued in the nutrition education.
Food safetyPoisoningLOAELNOAELUpper bound value
Depletion of the ozone layer (Change in the South Pole in ozonosphere)
UL , NOAEL,LOAEL
UL NOAEL LOAEL
UL= tolerable upper intake level
NOAEL=no observed adverse effect level
LOAEL=lowest observed adverse effect level
Distribution curve of habitual intake
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.24
Group with existence of risk of health problems by
excessive intake in potential
Group where risk of health problems by excessive
intake exists
Group that takes amount from which health
problems by excessive intake are reported
LOAEL ( lowest observed adverse effect level) means the minimum value of the amount to which it is known that health problems appeared. It is said LOAEL== minimum toxicity amount = amount of the lowest health problems appearance. Such health problems collects and refers to the case of an excessive intake from supplement etc
LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level
Amount of upper bound of nutrient intake that almost all people upper bound value (tolerable upper intake level: UL) occasionally cause health problems by excessive intake. Value in which NOAEL is divided by uncertain factor (UF: uncertain factor). There is UF up to iron of folic acid of copper, phosphorus, and 1.2 of one calciums and twining 5 and 10 molybdenums and twining 30. Value in which LOAEL when reported on example of health problems appearance syndrome by excessive intake is divided by 10(=UF).
UL,NOAEL and LOAEL
NOAEL=Amount of health problems non-appearanceLOAEL = Amount of the lowest health problems appearance
Allergy
Relation between amount of chemical and toxicity
attack attackattack
The attack decreases rather in high density
Amount of chemicalssmall large
It gets sick by the receptivity of the individual even if the density is low. It gets sick at sensitive time of the embryo and the infancy, etc.
Idea of past toxicityIt gets sick when a constant amount is exceeded
Sic
k le
vel a
nd
sev
erit
y o
f sy
mp
tom
s
Endocrine-disrupting chemical Sick building syndrome
Acute toxicityTeratogenicity
Immunity decreaseCarcinogenesis
Poisoned originating material according to age
Natural poison OthersIndustrial products
Home products
Medicine
Agriculturalchemicals
Less than 1 y.o.
1-5 y.o.
6-19 y.o.
20-64 y.o.65 y.o.
or more
Acute poisoning discovery situation (Source "Japan poisoning information center“)
Treatment for poisoning and emergency measures
Confirmation of the causative agent
Emergency measure
What you drank, and what you breathed in are judged from surrounding circumstances. The amount drunk from the amount of the remainder is judged
Water and milk are drunk. It is made to stimulate the interior of the throat and to vomit
Environmental problems are the top priority of the 21st century
Severe problems for everybody on the earth
It is not possible to steer around in environmental problems for the corporate activity
Change the economical activity manufacturing efficiency to environmental protection
Environment
Enterprise Dweller
How is the agreement
applied?
Maintenance of environmentDweller's needs for comfortable life
Pursuit of profit of enterprise
Where is the agreement point?
Reflection to activity of economic priority
Earth is crying!!
Depletion of ozone layer
Pollution by chemicals
Desertification
Global warming
Destruction of tropical forests
Air pollution, Acid rain
Garbage, Waste issuesRain of ph5 or less is called acid rain. It is generated by the carbon dioxide exhausted along with the incineration of the fossil fuel.Immediate damage becomes fishes' extinction by the acidification of the lake and the destruction of the forest and appears
The soil was lost and the reproduction power was lost with desertification. The reproduction power of the soil is lost by the passed pasturing etc. that exceed the productive capacity of the soil, and the production of crops becomes impossible
Rapid destruction is advanced because of deforestation, the road, and the dam development etc. of the fire agriculture and wood. It causes the living thing species extinction, and the cause of the generation of a large amount of CO2
Phenomenon of atmospheric temperature's balance of heat budget of the earth collapsing and risingIt is expected that there is a region where the country disappears by the rise in sea levels, too, when Global warming progresses
The water resource and the sea have been polluted by the garbage exhausted every day and the chemical unlawfully renounced. The pollution eats the fish as a drinking water and it gnaws at man's body directly and indirectly
The life of every day is an activity that invents garbage. How is it disposed of of a large amount of generated garbage?The disposal of the current state is only buried under the place that doesn't attract public attention. And, is it good?
When the fluorocarbon widely used reaches the stratosphere, it is resolved because of ultraviolet rays, and chlorine is generated and the ozonosphere is destroyed. As a result, it is said that the amount of ultraviolet rays increases and the result of an increase of the cutaneous carcinoma etc. is increased
Idea of “Spaceship Earth”
Rich life of disorder.It was waste of the resource "Environment"
② Spaceman economyThe thing in the spaceship disappears as long as all limited, special device is not done some time. Carbon dioxide and the excrement that man puts out pollute the inside of the spaceship. Being develop the system that reduces waste to the production process in the future, and not destroying the ecosystem become important. It is an age of the spaceman economy.
① Cowboy economyEconomy in age of development in the American west in age without necessity for quite worry about depletion of resources
2 Economic types the Doctor explains
Economics person Kenneth E. Boulding in US presented the idea "Spaceship Earth" by lecturing on "Resources Association for the future" in 1966
Total Africa Europe Asia Oceania NorthCentralamerica
Southamerica
Decrease about 94 million ha in 1990’s(2.5 times as Japanese land)
Source : “State of the world's forests 2001” FAO
(million ha)
Forest decrease (Change of world forest area)
Depletion of ozone layer happens because of an increase of fluorocarbon and the methane, ultraviolet rays increases, and the frequency of the cutaneous carcinoma increases
1974 2003
Depletion of the ozone layer (Change in the South Pole in ozonosphere)
Global warming ( Difference of average year of the average ground temperature of year in the world : Only land )
year
Moving average for five years and blue lines of each age show the long-term change tendency in a value of each age and a yellow line in the bar chart
Tem
per
atu
re a
vera
ge
year
dif
fere
nce
()
℃
Ecosystem : The first and second production
Solar radiation
1st production
2nd production
Collector
Predator
Glaser Shredder
Plant, Algae
Organic plant
Bluntly and grainy organisms
Dissolved organisms
Minute and grainy organisms
Predator : Only the aquatic insect here.
Pyramid of “The feeding chain”
The tops are “human beings” and
Carnivore
Resolver, Soil insect, Fallen leaf, etc.
Corpse, Excrement, Fallen leaf, etc
Resolver
Producer
First consumer
Second consumer
Third consumer
Higher consumer
Soil insect and fungi, etc. that resolve Corpse and fallen leaf, etc
Living thing that can produce organisms with water and carbon dioxide by using energy of the sun
Animal that eats grass and his nut that producer invents
Animal that eats “First consumer”
Animal that eats “Second consumer”
Animal that eats “Second and third consumer”
What’s activity concepts?
Proposal to enterprise
Mediation with the administration
Enlightenment to dweller
Environmentpreservation activity
Society
Environmental forumOrganization paper
issue
Antenna shopof Eco products
Enter-prise
Life
Aiming at the society gives priority “Safety and health than convenience and the comfort of the viewpoint”“Children's futures than interests of the viewpoint”
Holding of eco-eventExperience classroom
Study meeting
Environmental investigationMonitoring activities
Holding of environmental recovery activity
Project and holding of regional activitiesCoordinated cooperation with the administration
Watch of company activitiesAssistance to eco-activity
Verification of product related to environmentProposal of commercialization
Afforestation activity to mountain
Cleanup activity of river
Administ-ration
Resource recycleDevice not made
Garbage. Maintenance Of social system
Collecting wastesHow do you classify it?
Life that doesn't put out garbage
Resource saving type commodityEnvironment friendly
commodity. Simplification of packing and wrapping
LegislatingMaking to restriction
Natural environment is maintained.Life and the
harmony of nature
are measured.
Refuse incineration
Dioxin
Into human body from foods
Circulation of dioxin
Vegetable, Grain
Eating
Accumulation In seawater
Accumulation in soil
From soil to sea and river
Plankton
Smallfish
Fish
Smallparticle
Largeparticle In
to r
iver
by
rain
ing
Structures of typical dioxin
Carbon
Chlorine
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Four chloridization GebenzoparageokishinExample
The main carcinogen and poisonous substance contained in cigarette
Tar (generically)NicotineAmmoniaCarbon monoxide
Hazardous substances
Source : “Non-smoking Date book” (1997)
Carcin
og
en (m
g/p
iece) H
aza
rdo
us
su
bs
tan
ce
(mg
/piece)
Benzo(a)pyreneDimethylnitrosamine
DiethylnitrosamineN'-nitro-xonor-nicotine
Quinoline
Main smoke plume
Sub smoke plume
Electron
Unpaired electron
nuclear nuclear
nuclear
A free radical is reactive with other materials
The active oxygen is a reactive oxygen compound
ROSReactive Oxygen Species
不対電子
不対電子
Single paragraph enzyme
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydroxy radical
Oxygen Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen Oxygen
Enzyme Enzyme
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Superoxydoanine
Unpaired electron
Unpaired electron
Shortened service life of drosophila under the oxygen 50% one atmospheric pressure
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 25 50 75 100Days
Liv
ing
ra
te
GroupOf contrast
50% oxygengroup
Oxygen is indispensable into the energy of the human body. An excessive intake makes the active oxygen and is harmful
If a personBaby retina syndrome
Lungs trouble
Various diseases are caused The defense response is caused
Aging, Carcinogenesis, Arteriosclerosis, Diabetic,
Nephritis, Cataract,Fat hepatitis etc
Adaptive response etc
ActiveOxygen
ActiveOxygenantioxidant
antioxidant
Injury is generated. Oxidation stress
Injury doesn't occur even if an active oxygen and a free radical have been
generated
The active oxygen is generated by the aerobic metabolism and the bacteriocidal Action and defends the trouble by the balance with the anti-oxidation power
The main action point of the nucleic acid by the active oxygen is Deokishiganosh in OHdG. Oxygen in the 8th place enters, and it eight .eight-hydorox
ydeoxyganoshin.-becomes OHdG.The transmission of information on the gene is obstructed
正常遺伝子中の Cancer, lifestyle related disease, and aging
dG 8-OHdG
Because 8- OHdG in DNA is excluded and goes out in urine, it uses it excessive to move and to diagnose the oxidation stress
Radioactivity, smoking, pollution, asbestos, excessive movement, infection, and internal organs obesity
Active oxygen
In the normal gene
Destruction action of active oxygen and vitamin
and inorganic quality of anti-oxidation
= 8 ー hydroxydeoxyguanochine *
*
Vitamin CVitamin E
Manganese
Active oxygen
Active energy
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
RestorationMutation
Chromosome
Telomere=Coupon ticket of division
ZincCopper
Reso-lution
Nucleus DNA
Promotion oftelomere
shortening
Division promotion by excessive nourishment and mutation caused
by active oxygen
Risk factor of Metaboric syndrome and oxidation stress
Oxidation stress
O2・‐
H2O2 ・
OH
Smoking
Hyperlipemia
Hypertension
Diabetes
ObesityOxidized LDL
Pressure High levels of sugar
Active oxygen
Inflammatory reaction
Exercise
Appropriate nutrient
Cardiac infarction
The monocyte goes into the tallow that grew fat, and it is angry on macrophage
Obesity
Monocyte
Free fatty acid
HypertrophicFatty acid
MacrophageMonocyte chemoattractant
protein
Tumor necrosis factor
Chemotaxis facilitation
humectant
Activation
Sign for radiation damage prevention
Isotope room Isotope room
Radiation-8 Radiation-14 Radiation16
Radiation-29 Radiation-30Radiation-31 Radiation-32
Radioactivity that person receives from nature
Radiation received from nature Radiation artificially generated
The amount received from nature in one year (Global average)
X rays taking a picture of stomach(Hit once)
X rays taking a picture of lung
(Hit once)
Amount received when shuttling in Tokyo and New York
in the United States by airplane(A lot of radiations from space are undertaken in a high point
Target value of amount received in one year in surroundings
of nuclear plant(It is actually fewer)
Fromfood
From theearth
From theRadon inThe air
From space
Amount of one year in a lot of Garabari city in Brazil that is all over the world
Limit that person may receive in one year (It excludes it when receiving it by the natural radiation and the medical treatment
Amount of radiation(Unit : mSv)
Level of exposed dose and radiation damage
Appearance on human body at onceAmount of radiation
(Unit : Milisievert)
Death
Skin
Skin
Skin
WholeBody
WholeBody Nausea
Languid
Ulcer
Autumntint
Depilation
Less than 150 No seen clinical symptom
Wholebody
Decrease oflymphocyte
Radiation detector : The kind and strength etc. of the radioactivity that man cannot judge are measured
GM
calculatio
n tu
be
Gam
mar
detecto
r
Measurement and unit of light of environment and radioactivity
light
Radioactive substance
Unit that shows brightness(lx)
Ability to putout radiation
(Radioactivity)
Ability to Put out light
Unit that shows lightnessCandela (cd)
Unit that shows strength of radioactivityBecquerel (Bq)
Unit that shows degree of radiation influence that person received
Sievert (Sv)
Rad
iati
on
Flashlight
Relation between the husband's smoking and wife's lung cancer mortality rate
Smoking number during a day of husband
Wif
e's
lun
g c
ance
r m
ort
alit
y ra
te(T
he
hu
sban
d's
no
n-s
mo
kin
g i
s as
sum
ed t
o b
e 1
)
No-smoke smoked 1-14 15-19 20 and more
(Hirayama research, 1983)
It executed it based on the data of about 3.36 million people extracted from the kindergarten in the whole country and the checkup result of elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools.
Asthma is 2.4 time ten years ago 2.4%(1.0%1996 year) in the kindergarten 3.8%(1.6%) in the elementary school 3.0%(1.5%) in the junior high school 1.7%(0.8%) in the kindergarten in the high school. Six years old decreases in the age and the following have decreased highest with 4.2%.
Atopic dermatitis becomes aggravated as one person in ten of one-years old halves is hanging by the investigation that the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare research group executed in 02. The one with doctor's opinion since this time is totaled.
It is 3.8%, and 3.6% in the elementary school in the kindergarten. 2.8% in junior high school and 2.2% in high school
The number of asthma children doubles in ten years ( Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
School health statistics 2006 )
Diesel engine particulate (DEP)
ChemicalMetal Acid
Nucleus(Carbon)
Less than 0.4 microns
The increase factor of allergic disease
Environmentalfactor
Genetic factor
Allergic diseaseAllergy to food
Atopic dermatitis
Hay fever
Bronchial asthma
Change of living environment
Change of air environment
Change of food environment
Change of social hygiene environment
Diesel exhaust gas corpuscle
Making of eating habits European-style Excess intake of the food additive
A decrease in tuberculosis, bacteremia, and helminth disease
An allergen increase by sealing upChemical in construction materials
Savanna (caliph) farming
Mediterranean sea ( Rabi ) farming
Present Japanese food
根栽(ウビ)農耕
New world farming
The “Jomon” Period
EdoYayoi
Meiji→Heisei
Hierarchy of present Japanese food
and World’s four major cultivating culture
As for a Japanese gene polymorphism, the rice farming, farming hunger tolerance of Yangtze River from 7,000 is basic
Root vegetable (Ubi) farming
Rice farming people's inherited traits:Rice farming people's inherited traits:hunger tolerance, salt receptivity, hunger tolerance, salt receptivity, alcoholic receptivity, no lactose alcoholic receptivity, no lactose tolerance, medicine receptivity, tolerance, medicine receptivity, depolarization and cooperationdepolarization and cooperation